Surgical and Pathological Results Following Neoadjuvant Nivolumab and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Resectable NSCLC: A Multicentre Real-World Series From England.

Background: To evaluate the real-world surgical and pathological outcomes following neoadjuvant nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy in a multicentre national cohort of patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis on consecutive patients treated in three tertiary referral hospitals in UK with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy (nivolumab) for stage II-IIIB nonsmall cell lung cancer (March 2023-May 2024). Surgical and pathological outcomes were assessed.

Dietary Inflammatory Score and Incident Heart Failure in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.

Background: Inflammation plays a key role in the development of heart failure (HF), and diet is a known modifiable factor that modulates systemic inflammation. The dietary inflammatory score (DIS) is a tool to quantify the inflammatory components of diet. We sought to determine whether the DIS is associated with incident HF events.

Eighth Annual Society of Thoracic Surgeons Pedimacs Report.

Background: The Pediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support (Pedimacs), supported by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, provides detailed information on pediatric patients supported with ventricular assist devices (VADs).

Methods: From September 19, 2012, to December 31, 2023, there were 1648 devices in 1349 patients (<19 years) from 39 North American Hospitals with 100 patients enrolled in 2023.

Results: Cardiomyopathy was the most common underlying etiology (59%), followed by congenital heart disease (26%) and myocarditis (8%).

Circulating monocytes upregulate CD52 and sustain innate immune function in cirrhosis unless acute decompensation emerges.

Background & Aims: Infectious complications determine the prognosis of cirrhosis patients. Their infection susceptibility relates to the development of immuneparesis, a complex interplay of different immunosuppressive cells and soluble factors. Mechanisms underlying the dynamics of immuneparesis of innate immunity remain inconclusive.

Inhibition of emotional faces in clinical and subclinical depression.

Impaired inhibition of emotional material is an important cognitive component of depression. The current aim was to determine if participants with major depression (MDD) and/or subclinical depression (dysphoria) exhibit impaired inhibition of sad faces on a face-word variant of the Stroop task. Study 1: patients with MDD (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 32) were presented with positive and negative words superimposed across happy, sad, and neutral faces.

Reduced GATA3 expression during breast cancer progression: A potential anchor for pulmonary metastatic deposition.

Estrogen receptor (ER) is a direct and reciprocal target gene for GATA3. Previous studies have shown that higher GATA3 expression in primary breast cancer (BC) is associated with a reduced probability of developing lung metastasis when compared to those with metastatic recurrence to other organs. Further, GATA3 downregulates several genes promoting BC lung metastasis and upregulates genes encoding known inhibitors of lung metastasis.

Characterization of Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome in a Mouse Model Using [18F]F- Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography.

Ionizing radiation on the skin has the potential to cause various sequelae affecting quality of life and even leading to death due to multi-system failure. The development of radiation dermatitis is attributed to oxidative damage to the skin's basal layer and alterations in immune response, leading to inflammation. Past studies have shown that [18F]F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([18F]F-FDG PET/CT) can be used effectively for the detection of inflammatory activity, especially in conditions like hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, and early atherosclerosis.

Body Composition at Diagnosis and Early Response in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Background: The association between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (body composition) and early response using positron emission tomography (PET) in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) remains unstudied.

Methods: Patients enrolled on Children's Oncology Group studies AHOD0031 (intermediate-risk HL) and AHOD0831 (high-risk HL) with digital abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans at diagnosis and PET scans after 2 cycles (PET2) were included. Two consecutive slices at the third lumbar vertebra were identified and skeletal muscle index (SMI, in cm2/m2) and total adipose tissue index (TATI, in cm2/m2) were calculated using sliceOmatic (Magog, Canada) and height at diagnosis.

Overview of point-of-care diagnostic options for detection of : current technology and implementation considerations.

Introduction: continues to be the most common bacterial infection worldwide and rates continue to increase despite long-standing control efforts. Point of care (POC) testing options may offer improvements in case finding that lead to improved control of this sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Areas Covered: This review will provide information on the three tests that have US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance and describe assays in the developmental pipeline.

Embracing the mental health challenges of uterus transplant candidates.

Uterus transplantation (UTx) has emerged from clinical trials and is expected to become the standard of care for uterine factor infertility. Uterus transplant candidates historically have had to meet strict eligibility criteria to participate in clinical trials. Continued application of psychologic selection criteria from clinical trial may hinder the expansion of UTx.

Adaptation of clinical bacteriology techniques for remote polar research.

Unlabelled: Remote polar regions offer unique opportunities and significant challenges for antimicrobial resistance research in a near-pristine environment. While core microbiology techniques continue to have an important role in supporting environmental research, the severe cold climate presents considerable challenges to laboratory research. We explore adaptations required for core bacteriology investigations in polar regions on an unsupported remote expedition c.

Proteomic analysis reveals dysregulation of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex auto-inflammatory disease affecting the brain and spinal cord, which results in axonal de-myelination and symptoms including fatigue, pain, and difficulties with vision and mobility. The involvement of the immune system in the pathology of MS is well established, particularly the adaptive T cell response, and there has been a particular focus on the IL-17-producing subset of Th17 cells and their role in driving disease. However, the importance of innate immune cells has not been so well characterised.

Seizure outcomes after resection of temporal encephalocele in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Temporal encephaloceles (TEs) are seen in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE); yet they are also common incidental findings. Variability in institutional pre-surgical epilepsy practices and interpretation of epileptogenic network localization contributes to bias in existing epilepsy cohorts with TE, and therefore the relevance of TE in DRE remains controversial. We sought to estimate effect sizes and sample sizes necessary to demonstrate clinically relevant improvements in seizure outcome with different surgical approaches.

Efficacy and safety of daprodustat in patients on peritoneal dialysis in the ASCEND-D trial.

Background And Hypothesis: Daprodustat, an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, is approved for treatment of anemia in dialysis patients with CKD in some parts of the world. This subgroup analysis examined the efficacy and safety of daprodustat versus darbepoetin alfa in patients with anemia of CKD undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods: ASCEND-D (NCT02879305) was an open-label, Phase 3 trial; patients with CKD were randomized to daprodustat daily and epoetin alfa (HD patients) or darbepoetin alfa (PD patients).

Digital neural loops - a common anatomical surprise.

In a recent operation, we unexpectedly encountered a digital neural loop in the palm. To our surprise we found out that these have a high prevalence but a survey that we carried out showed that there is a low clinical awareness of them. V.

Examining Healthy Lifestyles as a Mediator of the Association Between Socially Determined Vulnerabilities and Incident Heart Failure.

Background: Increased burden of socially determined vulnerabilities (SDV), which include nonmedical conditions that contribute to patient health, is associated with incident heart failure (HF). Mediators of this association have not been examined. We aimed to determine if a healthy lifestyle mediates the association between SDV and HF.

PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations in Mortality Risk Prediction: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: The Predicting Risk of CVD Events (PREVENT) equations were developed to address limitations of the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCEs) in predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. The comparative effectiveness of the PREVENT equations versus the PCEs in predicting mortality risk remains unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the risk discrimination value of the PREVENT equations with the PCEs for predicting mortality.

Demographics, psychiatric comorbidities, and hospital outcomes across eating disorder types in adolescents and youth: insights from US hospitals data.

Objective: The aim of our study was to delineate the differences in demographics, comorbidities, and hospital outcomes by eating disorder types in adolescents and transitional-age youth (15-26 years), and measure the association with psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the nationwide inpatient sample (2018-2019) and included 7,435 inpatients (age 12-24 years) with a primary diagnosis of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (AN, 71.7%), bulimia nervosa (BN, 4.

Advancing road safety strategy development: A data-driven multi-objective optimisation integrated approach.

Road traffic accidents pose a significant global health concern, with an alarming 1.19 million fatalities reported in 2021. Traditionally, strategies to address this challenge have relied on expert input and subjective evaluations.

Effectiveness of Acetazolamide in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of acetazolamide as an adjunctive diuretic therapy in acute heart failure (AHF) patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, identifying seven studies (five randomized controlled trials and two observational studies) that met the eligibility criteria. The analysis revealed that acetazolamide significantly enhanced mean natriuresis (mean differences (MD) 52.

Mapping the scarcity of data on antibiotics in natural and engineered water environments across India.

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern, increasingly recognized as a silent pandemic across the globe. Therefore, it is important to monitor all factors that could contribute to the emergence, maintenance and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Environmental antibiotic pollution is thought to be one of the contributing factors.

'It Feels Very Weird and Normal at the Same Time': Sibling Perceptions of Their Relationships With an Autistic Brother or Sister With Complex Care Needs.

Background: The impact of having a disabled brother or sister on siblings' psychological well-being and sibling relationships has been the subject of several research studies. However, research which focuses on the relationship between siblings and their autistic brother or sister with an intellectual disability and complex care needs is rare. We explored siblings' views and experiences of their sibling relationship with their autistic brother or sister with complex care needs.

Laser hair depilation therapy for pilonidal sinus disease: A 5-year, retrospective experience in a University Teaching Hospital in the UK, 2017-2023.

Background: Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a chronic debilitating condition predominantly affecting young men. Laser hair depilation is an established adjunct to surgical treatment for PSD and can lead to reduced rates of recurrence, and post-surgical interventions.This study aimed to assess the outcome of laser hair depilation therapy on disease progression in pilonidal sinus disease patients at the Birmingham Skin Regional Laser Centre.

An ALE meta-analysis of the neural evidence of facial emotion processing in autism.

Objective: Facial emotion recognition is central to successful social interaction. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in this area. However, neuroimaging evidence on facial emotion processing in ASD has been diverse.

Physical activity and quality of life among breast cancer survivors: Pink SWAN.

Purpose: To describe physical activity (PA) trajectories across 10 years post-breast cancer diagnosis and examine their association with quality of life (QoL).

Methods: Participants from the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation who developed incident breast cancer completed the Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors scale (QLACS) which has 12 domains. Breast cancer survivors (BCS) with at least one post-diagnosis measure of the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (PA) were included (n = 96).