Young Adult Physical Activity Trajectories and Midlife Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Importance: Physical activity (PA) is recommended for preventing and treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Yet, how long-term patterns of intensity-based physical activity, including moderate-intensity PA (MPA) and vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), might affect the prevalence of NAFLD in middle age remains unclear.

Objective: To identify distinct intensity-based PA trajectories from young to middle adulthood and examine the associations between PA trajectories and NAFLD prevalence in midlife.

Daily Oral HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: Cost-saving at Generic Drug Price.

Background: Adherence and retention concerns raise questions about the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in young men who have sex with men (YMSM).

Methods: Using an adolescent-focused simulation model, we compared annual HIV screening alone with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine-based oral PrEP with every 3-month HIV screening in YMSM (aged 15-24) at increased risk of HIV. Data derived from published sources included: age-stratified HIV incidence/100 person-years (PY) on- or off-PrEP (0.

Job strain, occupation, and bladder health among women.

Objectives: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common among employed women. An underexplored topic is whether characteristics of women's occupations may influence LUTS. The present study examined whether job strain and its individual components (psychological demands, decision latitude) were associated with greater LUTS and their impact and whether, compared to managerial and professional occupations, occupations characterized by manual labor, sales, service, nursing, and teaching were associated with greater LUTS and their impact.

Assessing the association between food environment and dietary inflammation by community type: a cross-sectional REGARDS study.

Background: Communities in the United States (US) exist on a continuum of urbanicity, which may inform how individuals interact with their food environment, and thus modify the relationship between food access and dietary behaviors.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aims to examine the modifying effect of community type in the association between the relative availability of food outlets and dietary inflammation across the US.

Methods: Using baseline data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (2003-2007), we calculated participants' dietary inflammation score (DIS).

Considerations towards the better integration of epidemiology into quantitative risk assessment.

Environmental epidemiology has proven critical to study various associations between environmental exposures and adverse human health effects. However, there is a perception that it often does not sufficiently inform quantitative risk assessment. To help address this concern, in 2017, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute initiated a project engaging the epidemiology, exposure science, and risk assessment communities with tripartite representation from government agencies, industry, and academia, in a dialogue on the use of environmental epidemiology for quantitative risk assessment and public health decision making.

Final analysis of potential drug-drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol and anti-seizure medications in an open-label expanded access program.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess potential drug-drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) and anti-seizure medications (ASMs).

Methods: Our group previously reported that in a sample of adults and children receiving CBD in an open-label expanded access program, there were several ASMs noted to increase in serum levels with increasing doses of CBD. We analyzed if an increased number of observations over time resulted in changes in potential interactions and if potential interactions were associated with time since enrollment, demographics, or the overall rating of adverse effects.

Racial and ethnic differences in circulating N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in US adults.

Background: The presence and interpretation of racial and ethnic differences in circulating N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a diagnostic biomarker for heart failure, are controversial.

Objective: To examine racial and ethnic differences in NT-proBNP levels among the general US adult population.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

The economic and clinical impact of fast- versus slow-setting cement in primary total knee arthroplasty.

Introduction: New bone cement products have been developed attempting to shorten their setting time and thus cut down time in the operating room. This study determines whether faster-setting bone cement shortens time in the operating room, and whether the quantity used compromises postoperative TKA outcomes. Additionally, this study looks at cost analyses of the quantity of bone cement used in TKA procedures.

Pain in Trauma Patients: Measurement and Predisposing Factors.

Introduction: Acute pain is common after injury. This study intended to evaluate the feasibility of quantifying pain experience over an entire admission using "area under the pain curve" and to identify factors associated with increased pain.

Methods: This retrospective single-center study included all trauma patients admitted from 2013 to 2020.

Prevalence of Elevated NT-proBNP and its Prognostic Value by Blood Pressure Treatment and Control.

Background: The prognostic utility of NT-proBNP in the setting of hypertension has not been well-characterized in the general US adult population.

Methods: We measured NT-proBNP in stored blood samples collected from participants 1 year or older who participated in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In adults 20 years or older without a history of cardiovascular disease, we assessed the prevalence of elevated NT-pro-BNP by blood pressure (BP) treatment and control categories.

The incidence of shoulder arthroplasty infection presents a substantial economic burden in the United States: a predictive model.

Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a major cause of morbidity after shoulder arthroplasty. Prior national database studies have estimated the trends of shoulder PJI up to 2012. Since 2012, the landscape of shoulder arthroplasty has changed drastically with the expanding popularity of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Refining United States Sexual Minority Adult Population Estimates with the Inclusion of "Something Else" and "Don't Know" Survey Responses.

To refine estimates of the U.S. sexual minority population, we sought to characterize trends in the odds of respondents selecting "something else" or "don't know" when asked about sexual orientation on the National Health Interview Survey and to reclassify those respondents likely to be sexual minority adults.

Ski and snowboard injury patterns in the United States from 2010 to 2020 in pediatric patients.

Background: Children and adolescents are at higher risk of injuries from winter sports like skiing and snowboarding which can cause severe lifelong debilitation and death.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to perform a nationwide analysis of pediatric skiing and snowboarding injuries to identify patterns regarding patient demographics, type of injuries, outcomes, and admission rates.

Study Design: Descriptive Epidemiological Study.

Dietary patterns in rural and metropolitan Australia: a cross-sectional study exploring dietary patterns, inflammation and association with cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Objectives: This study sought first to empirically define dietary patterns and to apply the novel Dietary Inflammation Score (DIS) in data from rural and metropolitan populations in Australia, and second to investigate associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Rural and metropolitan Australia.

Healthcare utilization and cost barriers among U.S. childhood cancer survivors.

Background: To evaluate healthcare utilization and cost barrier patterns among childhood cancer survivors (CCS) compared with noncancer controls.

Procedure: Using the 2014-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we identified CCS < 50 years and matched controls. We used chi-squared tests to compare characteristics between the two groups.

Associations Between Vascular Risk Factor Levels and Cognitive Decline Among Stroke Survivors.

Importance: Incident stroke is associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Whether poststroke vascular risk factor levels are associated with faster cognitive decline is uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate associations of poststroke systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels with cognitive decline.

Impacts of COVID-19 on mental health in the US: evidence from a national survey.

Background: Studies have reported substantial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, but little is known whether the impacts of COVID on individuals, such as being tested for COVID or experiencing disruptions to healthcare utilization, would affect their mental health differently.

Aims: To examine the impacts of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety disorders among US adults.

Methods: We included 8098 adults with no prior mental health problems using data from the National Health Interview Survey (2019-2020).

Quality Matters: Examining the Impact of Nurse Staffing Challenges on Clinical Outcomes.

Goal: The purpose of this study was to examine nurse staffing while describing the relationships that exist in staffing and quality associated with nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic, a significantly challenging time for nurse staffing. We examined the relationship between permanent registered nurse (RN) and travel RN staffing during the pandemic and the nursing-sensitive outcomes of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), falls, and hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) and length of stay and compared the cost of CAUTIs, CLABSIs, falls, and HAPIs in fiscal years 2021 and 2022.

Methods: We used a descriptive, observational design to retrospectively examine permanent nurse staffing volume and CAUTI, CLABSI, HAPI, and fall counts from October 1, 2019, to February 28, 2022, and travel nurse volume for the most current 12 months, April 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022.

Assessing behavioral economic biases among young adults who have increased likelihood of acquiring HIV: a mixed methods study in Baltimore, Maryland.

Background: Behavioral economic (BE) biases have been studied in the context of numerous health conditions, yet are understudied in the field of HIV prevention. This aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of four common BE biases-present bias, information salience, overoptimism, and loss aversion-relating to condom use and HIV testing in economically-vulnerable young adults who had increased likelihood of acquiring HIV. We also qualitatively examined participants' perceptions of these biases.

AddREssing Social Determinants TO pRevent hypErtension (The RESTORE Network): Overview of the Health Equity Research Network to Prevent Hypertension.

Background: The American Heart Association funded a Health Equity Research Network on the prevention of hypertension, the RESTORE Network, as part of its commitment to achieving health equity in all communities. This article provides an overview of the RESTORE Network.

Methods: The RESTORE Network includes five independent, randomized trials testing approaches to implement non-pharmacological interventions that have been proven to lower blood pressure (BP).