What do Veterans with homeless experience want us to know that we are not asking? A qualitative content analysis of comments from a national survey of healthcare experience.

Surveys of people who experience homelessness can portray their life and healthcare experiences with a level of statistical precision; however, few have explored how the very same surveys can deliver qualitative insights as well. In responding to surveys, people experiencing homelessness can use the margins to highlight health and social concerns that investigators failed to anticipate that standard question batteries miss. This study describes the unprompted comments of a large national survey of Veterans with homeless experiences.

Establishing Care Post Discharge Following a Heart Failure Hospitalization in an Uninsured Heart Failure Population.

Multidisciplinary interprofessional outpatient care improves mortality for patients with heart failure (HF) but is underutilized. We sought to identify factors associated with not establishing outpatient care among uninsured individuals with HF. We included uninsured individuals referred to an interprofessional clinic after a hospitalization with HF from 2016 to 2019.

Patterns of Scientific and Clinical Impact in Cancer Randomized Clinical Trials.

This cohort study examines whether randomized clinical trials of cancer treatment with negative findings that inform cancer care guidelines are recognized for their scientific relevance by the research community.

Drought and all-cause mortality in Nebraska from 1980 to 2014: Time-series analyses by age, sex, race, urbanicity and drought severity.

Background: Climate change will increase drought duration and severity in many regions around the world, including the Central Plains of North America. However, studies on drought-related health impacts are still sparse. This study aims to explore the potential associations between drought and all-cause mortality in Nebraska from 1980 to 2014.

Self-Reported Usage of Safety Equipment Provided Through a Community Partnership Approach to Injury Prevention in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives: Previous studies have shown that educational programs in conjunction with provision of free or low-cost safety equipment increases the likelihood of parents changing behaviors at home. This project surveyed caregivers in the pediatric emergency department (ED) about safety behaviors before and after provision of education and safety equipment related to medication storage, firearm storage, and drowning.

Methods: A convenience sample of families presenting to the ED for any complaint with a child of any age were approached for participation in this feasibility study.

Oxidative Stress and Menopausal Status: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Cohort Study.

Low endogenous estrogen concentrations after menopause may contribute to higher oxidative stress and greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, differences in oxidative stress between similarly aged premenopausal and postmenopausal women are not well-characterized on a population level. We hypothesized that urinary isoprostane concentrations, a standard measure of systemic oxidative stress, are higher in women who have undergone menopause compared to premenopausal women.

Evaluating novel approaches for estimating awake and sleep blood pressure: design of the Better BP Study - a randomised, crossover trial.

Introduction: For many people, blood pressure (BP) levels differ when measured in a medical office versus outside of the office setting. Out-of-office BP has a stronger association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events compared with BP measured in the office. Many BP guidelines recommend measuring BP outside of the office to confirm the levels obtained in the office.

"The one who doesn't take ART medication has no wealth at all and no purpose on Earth" - a qualitative assessment of how HIV-positive adults in Uganda understand the health and wealth-related benefits of ART.

Background: Increases in life expectancy from antiretroviral therapy (ART) may influence future health and wealth among people living with HIV (PLWH). What remains unknown is how PLWH in care perceive the benefits of ART adherence, particularly in terms of improving health and wealth in the short and long-term at the individual, household, and structural levels. Understanding future-oriented attitudes towards ART may help policymakers tailor care and treatment programs with both short and long-term-term health benefits in mind, to improve HIV-related outcomes for PLWH.

Summary of the Fourth Annual American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association Workshop on Improving Sexually Transmitted Infection Control Efforts Through Cross-Sector Collaboration.

The American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association has, for several years, been conducting a cross-sector workshop to bring together a variety of stakeholders to develop ideas for collaboratively improving the sexually transmitted infection control efforts in the United States. In this summary, we share the content of discussions and ideas of the fourth annual workshop for future research and potential changes to practice with a focus on diagnostic capacity.

Sociodemographic characteristics and cervical cancer survival in different regions of the United States: a National Cancer Database study.

Objective: To determine how sociodemographic factors impact cervical cancer survival in different geographic locations in the USA.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients with cervical cancer from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2015 in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) was identified. Tumor characteristics as well as race, income, insurance type, and treating facility types were compared among nine geographic regions.

Does preventive dental care reduce nonpreventive dental visits and expenditures among Medicaid-enrolled adults?

Objective: To determine whether preventive dental visits are associated with fewer subsequent nonpreventive dental visits and lower dental expenditures.

Data Sources: Indiana Medicaid enrollment and claims data (2015-2018) and the Area Health Resource File.

Study Design: A repeated measures design with individual and year fixed effects examining the relationship between preventive dental visits (PDVs) and nonpreventive dental visits (NPVs) and dental expenditures.

Racial and rural-urban disparities in cardiovascular risk factors among patients with head and neck cancer in a clinical cohort.

Background: Evidence on distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is limited. We assessed disparities in prevalence and incidence of CVD risk factors in patients with HNSCC.

Methods: Electronic health records (EHR) data on 2262 patients with HNSCC diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 at a NCI-designated cancer center were included.

Proceedings From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Workshop to Control Hypertension.

Hypertension treatment and control prevent more cardiovascular events than management of other modifiable risk factors. Although the age-adjusted proportion of US adults with controlled blood pressure (BP) defined as <140/90 mm Hg, improved from 31.8% in 1999-2000 to 48.

Alcohol Use and Blood Pressure Among Adults with Hypertension: the Mediating Roles of Health Behaviors.

Background: Alcohol use is associated with increased blood pressure among adults with hypertension, but it is unknown whether some of the observed relationship is explained by mediating behaviors related to alcohol use.

Objective: We assess the potential indirect role of smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and poor medication adherence on the association between alcohol use and blood pressure among Black and White men and women with hypertension.

Design: Adjusted repeated-measures analyses using generalized estimating equations and mediation analyses using inverse odds ratio weighting.

Identifying physician-perceived barriers to a pragmatic treatment trial in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The aim of this qualitative research was to identify physician-perceived patient and clinic barriers to patient recruitment in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pragmatic trial of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologic versus non-TNF biologic/Janus-Kinase inhibitor initiation after an inadequate response to methotrexate.

Methods: Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 26 rheumatologists in March 2019. An exploratory thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the interview data.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Environment and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Associations and Mediation Through Food Environment Pathways in Three Independent Study Samples.

Objective: We examined whether relative availability of fast-food restaurants and supermarkets mediates the association between worse neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design And Methods: As part of the Diabetes Location, Environmental Attributes, and Disparities Network, three academic institutions used harmonized environmental data sources and analytic methods in three distinct study samples: 1) the Veterans Administration Diabetes Risk (VADR) cohort, a national administrative cohort of 4.1 million diabetes-free veterans developed using electronic health records (EHRs); 2) Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS), a longitudinal, epidemiologic cohort with Stroke Belt region oversampling (N = 11,208); and 3) Geisinger/Johns Hopkins University (G/JHU), an EHR-based, nested case-control study of 15,888 patients with new-onset T2D and of matched control participants in Pennsylvania.

"It's behaviors, not identity": Attitudes and beliefs related to HIV risk and pre-exposure prophylaxis among transgender women in the Southeastern United States.

HIV prevalence is high among transgender women (TGW) in the Southeastern U.S. Uptake of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is low among TGW nationwide.

Partnership status and time to viral suppression and sustained viral suppression among newly diagnosed heterosexual people with HIV.

Background: Previous studies examining the role of partnership on HIV care outcomes have primarily focused on the men who have sex with men population in the United States, leaving a gap in the literature on this phenomenon among the heterosexual persons with HIV (PWH). This study examined association between partnership around diagnosis (married, unmarried-partnered, and un-partnered) with time to viral suppression (TVS) and sustained viral suppression (SVS) in newly diagnosed heterosexual PWH from a HIV clinic in Birmingham, Alabama.

Methods: TVS [time to first viral load (VL) <200 copies/ml] was measured using VLs from 12 months following diagnosis using Kaplan-Meier and proportional hazard model for interval censoring (=153) to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

What are the risk factors for complications after combined injury of the pelvic ring and acetabulum?

Purpose: Combined acetabular and pelvic ring injuries represent a unique subset of pelvic trauma and little is known regarding their complications and outcomes. We sought to further evaluate these injury patterns and quantify their outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review at a single level 1 trauma center was performed on all patients with operatively treated combined ring and acetabulum injuries during a seven-year period.

Can PATH Study susceptibility measures predict e-cigarette and cigarette use among American youth 1 year later?

Aims: To investigate whether e-cigarette and cigarette susceptibility predict e-cigarette and cigarette use among American youth 1 year later.

Design And Setting: Longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study-a four-stage, stratified probability cohort study of youth (12-17 years old) sampled from the United States civilian, non-institutionalized population. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between initial product-specific susceptibility and subsequent cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to nicotine users, and behavioral risk factors.

BMI and blood pressure control among United States adults with hypertension.

Objectives: Less than half of United States adults with hypertension have controlled blood pressure (BP). Higher BMI is associated with an increased risk for hypertension but the association between BMI and BP control is not well characterized. We examined hypertension awareness, antihypertensive medication use, and BP control, by BMI category.

Trauma Indicators in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank and National Spinal Cord Injury Database.

Objective: To investigate whether initial emergency department physiological measures and metrics of trauma severity predict functional outcomes and neurologic recovery in traumatic spinal cord injury.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a clinical database.

Setting: Merged multicenter data from the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems (SCIMS) database and National Trauma Data Bank from 6 academic medical centers across the United States.