Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective.

Over the last few decades, field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have demonstrated great potential across various industries, including medical, food, agriculture, environmental, and military sectors. These biosensors leverage the electrical properties of transistors to detect a wide range of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and antibodies. This article presents a comprehensive review of advancements in the architectures of FET-based biosensors aiming to enhance device performance in terms of sensitivity, detection time, and selectivity.

Therapeutic potential of Linn. in systemic lupus erythematosus: Network pharmacology and molecular modeling insights.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by multiple symptoms. The phenolic acids and other flavonoids in have anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities that are essential for managing SLE through natural sources. This study employs network pharmacology to unveil the multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms of as a complementary therapy.

Influence of Initial Film Properties in UVO-Mediated Patterning of an Elastomeric Film Using a TEM Grid.

Ultraviolet irradiation of a cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Sylgard 184 film in the presence of atmospheric oxygen (UVO) through a bare transmission electron microscope (TEM) sample holding grid is a rather simple and widely utilized technique for creating micropatterned surfaces. The surface oxidation of a Sylgard 184 film due to UVO exposure is associated with densification and the formation of a silica-like surface layer, which under a TEM grid happens only over the exposed areas of the film, resulting in a physicochemical pattern. It is known that the depth () of the features depends on the duration of UVO exposure ().

Therapeutic approaches and novel antifibrotic agents in renal fibrosis: A comprehensive review.

Renal fibrosis (RF) is one of the underlying pathological conditions leading to progressive loss of renal function and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Over the years, various therapeutic approaches have been explored to combat RF and prevent ESRD. Despite significant advances in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism(s), effective therapeutic interventions for RF are limited.

Identification of Potential Inhibitors from Medicinal Plant-based Phytochemicals for the Influential C4 Target of Diabetic Retinopathy by Molecular Docking Studies.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is the major cause of vision failure in diabetic patients, and the current treatment involves the practice of glucocorticoids or VEGF antagonists that are "off-label". A few small organic molecules against DR were discovered many years ago. Nutraceuticals are naturally available functional foods that endorse different health benefits, including vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids that can defer the development of some diseases.

Application of quality by design in optimization of nanoformulations: Principle, perspectives and practices.

Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (NDDS) based nanoformulations have emerged as promising drug delivery systems. Various NDDS-based formulations have been reported such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), nanoliposomes, solid lipid NPs, nanocapsules, liposomes, self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems, pro liposomes, nanospheres, microemulsion, nanoemulsion, gold NPs, silver NPs and nanostructured lipid carrier. They have shown numerous advantages such as enhanced bioavailability, aqueous solubility, permeability, controlled release profile, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.

A Review of Digital Twinning for Rotating Machinery.

This review focuses on the definitions, modalities, applications, and performance of various aspects of digital twins (DTs) in the context of transmission and industrial machinery. In this regard, the context around Industry 4.0 and even aspirations for Industry 5.

A patent review of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) inhibitors (2013-present).

Introduction: The processes and course of several fatal illnesses, such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurological disorders are closely correlated with HDAC8. Therefore, novel HDAC8 inhibitors represent effective therapeutic possibilities that may help treat these conditions. To yet, there are not any such particular HDAC8 inhibitors available for sale.

HFIP-Mediated, Highly Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselective Hydrofunctionalizations of Ynamides: Access to Stereodefined Alkenes Bearing Drugs and Natural Products.

We disclose a sustainable and versatile synthetic strategy for the highly chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective hydrofunctionalizations of ynamides, through its activation by a solvent, HFIP, to access a wide variety of stereodefined ketene ,, ,, ,, and , acetals in high yield at room temperature. The reaction proceeded through the formation of the reactive keteniminium ion intermediate, formed via protonation at the β-carbon of ynamide by HFIP, followed by an attack of a nucleophile (-addition) at the α-carbon. When ynamides are treated with only HFIP at room temperature, the HFIP addition products of ynamides are formed in a 100% atom-economic fashion; however, in the presence of a stronger -/-/-/-based nucleophile, the corresponding -hydroheterofunctionalized products are formed.

Polydiacetylene Liposome-Based Dual-Output Optical Sensor for ppb Level Detection of Dopamine in Solution and Solid Phases.

Dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter, plays a crucial role in regulating motor functions and emotions and can serve as a marker for several diseases. In this study, we report a highly sensitive polydiacetylenes (PDA)-based dual-output sensor for dopamine detection in both solution and solid phases that was developed by modifying PDA liposomes with boronic acid groups at the termini. This sensor exploits the high affinity between the catechol residue of dopamine and the -B(OH) group of the PDA-based probe () to form boronate ester bonds, causing a stress-induced blue-to-red color change along with a steady increase in fluorescence response at λ 622 nm.

Deep learning tight-binding approach for large-scale electronic simulations at finite temperatures with ab initio accuracy.

Simulating electronic behavior in materials and devices with realistic large system sizes remains a formidable task within the ab initio framework due to its computational intensity. Here we show DeePTB, an efficient deep learning-based tight-binding approach with ab initio accuracy to address this issue. By training on structural data and corresponding ab initio eigenvalues, the DeePTB model can efficiently predict tight-binding Hamiltonians for unseen structures, enabling efficient simulations of large-size systems under external perturbations such as finite temperatures and strain.

Green Synergy: Interplay of corporate social responsibility, green intellectual capital, and green ambidextrous innovation for sustainable performance in the industry 4.0 era.

This study delves into the interconnections among corporate social responsibility, green intellectual capital, green ambidextrous innovation, and sustainable performance, particularly in the context of Industry 4.0 and sustainability. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted, and a sample of 317 small and medium enterprises was collected.

Exocyclic and Linker Editing of Lys63-linked Ubiquitin Chains Modulators Specifically Inhibits Non-homologous End-joining Repair.

Despite the great advances in discovering cyclic peptides against protein targets, their reduced aqueous solubility, cell permeability, and activity of the cyclic peptide restrict its utilization in advanced biological research and therapeutic applications. Here we report on a novel approach of structural alternation of the exocyclic and linker parts that led to a new derivative with significantly improved cell activity allowing us to dissect its mode of action in detail. We have identified an effective cyclic peptide (CP7) that induces approximately a 9-fold increase in DNA damage accumulation and a remarkable increase in apoptotic cancer cell death compared to the reported molecule.

Constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings from its production and decay using the WW channel in proton-proton collisions at .

A study of the anomalous couplings of the Higgs boson to vector bosons, including -violation effects, has been conducted using its production and decay in the WW channel. This analysis is performed on proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC during 2016-2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 . The different-flavor dilepton final state is analyzed, with dedicated categories targeting gluon fusion, electroweak vector boson fusion, and associated production with a W or Z boson.

Cell death crosstalk in respiratory diseases: unveiling the relationship between pyroptosis and ferroptosis in asthma and COPD.

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogeneous obstructive diseases characterized by airflow limitations and are recognized as significant contributors to fatality all over the globe. Asthma accounts for about 4, 55,000 deaths, and COPD is the 3rd leading contributor of mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of these two obstructive disorders is complex and involves numerous mechanistic pathways, including inflammation-mediated and non-inflammation-mediated pathways.

Ferulic acid-g-tamarind gum/guar gum based in situ gel-forming powders as wound dressings.

The current research endeavour aimed to synthesize ferulic acid grafted tamarind gum/guar gum (FA-g-TG/GG) based powders as wound dressings, which could form in situ gels upon contact with wound exudates. In this context, variable amounts of FA were initially grafted with TG via the Steglich esterification reaction protocol and the resulting conjugates were subsequently amalgamated with GG and lyophilized to produce dry powders (F-1 - -F-3) with average particle size within 5.10-5.

Comprehensive blueprint of Salmonella genomic plasticity identifies hotspots for pathogenicity genes.

Understanding the dynamic evolution of Salmonella is vital for effective bacterial infection management. This study explores the role of the flexible genome, organised in regions of genomic plasticity (RGP), in shaping the pathogenicity of Salmonella lineages. Through comprehensive genomic analysis of 12,244 Salmonella spp.

Sulfotransferase-mediated phase II drug metabolism prediction of substrates and sites using accessibility and reactivity-based algorithms.

Sulphotransferases (SULTs) are a major phase II metabolic enzyme class contributing ~20 % to the Phase II metabolism of FDA-approved drugs. Ignoring the potential for SULT-mediated metabolism leaves a strong potential for drug-drug interactions, often causing late-stage drug discovery failures or black-boxed warnings on FDA labels. The existing models use only accessibility descriptors and machine learning (ML) methods for class and site of sulfonation (SOS) predictions for SULT.

Haloarchaeal poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate)--(3-hydroxyvalerate)] composite films reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets as a biomaterial for skin tissue engineering.

Halophilic archaea are an untapped source for a wide range of applications. This study explores the potential of a copolymer poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate)--(3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), naturally synthesized by the halophilic archaeon, E3, as a potential candidate for a tissue engineering biomaterial. Composites and blends from natural PHBV were fabricated with poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) to enhance the properties of the material.

Metal-based non-enzymatic systems for cholesterol detection: mechanisms, features, and performance.

Metal based catalysts and electrodes are versatile tools known for their redox properties, catalytic efficiency, and stability under various conditions. Despite the absence of significant scientific hurdles, the utilization of these methods in cholesterol detection, particularly in non-enzymatic approaches, has been relatively underexplored. To this end, there is a pressing need to delve deeper into existing metal-based systems used in non-enzymatic cholesterol sensing, with the goal of fostering the development of innovative practical solutions.

Solvent-Controlled, Atom-Economic, and Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Halo-Chalcogenations of Ynamides: Green Synthesis of Stereodefined Tetrasubstituted Alkenes Bearing Four Different Functional Groups.

The synthesis of stereodefined tetrasubstituted alkenes bearing four different functional groups is challenging. Herein, we disclose a 100% atom-economic and highly regio- and stereoselective halo-chalcogenations, in particular, chlorosulfenylation, bromosulfenylation, chloroselenation, and bromoselenation, of ynamides in toluene at room temperature under an aerobic atmosphere for the synthesis of a wide variety of stereodefined tetrasubstituted alkenes bearing four different functional groups in excellent yields. Notably, all the reactions are highly efficient and furnished the desired products in excellent yield (average yield >96%) and stereoselectivity (/ = 90:10 to >99:1) within a short time (15-30 min).

Deciphering the multi-target therapeutic capabilities of Linn. Compounds against systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease: a network pharmacology and molecular modelling approach.

The coexistence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a rare and hard-to-diagnose multisystem autoimmune disorder. Allopathic treatment approaches often fall short in managing both conditions simultaneously, as specific medications targeting this dual manifestation are lacking. In such instances, herbal medicine can offer a potential solution through its holistic approach.

Access to Diverse Glutamic Acid Dendrons and a Janus Peptide Dendrimer Using an Atypical Solid Phase Synthesis.

The negligible cytotoxicity of anion surface-linked dendrons makes glutamic acid-based dendrons a potential candidate for materials and biological applications. Despite the inherent drawbacks of the conventional solution phase synthesis of glutamic acid-based dendrons, there have been no advancements in these protocols. Herein, we demonstrate the first-ever convergent solid phase synthesis of dendrons, up to fourth generation, having glutamic acid branching points produced by preactivation of dicarboxylic acid groups with -hydroxysuccinimide and simultaneous coupling with amine groups of two growing peptide chains, with excellent yields (30-70%).

Wnt/beta-catenin modulation: A promising frontier in chronic kidney disease management.

Background: Being amongst the leading factors of death and distress, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has affected around 850 million people globally. The Wnt/β-catenin axis is vital for maintaining kidney homeostasis, from nephron generation to overall management. The β-catenin growth factor is typically not expressed in the adult kidney; however, its expression is found to increase under stress and injury conditions.