Evaluation of sedation in oral and maxillofacial surgery in ambulatory patients: failure and complications.

Objectives: This study evaluated the failure and complication rates of sedation in ambulatory patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out among 619 patients who had undergone maxillofacial surgical procedures under intravenous sedation with midazolam and fentanyl. Each patient's age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, systemic condition, surgical procedure, complications, and failures were recorded for evaluation.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial effects of Er:YAG, diode, and CO₂ lasers on titanium discs: an experimental study.

Purpose: This study examined carbon dioxide (CO(2); 10,600 nm), diode (808 nm), and erbium (Er):yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG; 2,940 nm) laser applications on Staphylococcus aureus contaminated, sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched surface titanium discs and performed a comparative evaluation of the obtained bactericidal effects and the applicability of these effects in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: This study was carried out in 5 main groups: Er:YAG laser in very short pulse (VSP) emission mode, Er:YAG laser in short pulse (SP) emission mode, diode laser with a 320-nm fiber optic diode laser with an R24-B handpiece, and CO(2) laser. After laser irradiation, dilutions were spread on sheep blood agar plates and, after an incubation period of 24 hours, colony-forming units were counted and compared with the control group, and the bactericidal activity was assessed in relation to the colony counts.

Testosterone and grasp-reflex differences in human neonates.

According to the Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda (GBG) hypothesis, prenatal testosterone (T) causes a slowing in the development of the left brain with a consequent compensatory growth in the right brain, creating a reverse organisation of the cerebral lateralisation. That is, left- and right-handedness might be associated with high and low prenatal T levels, respectively. To test this hypothesis, the relations of T levels (umbilical cord blood) to grasp-reflex strengths were studied in human neonates.

Sleep quality and immune functions in rheumatoid arthritis patients with and without major depression.

The purpose of this study was to determine the discriminative factors between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with and without major depression (MD). We assessed subjective sleep quality, pain, and cell-mediated immune functions in RA patients with (n = 20) and without (n = 20) MD by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), visual analogue scale (VAS), and fluorescein isothiocyanat (FITC) labeled CD3, CD4, CD8, CDI9, CD45, CD56, and HLADR T monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. We found that the RA patients with MD had significantly higher pain level, poorer sleep equality, higher HDRS points, and higher HLADR T cell level than those without MD; and that these variables are discriminant factors between patient groups.

Connexin 32 mutation in a Turkish family with X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

In the present work, we describe a large Turkish family (N=39) with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, which is the most commonly inherited peripheral neuropathy. The subjects were from four generations, including six hemizygote patients and nine heterozygote carrier females. Symptoms appeared in late childhood in males (mean age=13.

Sex difference in perceptual-verbal ability in relation to body size.

Sex difference in verbal ability was reconsidered in relation to body size. The perceptual-verbal ability (PVA) was assessed using the A's Test. For the raw data, women excelled men, as expected.

Sex difference in susceptibility to picrotoxin-induced seizures in rats following octreotide.

It was previously reported that females with proestrous are more susceptible to picrotoxin-induced epileptic seizures than males, provided that the estrous cycle is taken into consideration (Tan & Tan, 2001). The sex difference in susceptibility to picrotoxin-induced seizures was reconsidered in the present study using rats with a previous octreotide (a stable somatostatin analogue) injection, as somatostatin is known to be involved in epileptic phenomena. Contrary to rats without octreotide, males were more susceptible to picrotoxin-induced seizures than females.

Classical and atypical neuroleptics, and bone mineral density, in patients with schizophrenia.

There are some reports that classical neuroleptics may lead to osteoporosis or reduced bone mineral density (BMD). However, there is no adequate information about the effects of atypical neuroleptics on BMD. The aim of this study was to measure BMD in schizophrenic patients taking classical and atypical neuroleptics, compared to healthy controls.

Isokinetic muscle performance in major depressive disorder: alterations by antidepressant therapy.

The aims of this study were (i) to examine whether patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) differ from healthy control subjects with respect to isokinetic muscle performance (IMP) as measured by a dynamometer; (ii) to investigate the effect of subchronic treatment on the IMP in depressed patients. Thirty-eight patients with MDD, and 41 sex- and age-matched healthy controls participated in this study. The severity of depression and anxiety levels was evaluated by the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales.

Sex difference in susceptibility to epileptic seizures in rats: importance of estrous cycle.

Sex difference in seizure susceptibility is one of the unresolved issues of epilepsy. It is known that estrogen is excitatory and progesterone is inhibitory to the central nervous system. Therefore, it is to be expected that seizure susceptibility may be associated with the estrous cycle, which should be tested in epilepsy research.

Isokinetic muscle performance in major depressive disorder: alterations by antidepressant therapy.

The aims of this study were (i) to examine whether patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) differ from healthy control subjects with respect to isokinetic muscle performance (IMP) as measured by a dynamometer; (ii) to investigate the effect of subchronic treatment on the IMP in depressed patients. Thirty-eight patients with MDD, and 41 sex- and age-matched healthy controls participated in this study. The severity of depression and anxiety levels were evaluated by the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales.

Effect of omeprazole on gallbladder contraction in humans.

Background/aims: Omeprazole causes hypergastrinemia because of the effects of prolonged complete suppression of acid secretion and also gastrin has an excitatory effect on gallbladder contraction. Therefore, we investigated the meal-induced gallbladder emptying in healthy subjects receiving omeprazole and compared them to controls.

Methodology: Twenty healthy volunteers participated in this study.

Incidences of asymmetries for the palmar grasp reflex in neonates and hand preference in adults.

It was hypothesized that adult handedness might be predicted from the neonatal grasp reflex. Grasp reflex was measured from right and left hand (10 trials for each hand) in neonates. According to significance for the difference between the mean grasp reflex strength from the right and left hands, the subjects were designated as right-, left-, and mixed-handers.

Fatal polyarteritis nodosa with massive mesenteric necrosis in a child.

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare vasculitic syndrome in childhood. There are few reported cases of ischaemic necrosis of the intestine and even fewer survivors in adults. We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with PAN and an acute abdomen that required operative intervention.

Action of cisapride on gallbladder contraction in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background/aims: Gallbladder emptying abnormalities are common in patients with diabetes mellitus, and it has been hypothesized that they contribute to the increased incidence of gallbladder stones and biliary pain observed in these patients. Cisapride is a drug that exerts a prokinetic effect in both animals and humans. Recently, we demonstrated that cisapride decreased the fasting and post-prandial gallbladder volume in healthy subjects.

Effect of long-acting somatostatin analogue (octreotide, SMS 201-995) plus calcium channel blocker (verapamil) on gallbladder contraction.

Background/aims: In this study we investigated the effect of the long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide (SMS 201-995) plus calcium channel blocker (Verapamil) on gallbladder contraction.

Methodology: Fourty healthy volunteers participated in this study. Gallbladder volumes were measured by ultrasonography.

Inhibition of penile erection in rats by a long-acting somatostatin analogue, octreotide (SMS 201-995).

Objective: To assess the effect of a new somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995, octreotide) on erectile function in rats.

Materials And Methods: Animals were fasted and anaesthetized intraperitoneally with pentobarbital. A cannula was placed in the trachea and the femoral vein cannulated for intravenous infusion.

The Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome.

The association of prolongation of the QT interval with recurrent attacks of syncope, sudden death, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias is known as the long QT syndrome. The syndrome may be familial with or without congenital deafness, or idiopatic. The syndrome with deafness (Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome) is inherited through an autosomal recessive mechanism.