Acceptability of a dapivirine levonorgestrel vaginal ring in two Phase 1 trials (MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019): Implications for multipurpose prevention technology development.

End-user feedback early in product development is important for optimizing multipurpose prevention technologies for HIV and pregnancy prevention. We evaluated the acceptability of the 90-day dapivirine levonorgestrel ring (DPV-LNG ring) used for 14 days compared to a dapivirine-only ring (DVR-200mg) in MTN-030/IPM 041 (n = 23), and when used for 90 days cyclically or continuously in MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 (n = 25). We enrolled healthy, non-pregnant, HIV-negative women aged 18-45 in Pittsburgh, PA and Birmingham, AL (MTN-030 only).

Diabetes Mellitus Is Not a Risk Factor for Difficult Intubation Among Critically Ill Adults: A Secondary Analysis of Multicenter Trials.

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with greater difficulty of tracheal intubation in the operating room. This relationship has not been examined for tracheal intubation of critically ill adults. We examined whether diabetes mellitus was independently associated with the time from induction of anesthesia to intubation of the trachea among critically ill adults.

Patient preferences for location of cancer surgery in a community cancer affiliate network.

Purpose: Cancer centers are increasingly affiliating with regional hospitals, creating hub-spoke models for care delivery. Patient perspectives on accessing surgical cancer care within these systems are not well understood. The study purpose was to understand patient perceptions of hub-spoke models of care delivery and how they influence decisions regarding where to seek surgical care for cancer.

Improving Time to Completion of Medical Student Clerkship Evaluations.

Background And Objectives: Medical student clinical clerkship evaluations provide feedback for growth and contribute to the clerkship grade and the student's residency application. Their importance is expected to increase even more with the recent change of the US Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 to a pass/fail designation. Timely completion of medical student clerkship evaluations is a problem.

Artificial intelligence in emergency and trauma radiology: ASER AI/ML expert panel Delphi consensus statement on research guidelines, practices, and priorities.

Background: Emergency/trauma radiology artificial intelligence (AI) is maturing along all stages of technology readiness, with research and development (R&D) ranging from data curation and algorithm development to post-market monitoring and retraining.

Purpose: To develop an expert consensus document on best research practices and methodological priorities for emergency/trauma radiology AI.

Methods: A Delphi consensus exercise was conducted by the ASER AI/ML expert panel between 2022-2024.

Improving Blood Pressure Control and Tobacco Use Cessation Intervention In Primary Care: Protocol for the Alabama Cardiovascular Cooperative Heart Health Improvement Project.

Background: Alabama has the second highest rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality of any US state and a high prevalence of CVD risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. Within the state, there are disparities in CVD outcomes and risk factors by race or ethnicity and geography. Many primary care practices do not have the capacity for full-scale quality improvement (QI) initiatives.

Brexpiprazole and Sertraline Combination Treatment in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: New pharmacotherapy options are needed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Objective: To investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of brexpiprazole and sertraline combination treatment (brexpiprazole + sertraline) compared with sertraline + placebo for PTSD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a parallel-design, double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted from October 2019 to August 2023.

The Ubiquity of Cognitive Impairment in Human Illness: a Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses.

Objective: Cognitive dysfunction occurs in many neurological, psychiatric, and other health conditions. This review aimed to characterize the breadth and degree of cognitive morbidity associated with varied health conditions.

Method: We systematically reviewed Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for meta-analyses of cognitive dysfunction associated with any health condition.

Therapeutic Clinical Trial Eligibility and Enrollment among Women with Breast Cancer: Implications for Understanding Trial Disparities.

Introduction: Therapeutic clinical trials frequently lack diverse representation, hindering generalizability and exacerbating preexisting disparities in clinical outcomes. This study explored associations between breast cancer patient demographics, clinical trial eligibility, and enrollment in a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center.

Patients And Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients with breast cancer screened for therapeutic clinical trials from July 2020 to January 2024.

Cognitive behavioral digital therapeutic effects on distress and quality of life in patients with cancer: National randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Cancer-specific psychological interventions like cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) demonstrate distress (e.g., anxiety/depression) and quality of life (QoL) benefits.

The Backup That Led to a Blackout: Syncope and Severe Constipation.

Syncope is a common presentation in the emergency department (ED); however, it is rarely due to stercoral proctocolitis causing inferior vena cava (IVC) compression. We describe the case of a young male patient who presented to the ED after having a syncopal episode. Through obtaining a detailed history and physical exam, he was found to have abdominal distention and endorsed constipation.

Management of common pediatric ear complaints in the emergency department.

The clinical presentation for ear complaints can often overlap with other common pediatric conditions. As such, the differential diagnosis for ear complaints is broad, warranting a thorough history and targeted physical examination. Optimizing the approach for a definitive ear examination is essential when evaluating a pediatric patient with an ear concern.

Cognitive Intra-individual Variability in Cognitively Healthy APOE ε4 Carriers, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease: a Meta-analysis.

Intra-individual variability (IIV) quantifies an individual's scatter in performances across a test battery (dispersion) or across reaction times within a single task (consistency). No studies have meta-analyzed the cross-sectional IIV literature in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). An additional aim of this meta-analysis was to examine IIV in APOE ε4 + healthy control (HC) samples.

Prevent and report: a qualitative inquiry of student and faculty recommendations for preventing and reporting learner mistreatment.

Many medical schools in the United States (US) have employed policies and programming to prevent mistreatment and encourage students to report mistreatment events. Yet, there is little evidence showing a large-scale decrease in mistreatment behaviors overall, and, in many cases, mistreatment events go unreported. This study examines views from medical students and faculty for preventing mistreatment during medical training, as well as strategies for encouraging learners to report mistreatment events when they occur.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Macular Neovascularization Secondary to Focal Choroidal Excavation.

To highlight the use of multimodal imaging for detecting and monitoring macular neovascularization (MNV) in the presence of focal choroidal excavation. A case and its findings were analyzed. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed in a 30-year-old Asian woman with metamorphopsia in the left eye.