Pan-PPAR agonist lanifibranor improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in patients with T2D and MASLD.

Background & Aims: Lanifibranor is a pan-PPAR agonist that improves glucose/lipid metabolism and reverses steatohepatitis and fibrosis in adults with MASH. We tested its effect on insulin resistance at the level of different target tissues in relationship to change in intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content.

Methods: This phase 2, single center, study randomized (1:1) 38 patients with T2D and MASLD to receive lanifibranor 800 mg or placebo for 24 weeks.

The impact of specialist cardiology inpatient care on the long-term outcomes of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI): A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Specialist cardiac care has been shown to reduce inpatient mortality following non-ST segment myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), but whether this benefit extends beyond index admission is unclear.

Methods: Using the linked Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) registry, and Office for National Statistics mortality recording, we included 425,205 NSTEMI patients admitted to UK hospitals, between January 2005 and March 2019 that survived to discharge. 217,964 (52 %) were admitted to a specialty cardiac ward.

Association Between Blood Type and Mortality Among Severely Injured Patients Enrolled in the Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios Trial.

Introduction: Previous studies suggested that type O blood may be associated with increased mortality and/or thrombotic complications among trauma patients. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the relationship between endogenous blood type, mortality, and complications among patients receiving massive transfusions, using data from the Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios trial.

Materials And Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios trial that included patients with the reported blood type (A, AB, B, or O) data.

Association of experienced stigma in healthcare settings with health outcomes among Black women living with HIV: Mediating roles of internalized stigma, anticipated stigma, and trust in HIV care.

Background: Black women living with HIV (WLHIV) often have suboptimal ART adherence due to a multitude of social and structural barriers, including HIV-related stigma. Trust in healthcare providers plays a significant role in adhering to ART and is likely lower among Black WLHIV compared to their White counterparts. This study examined the relationship between experienced stigma in healthcare settings and ART adherence and viral suppression through anticipated stigma in healthcare settings, internalized stigma, and medical mistrust.

Brain Transcriptome Changes Associated With an Acute Increase of Protein O-GlcNAcylation and Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease.

Enhancing protein O-GlcNAcylation by pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) has been considered as a strategy to decrease tau and amyloid-beta phosphorylation, aggregation, and pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is still more to be learned about the impact of enhancing global protein O-GlcNAcylation, which is important for understanding the potential of using OGA inhibition to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the acute effect of pharmacologically increasing O-GlcNAc levels, using the OGA inhibitor Thiamet G (TG), in normal mouse brains.

Design and validation of cell-based potency assays for frataxin supplementation treatments.

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a multisystem, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the frataxin () gene. As FRDA is considered an FXN deficiency disorder, numerous therapeutic approaches in development or clinical trials aim to supplement FXN or restore endogenous expression. These include gene therapy, protein supplementation, genome editing or upregulation of transcription.

Using a participatory approach to identify priorities to advance LHS implementation at an academic medical center.

Introduction: Like many other academic medical centers, the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) aspires to adopt learning health system (LHS) principles and practices more fully. Applying LHS principles establishes a culture where clinical and operational practices constantly generate questions and leverage information technology (IT) and methodological expertise to facilitate systematic evaluation of care delivery, health outcomes, and the effects of improvement initiatives. Despite the potential benefits, differences in priorities, timelines, and expectations spanning an academic medical center's clinical care, administrative operations, and research arms create barriers to adopting and implementing an LHS.

A Severely Calcified, Undilatable, Coronary Artery Stenosis: Impact of Serial Lithotripsy on Calcium Fracture and Lumen Expansion.

Percutaneous coronary intervention of a severely calcified coronary artery stenosis is associated with stent underexpansion and adverse outcomes. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a novel technology for fracturing calcified plaque in the coronary artery. We describe the first case of a severely calcified, undilatable coronary artery lesion.

NET Models Meeting 2024 white paper: the current state of neuroendocrine tumour research models and our future aspirations.

Current models for the study of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are severely limited. While (e.g.

Exercise Therapy Rescues Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Exercise Intolerance in Cardiometabolic HFpEF.

Exercise intolerance, a hallmark of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) exacerbated by obesity, involves unclear mechanisms related to skeletal muscle metabolism. In a "2-hit" model of HFpEF, we investigated the ability of exercise therapy (voluntary wheel running) to reverse skeletal muscle dysfunction and exercise intolerance. Using state-of-the-art metabolic cages and a multiomic approach, we demonstrate exercise can rescue dysfunctional skeletal muscle lipid and branched-chain amino acid oxidation and restore exercise capacity in mice with cardiometabolic HFpEF.

Blastomycosis Awareness: A Crucial Reminder Amidst the Fifth Pneumonia Episode.

Blastomycosis is a rare fungal infection endemic to North America and parts of Africa. It can be challenging to diagnose until it reaches a critical stage. We present a blastomycosis case in Alabama, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and management.

Large-scale evaluation of outcomes after a genetic diagnosis in children with severe developmental disorders.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate outcomes for clinical management after a genetic diagnosis from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study.

Methods: Individuals in the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study who had a pathogenic/likely pathogenic genotype in the DECIPHER database were selected for inclusion ( = 5010). Clinical notes from regional clinical genetics services notes were reviewed to assess predefined clinical outcomes relating to interventions, prenatal choices, and information provision.

Medicaid Expansion and Survival Outcomes Among Men With Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: Prostate cancer stands as one of the most diagnosed malignancies among men worldwide. With the recent expansion of Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), millions more Americans now have health insurance coverage, potentially influencing healthcare access and subsequent outcomes for various illnesses, including prostate cancer. Yet, the direct correlation between Medicaid expansion and cancer-specific survival among individuals with prostate cancer remains an area warranting comprehensive exploration.

Current Trends in Virtual Exercise Interventions Among People With Disabilities: A Scoping Review.

Objective: To analyze existing literature on virtual exercise interventions delivered to people with disabilities to assess effectiveness, efficiency, usability, satisfaction, and feasibility, and describe current trends that aimed to improve health outcomes among people with disabilities.

Data Sources: CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched.

Study Selection: Articles were included if they were (1) incorporated a virtual exercise intervention including people with physical disabilities and mobility limitations aged 18 years and older and (2) published between the years of 2009-August 14, 2024 with free access to full-text, peer-reviewed papers; and (3) published in English.

Variations in Octreotide Dosing in Published Reports of Sulfonylurea Toxicity: A Systematic Review, 1988-Present.

Background: Octreotide is commonly used to treat hypoglycemia due to sulfonylurea toxicity, but optimal dosing for this indication is not well defined.

Methods: We performed a systematic review to identify cases in the medical literature of octreotide use for sulfonylurea poisoning. Literature published on octreotide and sulfonylureas between octreotide's FDA approval on 10/21/1988 and 8/15/2024 was reviewed.

Accelerated epigenetic ageing after burn injury.

Individuals who suffer a major burn injury are at higher risk of developing a range of age-associated diseases prematurely leading to an increase in mortality in adult and juvenile burn injury survivors. One possible explanation is that injury is accelerating the biological ageing process. To test this hypothesis, we analysed DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from adult burn-injured patients (> 5%TBSA) upon admission to hospital and 6 months later, to calculate an epigenetic clock value which can be used to determine biological age.

CAR T access and outcomes in large B-cell lymphoma according to ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation in the UK.

Data on the impact of ethnic and socioeconomic factors on Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (access and outcomes are limited, but key to understand whether results from the registration trials are generalizable to real-world patient populations. Here, we analysed ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and referral patterns in a cohort of 314 large B-cell lymphoma patients approved for third-line CD19 CAR-T across three large UK CAR-T centres. Patients from deprived areas had a lower infusion rate compared to low deprivation areas (73% vs.

Explainable machine learning framework for cataracts recognition using visual features.

Cataract is the leading ocular disease of blindness and visual impairment globally. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved promising cataracts recognition performance based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images; however, they have poor explanations, limiting their clinical applications. In contrast, visual features extracted from original AS-OCT images and their transform forms (e.

Feasibility of robotic surgery in elderly patients with rectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

Rectal cancer's prevalence increases with an aging population, disproportionately affecting the elderly. The suitability of surgical interventions for this demographic is contentious due to underrepresentation during surgery. This study examines the practicality of utilizing Da Vinci surgery for rectal cancer patients who are 70 years and older.