Radiographic Assessment of Pelvic Inlet and Outlet View Angles in the Ethiopian Population.

Background: Accurate radiographic assessment is pivotal in evaluating trauma patients with suspected pelvic ring disruptions. The conventional approach of using anteroposterior, 45° inlet, and 45° outlet radiographs for the evaluation of pelvic injury may not consistently align with varying lumbopelvic anatomy. This study aimed to determine the ideal pelvic inlet and outlet radiographic angles when there is limited access to advanced imaging (e.

Effectiveness of bubble continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of children aged 1-59 months with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in Ethiopia: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: The safety and efficacy of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) for treatment of childhood severe pneumonia outside tertiary care hospitals is uncertain. We did a cluster-randomised effectiveness trial of locally made bCPAP compared with WHO-recommended low-flow oxygen therapy in children with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in general hospitals in Ethiopia.

Methods: This open, cluster-randomised trial was done in 12 general (secondary) hospitals in Ethiopia.

Sarcoid dactylitis: A case report of rare presentation of uncommon disease, sarcoidosis-From Ethiopia.

We present a rare case of sarcoid dactylitis after an adult female presented with painless swelling of the bilateral hand fingers and toe, with radiographic findings highly characteristic for osseous sarcoidosis and confirmation made by bronchoscopic biopsy of hilar enlarged lymph nodes.

Guideline Concordance of Treatment and Outcomes Among Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multinational, Population-Based Cohort.

Background: Although non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the 6th most common malignancy in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), little is known about its management and outcome. Herein, we examined treatment patterns and survival among NHL patients.

Methods: We obtained a random sample of adult patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 from 11 population-based cancer registries in 10 SSA countries.

Vision-Transformer-Based Transfer Learning for Mammogram Classification.

Breast mass identification is a crucial procedure during mammogram-based early breast cancer diagnosis. However, it is difficult to determine whether a breast lump is benign or cancerous at early stages. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used to solve this problem and have provided useful advancements.

Effectiveness of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (BCPAP) for Treatment of Children Aged 1-59 Months with Severe Pneumonia and Hypoxemia in Ethiopia: A .

Despite the beneficial effect of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (BCPAP) oxygen therapy for children with severe pneumonia under the supervision of physicians that has been shown in different studies, effectiveness trials in developing country settings where low-flow oxygen therapy is the standard of care are still needed. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of bubble CPAP oxygen therapy compared to the WHO standard low-flow oxygen therapy among children hospitalized with severe pneumonia and hypoxemia in Ethiopia. This is a cluster randomized controlled trial where six district hospitals are randomized to BCPAP and six to standard WHO low-flow oxygen therapy.

An unusual manifestation of hydatid disease: A case in a 20-year old male patient.

Echinococcosis is a re-emerging public health issue in developing countries as most communities are homes to dogs and other domesticated animals while cattle raising is a major habit of most sub-Saharan countries. The usual presentations include liver and lung cysts. While few documentations and publications have been made on extra-pulmonary intrathoracic hydatid cysts in other parts of the world, there has been no published document on extra-pulmonary intrathoracic hydatid cysts consisting of eighty or more cystic masses in a single patient in Ethiopia.

Analysis of maternal and newborn training curricula and approaches to inform future trainings for routine care, basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care in the low- and middle-income countries: Lessons from Ethiopia and Nepal.

Program managers routinely design and implement specialised maternal and newborn health trainings for health workers in low- and middle-income countries to provide better-coordinated care across the continuum of care. However, in these countries details on the availability of different training packages, skills covered in those training packages and the gaps in their implementation are patchy. This paper presents an assessment of maternal and newborn health training packages to describe differences in training contents and implementation approaches used for a range of training packages in Ethiopia and Nepal.

The landscape of neuro-oncology in East Africa: a review of published records.

Introduction: Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent an important and growing cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. There are global variations in the reported case burden of CNS tumors, with high-income countries reporting a higher incidence of cases than low- and middle-income countries. Variations are attributed to differences in access to care, diagnostic capacity, risk exposure, and under-reporting in LMICs.

Targeted Delivery of BZLF1 to DEC205 Drives EBV-Protective Immunity in a Spontaneous Model of EBV-Driven Lymphoproliferative Disease.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpes virus that infects over 90% of the world's population and is linked to development of cancer. In immune-competent individuals, EBV infection is mitigated by a highly efficient virus-specific memory T-cell response. Risk of EBV-driven cancers increases with immune suppression (IS).

Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia: feasibility and effectiveness of teaching via telesimulation in Ethiopia.

Background: Acute pain management in resource-poor countries remains a challenge. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is a cost-effective way of delivering analgesia in these settings. However, for financial and logistical reasons, educational workshops are inaccessible to many physicians in these environments.

Molecular detection of multidrug resistance pattern and associated gene mutations in M. tuberculosis isolates from newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Multi-drug resistance is a major challenge in the control of tuberculosis. Despite newer modalities for diagnosis and treatment, people are still suffering from this disease. Understanding the common gene mutations conferring rifampicin and isoniazid resistance is crucial for the implementation of effective molecular tools at local and national levels.

Value and Feasibility of Telephone Follow-Up in Ethiopian Surgical Patients.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Lack of post-discharge follow-up, including identification of SSIs, is a barrier to continued patient care, often because of financial and travel constraints. As part of a surgical quality improvement initiative, we aimed to assess patient outcomes at 30 days post-operative with a telephone call.

Clinical presentation and diagnosis of adult patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the sixth most common cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Comprehensive diagnostics of NHL are essential for effective treatment. Our objective was to assess the frequency of NHL subtypes, disease stage and further diagnostic aspects.

An international instant-messaging journal club: a modern, fun and global approach to a traditional teaching tool.

The aim of this study was to introduce a modern, engaging and easily accessible approach to medical education. A virtual journal club (VJC) was established for the orthopaedic trainees of Ethiopia using instant messaging via Viber. Group discussions included research articles, case reports and radiographs.

Preference of Traditional Bone Setting and associated factors among trauma patients with fracture at Black Lion Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: institution based cross sectional study.

Objective: Despite the access and availability of modern health care, Traditional Bone Setting (TBS) has a big place as alternative health care. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the preference of Traditional Bone Setting and associated factors among patients with a fracture.

Results: A total of 224 patients known to have fractured at Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa was included in the study.

Definition of fields margins for the optimized 2D radiotherapy of prostate carcinoma.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men both in western and developing countries. Radiotherapy (RT) is an important therapeutic option. New technologies (including 3D, intensity modulated RT, image-guided RT and, volumetric modulated arc therapy) have been introduced in the last few decades with progressive improvement of clinical outcomes.

Prospective International Pilot Study Evaluating the Efficacy of a Self-Guided Contouring Teaching Module With Integrated Feedback for Transitioning From 2D to 3D Treatment Planning.

Purpose: Transitioning from two-dimensional to three-dimensional treatment planning requires developing contouring skills. Contouring atlases are excellent resources, but they do not provide users active feedback. Developing countries may not have many radiation oncologists experienced in three-dimensional planning to provide training.

Risk factors for tuberculosis: A case-control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major public-health problem in the world, despite several efforts to improve case identification and treatment compliance. It is well known cause of ill-health among millions of people each year and ranks as the second leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. Despite implementation of the World health organization recommended strategy, the reductions in the incidence of TB have been minimal in high burden countries.

Acute mesenteric ischaemia: A case of expedited diagnosis and management using point-of-care ultrasound.

Introduction: The term refers to a clinical syndrome of sudden onset, severe abdominal pain. The differential diagnosis for this presentation is broad, but most cases require emergent medical or surgical management. Especially in cases of ischaemic bowel, time to diagnosis can mean the difference between survival and death.

Feasibility of 2D-conformal radiotherapy for pancreatic carcinoma.

The purpose of the present study was to propose an optimized 2D technique (2D-conformal) for radiotherapy (RT) of pancreatic cancer (CaP). This technique is based on double simulation which resolves the problems of radiographic image distortion. Five patients with locally advanced CaP were identified and enrolled.

Impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction and genotypic characteristics of rotavirus strains in children less than 5 years of age with gastroenteritis in Ethiopia: 2011-2016.

Introduction: A monovalent rotavirus vaccine was introduced in the Ethiopian Expanded Program on Immunization from November 2013. We compared impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction on rotavirus associated acute diarrhea hospitalizations and genotypic characteristics of rotavirus strains pre-and post-vaccine introduction.

Methods: Sentinel surveillance for diarrhea among children <5 years of age was conducted at 3 hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 2011 to 2017.