Methods of identifying surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Current data suggests potential benefit of earlier surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) however this requires accurate prognostication early in the disease course. This study aims to identify and determine the effectiveness of previously reported methods or tests for the identification of surgical NEC.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis with registration on PROSPERO including articles describing a method of identifying surgical NEC.

A targeted gene panel illuminates pathogenesis in young people with unexplained kidney failure.

Background: Kidney failure in young people is often unexplained and a significant proportion will have an underlying genetic diagnosis. National Health Service England pioneered a comprehensive genomic testing service for such circumstances accessible to clinicians working outside of genetics. This is the first review of patients using this novel service since October 2021, following its introduction into clinical practice.

Seizure control via pH manipulation: a phase II double-blind randomised controlled trial of inhaled carbogen as adjunctive treatment of paediatric convulsive status epilepticus (Carbogen for Status Epilepticus in Children Trial (CRESCENT)).

Background: Paediatric convulsive status epilepticus is the most common neurological emergency presenting to emergency departments. Risks of resultant neurological morbidity and mortality increase with seizure duration. If the seizure fails to stop within defined time-windows, standard care follows an algorithm of stepwise escalation to more intensive treatments, ultimately resorting to induction of general anaesthesia and ventilation.

Current surgical approaches to pediatric renal tumors.

Pediatric renal tumors are among the most common pediatric solid malignancies. Surgical resection is a key component in the multidisciplinary therapy for children with kidney tumors. Therefore, it is imperative that surgeons caring for children with renal tumors fully understand the current standards of care in order to provide appropriate surgical expertise within this multimodal framework.

Managing well-being in paediatric critical care: a multiperspective qualitative study of nurses' and allied health professionals' experiences.

Objectives: It is well evidenced that healthcare professionals working in paediatric critical care experience high levels of burn-out, compassion fatigue and moral distress. This worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work examines the nature of challenges to workplace well-being and explores what well-being means to staff.

Cultural and social attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and factors associated with vaccine acceptance in adults across the globe: A systematic review.

Objectives: To identify and synthesise evidence on cultural and social attitudes towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and factors associated with vaccine acceptance in the adult population.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: Six electronic databases were searched (CINAHL, Coronavirus Research Database, Embase, MEDLINE, Nursing and Allied Health Database, and Web of Science Core Collection).

'Will anybody listen?' Parents' views on childhood asthma care: a qualitative study.

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, resulting in considerable morbidity and healthcare utilisation, especially in geographical areas with high deprivation. Parents play a pivotal role in children's asthma management.

Aim: To explore the views of parents whose children have asthma, regarding barriers and facilitators to receiving adequate asthma care.

Enhanced CD95 and interleukin 18 signalling accompany T cell receptor Vβ21.3+ activation in multi-inflammatory syndrome in children.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a post-infectious presentation SARS-CoV-2 associated with expansion of the T cell receptor Vβ21.3+ T-cell subgroup. Here we apply muti-single cell omics to compare the inflammatory process in children with acute respiratory COVID-19 and those presenting with non SARS-CoV-2 infections in children.

A rapid systematic review of breakthrough pain definitions and descriptions.

Background: Breakthrough pain is common in life-limiting conditions and at end-of-life. Despite over 30 years of study, there is little consensus regarding the definition and characteristics of breakthrough pain.

Objective: This study aims to update and expand a 2010 systematic review by Haugen and colleagues to identify (1) all definitions of breakthrough pain and (2) all descriptions and classifications of breakthrough pain reported by patients, caregivers, clinicians, and experts.

Transcriptomic analysis of the effect of remote ischaemic conditioning in an animal model of necrotising enterocolitis.

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) has a complex pathophysiology but the common end-point is ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and intestinal necrosis. We have previously reported that RIC significantly reduces the intestinal injury in a rat model of NEC. Here we describe the changes in intestinal mRNA occurring in the intestine of animals exposed to IRI, both with and without RIC.

Bilateral remote ischemic conditioning in children: A two-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in young children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Objective: The study objective was to determine whether adequately delivered bilateral remote ischemic preconditioning is cardioprotective in young children undergoing surgery for 2 common congenital heart defects with or without cyanosis.

Methods: We performed a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial at 2 centers in the United Kingdom. Children aged 3 to 36 months undergoing tetralogy of Fallot repair or ventricular septal defect closure were randomized 1:1 to receive bilateral preconditioning or sham intervention.

Collaborative Recognition of Wellbeing Needs: A Novel Approach to Universal Psychosocial Screening on the Neonatal Unit.

Universal screening for the psychological needs of families in neonatal care is internationally recommended, but is not routinely practiced in the United Kingdom (UK). The present quality improvement project explores the clinical and operational feasibility of a novel approach to universal screening on a neonatal intensive care unit in the UK. The approach to screening taken adopts collaborative, strengths-based and dialogical methods for recognising the psychological needs of families whose baby is in hospital.

Clinician and parent views on urine collection in precontinent children in the UK: a qualitative interview study.

Objective: To explore the experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and parents of urine collection methods, to identify barriers to successful sampling and what could improve the process.

Design: Qualitative research, using individual semistructured interviews with HCPs and parents. The interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.

Definition and Assessment of Paediatric Breakthrough Pain: A Qualitative Interview Study.

Infants, children and young people with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions often experience acute, transient pain episodes known as breakthrough pain. There is currently no established way to assess breakthrough pain in paediatric palliative care. Anecdotal evidence suggests that it is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated, resulting in reduced quality of life.

Seizures as presentation of shunt malfunction: tertiary paediatric neurosurgery experience.

Aim: Patients with a background of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-diverting shunts are frequently investigated for shunt malfunction when presenting with seizures. However, there is very limited evidence in the literature regarding the association of seizures and shunt malfunction. We sought to determine the incidence of shunt malfunction in our cohort of shunted paediatric patients presenting with seizures, and the utility of seizures as a marker of shunt malfunction.

Bleeding control improves after switching to emicizumab: Real-world experience of 177 children in the PedNet registry.

Introduction: Despite the rapid uptake of emicizumab in the paediatric haemophilia A (HA) population, real-world data on the safety and efficacy is limited.

Aim: To report on bleeding and safety in paediatric patients receiving emicizumab prophylaxis.

Methods: Data were extracted from the multicentre prospective observational PedNet Registry (NCT02979119).

The diagnostic workup of children with the radiologically isolated syndrome differs by age and by sex.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spinal MRIs are often obtained in children with the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) for diagnosis and prognosis. Factors affecting the frequency and timing of these tests are unknown.

Objective: To determine whether age or sex were associated with (1) having CSF or spinal MRI obtained or (2) the timing of these tests.

International Prognostic Score for Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Purpose: Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare cancer, and large international cooperative efforts are needed to evaluate the significance of clinical risk factors and immunoarchitectural patterns (IAPs) for all stages of pediatric and adult patients with NLPHL.

Methods: Thirty-eight institutions participated in the Global nLPHL One Working Group retrospective study of NLPHL cases from 1992 to 2021. We measured progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), transformation rate, and lymphoma-specific death rate.

Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries in Utero: Morphological Spectrum, Outcomes and Pitfalls in Fetal Diagnosis.

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare malformation with diverse morphology. We assessed features of fetuses with ccTGA and evaluated neonatal and pediatric outcomes. This was a retrospective review of fetuses with ccTGA at Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital born from 2005 to 2019.

The Outcome of A Centralization Program in Biliary atresia: 20 years and beyond.

Objective: Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare disease and reported outcomes of surgical management, typically a Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE), vary considerably across the world. Centralization has been proposed to improve this.

Summary Background Data: A national centralization programme was started in Jan.

Behavioural, developmental and psychological characteristics in children with germline PTEN mutations: a carer report study.

Background: PTEN is primarily known as a tumour suppressor gene. However, research describes higher rates of difficulties including intellectual disability and difficulties relating to autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) in people with germline PTEN mutations. Other psychological characteristics/experiences are less often reported and are explored in this study.