Associations between life-course FEV/FVC trajectories and respiratory symptoms up to middle age: analysis of data from two prospective cohort studies.

Background: Life-course lung function trajectories leading to airflow obstruction, as measured by impaired FEV/FVC (forced vital capacity), precede the onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to investigate whether individuals on impaired FEV/FVC trajectories have an increased burden of respiratory symptoms, including those who do not meet the spirometric criteria for COPD.

Methods: We analysed serial life-course data from two population-based cohort studies separately, which included respiratory symptoms and spirometry: the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS, Australia) cohort was recruited at age 6-7 years and followed up until middle age (mean age 53 years; range 51-55); and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA, USA) cohort was recruited at a mean age of 25 years (range 18-30) and followed up to a mean age of 55 years (range 47-64).

Intraoperative neuromonitoring and mapping during spinal cord untethering surgery; a single-centre paediatric neurosurgery unit experience.

Purpose: A review of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) and mapping (IONMa) utility during paediatric tethered cord surgery with particular attention to feasibility, measures to prevent injury, and postoperative outcome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of spinal cord untethering surgery between 2015 and 2022 was carried out. Cohort demographics, IONM and IONMa data, and procedural details were summarised and associations between variables explored.

Mitochondria: the epigenetic regulators of ovarian aging and longevity.

Ovarian aging is a major health concern for women. Ovarian aging is associated with reduced health span and longevity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of ovarian aging.

Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir for HIV Prevention in Men and Gender-Diverse Persons.

Background: Twice-yearly subcutaneous lenacapavir has been shown to be efficacious for prevention of HIV infection in cisgender women. The efficacy of lenacapavir for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and gender-nonbinary persons is unclear.

Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind, randomized, active-controlled trial, we randomly assigned participants in a 2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous lenacapavir every 26 weeks or daily oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF).

Factors associated with self-reported suboptimal antiretroviral adherence and limited retention in care among people living with HIV who attend a large ART clinic in Panama City, Panama.

Background: The prevalence of HIV in Panama is estimated to be 1.0%; only 71% of individuals on antiretroviral treatment (ART) were virally suppressed in 2022. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of suboptimal adherence (≥1 missed doses in previous four weeks) and limited retention in HIV care (≥1 missed HIV care appointments in previous 12 months) among adults (aged ≥18 years) who attended the most populous urban ART Clinic in Panama City.

Patient, Caregiver, and Clinician Perspectives on the Time Burdens of Cancer Care.

Importance: Cancer and its care impose significant time commitments on patients and care partners. The oncology community has only recently conceptualized these commitments and the associated burden as the "time toxicity" of cancer care. As the concept gains traction, there is a critical need to fundamentally understand the perspectives of multiple stakeholders on the time burdens of cancer care.

Case-Control Study of Cervicovaginal Beta-/Gamma-HPV Infection in Women with HIV and Its Relation with Incident Cervical Precancer.

We studied cervicovaginal β-/γ-human papillomavirus (HPV) and their relationship to cervical precancer in women with HIV (WWH); having previously reported strong positive associations of β-/γ-HPV with incident head and neck cancer in the general population. Cases (N=124) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-3 or CIN-2. Controls (N=247) were individually matched 2:1 to cases.

Caregiving and Hypertension in Younger Black Women: The Jackson Heart Study.

Background: Caregiving has been associated with high blood pressure in middle-aged and older women, but this relationship is understudied among younger Black women, a population at high risk for hypertension. We examined the associations of caregiving stress and caregiving for high-needs dependents with incident hypertension among reproductive-age women in the JHS (Jackson Heart Study), a cohort of community-dwelling Black adults.

Methods: We included 453 participants, aged 21 to 44 years, with blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg, and not taking antihypertensive medication at baseline (2000-2004).

Corrigendum: The predictive validity of a Brain Care Score for late-life depression and a composite outcome of dementia, stroke, and late-life depression: data from the UK Biobank cohort.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.

Mevalonate kinase deficiency: an updated clinical overview and revision of the SHARE recommendations.

Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), a rare auto-inflammatory disorder, arises from mutations in the gene, disrupting isoprenoid biosynthesis, and affecting cellular processes. This comprehensive review provides an updated perspective on MKD, including its aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic strategies. Based on recent research and clinical advances, our objective is to bridge the knowledge gaps in the 2015 SHARE guidelines.

Engagement in the HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care Cascade in a Statewide Sample of Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals.

Although literature regarding HIV prevention among transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people has grown considerably, important gaps remain, particularly in relation to the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care cascade. Additional research is needed to understand when and why TNB people exit the PrEP care cascade to inform interventions to better support these populations. Moreover, most studies have focused on transgender women, though transgender men and nonbinary people also experience a disproportionate prevalence of HIV relative to cisgender populations.

The Association Between Periconceptual Maternal Dietary Patterns and Miscarriage Risk in Women With Recurrent Miscarriages: A Multicentre Cohort Study.

Objective: To examine the association between periconceptual maternal diet and miscarriage risk among women with recurrent miscarriages.

Design: Prospective multicentre cohort study (Tommy's Net).

Setting: Three university hospital research centres in the United Kingdom.

Cost-effectiveness of high flow nasal cannula therapy versus continuous positive airway pressure for non-invasive respiratory support in paediatric critical care.

Background: High flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are two widely used modes of non-invasive respiratory support in paediatric critical care units. The FIRST-ABC randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of HFNC compared with CPAP in two distinct critical care populations: acutely ill children ('step-up' RCT) and extubated children ('step-down' RCT). Clinical effectiveness findings (time to liberation from all forms of respiratory support) showed that HFNC was non-inferior to CPAP in the step-up RCT, but failed to meet non-inferiority criteria in the step-down RCT.

Prediction of risk for early or very early preterm births using high-resolution urinary metabolomic profiling.

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a serious health problem. PTB complications is the main cause of death in infants under five years of age worldwide. The ability to accurately predict risk for PTB during early pregnancy would allow early monitoring and interventions to provide personalized care, and hence improve outcomes for the mother and infant.

Molecular diagnoses and candidate gene identification in the congenital heart disease cohorts of the 100,000 genomes project.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) describes a structural cardiac defect present from birth. A cohort of participants recruited to the 100,000 Genomes Project (100 kGP) with syndromic CHD (286 probands) and familial CHD (262 probands) were identified. "Tiering" following genome sequencing data analysis prioritised variants in gene panels linked to participant phenotype.

Nonsevere hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and oral antihypertensive medications: an argument against use.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, affect approximately 13% of all pregnancies and are a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the treatment of preeclampsia with severe features has been well established on the basis of randomized controlled data, international society guidelines vary on the treatment of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia without severe features. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends against the use of antihypertensive agents for nonsevere hypertension (blood pressure of <160/110 mm Hg) in both gestational hypertension and preeclampsia without severe features given a lack of level 1 evidence in support of treatment and the theoretical risk of masking of disease progression or causing adverse fetal effects, such as growth restriction.

Image-guided renal parenchymal biopsies- how we do it.

This paper is a multi-institutional review of image-guided renal parenchymal biopsies. Among the topics covered are indications, preprocedural considerations, biopsy technique, complications, and postprocedural management. Both native kidney and transplant kidney biopsies are considered in this review.