Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists professional practice guidelines for the administration of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Objectives: To provide guidance for the optimal administration of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, based on scientific evidence and supplemented by expert clinical consensus.

Methods: Articles and information were sourced from existing guidelines and published literature. The findings were then formulated into consensus-based recommendations and guidance by the authors.

Striatal Functional Alterations Link to Distinct Symptomatology Across Mood States in Bipolar Disorder.

Background: As a central hub in cognitive and emotional brain circuits, the striatum is considered likely to be integrally involved in the psychopathology of bipolar disorder (BD). However, it remains unclear how alterations in striatal function contribute to distinct symptomatology of BD during different mood states.

Methods: Behavioral assessment (i.

Individualised Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Targeting of the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex for Enhancing Cognition: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been demonstrated to produce cognitive enhancing effects across different neuropsychiatric disorders; however, so far, these effects have been limited. This trial investigated the efficacy of using a novel individualised approach to target the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) for enhancing cognitive flexibility based on performance on a cognitive task. First, forty healthy participants had their single target site at the L-DLPFC determined based on each individual's performance on a random letter generation task.

Basic processes and clinical applications of mental imagery in worry: A systematic review.

Background: In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise existing research on the phenomenology of mental imagery among high worriers compared to healthy individuals, and to characterise the nature and effectiveness of existing imagery-related interventions in treatment of worry.

Methods: PsycInfo, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Medline, Medline Epub, and PubMed were searched for studies examining the relationship between worry/GAD and mental imagery, or interventions using imagery in treatment of worry/GAD. We assessed study quality and used qualitative narrative synthesis to comprehensively map study results.

Smoking Progression and Nicotine-Enhanced Reward Sensitivity Predicted by Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Salience and Executive Control Networks.

Introduction: The neural underpinnings underlying individual differences in nicotine-enhanced reward sensitivity (NERS) and smoking progression are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated whether brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC.) during smoking abstinence predicts NERS and smoking progression in young light smokers.

Relationship between trauma, psychological distress and help-seeking among corrective service workers.

Background: Corrective service workers (CSWs) are at high risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems. Prevalence rates and help-seeking behaviours are under-researched within this population.

Aims: To assess rates of PTSD and distress, and identify predictors of intention to seek help, among workers at an Australian corrective service agency.

Patient-Led Urate Self-Monitoring to Improve Clinical Outcomes in People With Gout: A Feasibility Study.

Objective: Self-monitored point-of-care urate-measuring devices are an underexplored strategy to improve adherence to urate-lowering therapy and clinical outcomes in gout. This study observed patient-led urate self-monitoring practice and assessed its influence on allopurinol adherence, urate control, and health-related quality of life.

Methods: People with gout (n = 31) and prescribed allopurinol self-monitored their urate concentrations (HumaSens2.

Codesigned online cognitive bias modification of interpretations for anxiety and depression in children: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Previous research has shown that cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) may be a promising intervention for anxiety in youth; however, results are mixed. Given the high comorbidity between anxiety and depression in youth, it is surprising that no child studies have targeted biases associated with both. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of an online CBM-I intervention (Mindmaster) for children with symptom scores of anxiety or depression above a borderline or clinical threshold.

Intense and problematic social media use and sleep difficulties of adolescents in 40 countries.

Introduction: Social media has become a ubiquitous part of everyday life; however, evidence suggests patterns of social media use can affect sleep health in children and adolescents. This study aimed to examine the associations of intense and problematic social media use (SMU) with sleep-onset difficulties in adolescence.

Methods: We analysed data from 212,613 adolescents aged 11-15 years (51.

Potential mental health-related harms associated with the universal screening of anxiety and depressive symptoms in Australian secondary schools.

Background: Anxiety and depressive disorders typically emerge in adolescence and can be chronic and disabling if not identified and treated early. School-based universal mental health screening may identify young people in need of mental health support and facilitate access to treatment. However, few studies have assessed the potential harms of this approach.

Drug dependence and prescribing ketamine for treatment-resistant depression in Australia and New Zealand.

Ketamine is a restricted and regulated medication in Australia and New Zealand, which has implications when considering treatment for patients with treatment-resistant depression and a history of illicit drug use, abuse or dependence. Regulations governing prescription of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression vary between jurisdictions in Australia and New Zealand, though most restrict use in those with drug dependence. There is substantial variation in definitions of drug dependence used in each jurisdiction, and between the legal and clinical definitions, with the latter specified in the current International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision and , Fifth Edition.

An Analysis of Incident Reports Related to Electronic Medication Management: How They Change Over Time.

Objective: Electronic medication management (EMM) systems have been shown to introduce new patient safety risks that were not possible, or unlikely to occur, with the use of paper charts. Our aim was to examine the factors that contribute to EMM-related incidents and how these incidents change over time with ongoing EMM use.

Methods: Incidents reported at 3 hospitals between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, were extracted using a keyword search and then screened to identify EMM-related reports.

Using Computational Phenotyping to Identify Divergent Strategies for Effort Allocation Across the Psychosis Spectrum.

Background And Hypothesis: Disturbances in effort-cost decision-making have been highlighted as a potential transdiagnostic process underpinning negative symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. However, recent studies using computational phenotyping show that individuals employ a range of strategies to allocate effort, and use of different strategies is associated with unique clinical and cognitive characteristics. Building on prior work in schizophrenia, this study evaluated whether effort allocation strategies differed in individuals with distinct psychotic disorders.

Cognitive bias modification of interpretations for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis.

Background: Evidence suggests that cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) is effective in modifying interpretation biases and has a small effect on reducing anxiety in children and adolescents. However, most evidence to date is based on studies which report anxiety or general distress using Likert-type or Visual Analogue Scales, which are useful but do not reliably index symptoms of clinical importance. This meta-analysis aimed to establish the effects of CBM-I for children and adolescents on both anxiety and depression using psychometrically validated symptom measures, as well as state negative affect and negative and positive interpretation bias.

The relationship between cognitive and affective control and adolescent mental health.

Background: Cognitive control problems have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of mental health problems, including depression, in adults. Studies in adolescents have been more equivocal, with some showing changes in cognitive control in adolescents with mental health problems, whereas others fail to show an association. This study examines whether adolescent mental health is associated with control, the application of cognitive control in affective contexts, which shows more protracted development than cognitive control.

Brain-based graph-theoretical predictive modeling to map the trajectory of anhedonia, impulsivity, and hypomania from the human functional connectome.

Clinical assessments often fail to discriminate between unipolar and bipolar depression and identify individuals who will develop future (hypo)manic episodes. To address this challenge, we developed a brain-based graph-theoretical predictive model (GPM) to prospectively map symptoms of anhedonia, impulsivity, and (hypo)mania. Individuals seeking treatment for mood disorders (n = 80) underwent an fMRI scan, including (i) resting-state and (ii) a reinforcement-learning (RL) task.