Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in A549 Cells Infected with H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are highly contagious pathogens that cause zoonotic disease with limited availability of antiviral therapies, presenting ongoing challenges to both public health and the livestock industry. Unveiling host proteins that are crucial to the IAV life cycle can help clarify mechanisms of viral replication and identify potential targets for developing alternative host-directed therapies. Using a four-dimensional (4D), label-free methodology coupled with bioinformatics analysis, we analyzed the expression patterns of cellular proteins that changed following H9N2 virus infection.

Diversity and Potential Cross-Species Transmission of Rotavirus A in Wild Animals in Yunnan, China.

Rotavirus A (RVA) is the primary enteric pathogen of humans and many other species. However, RVA interspecies transmission remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive screening and genotyping analysis of RVA in 1706 wild animal samples collected from various regions within Yunnan Province, China.

Immunogenicity of Type IV Pilin Proteins from in Chickens.

, the causative agent of necrotic enteritis in chickens, is controlled by in-feed antibiotics. With increasing pressure to reduce antimicrobial use, the development of alternative preventive tools is needed. Type IV pili proteins have been shown to be immunogenic in many Gram-positive bacteria.

The Structural, Biophysical, and Antigenic Characterization of the Goose Parvovirus Capsid.

Goose parvovirus (GPV) is an etiological agent of Derzsy's disease, afflicting geese and Muscovy ducks worldwide. Its high mortality rate among goslings and ducklings causes large losses to the waterfowl industry. Toward molecular and structural characterization, virus-like particles (VLPs) of GPV were produced, and the capsid structure was determined by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at a resolution of 2.

Multi-Omics Insights into Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Differential Deposition of Intramuscular and Abdominal Fat in Chickens.

Excessive abdominal fat deposition in chickens disadvantages feed conversion, meat production, and reproductive performance. Intramuscular fat contributes to meat texture, tenderness, and flavor, serving as a vital indicator of overall meat quality. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory mechanisms governing differential deposition of abdominal versus intramuscular fat is essential in breeding higher-quality chickens with ideal fat distribution.

Importance of Modulating Kynurenic Acid Metabolism-Approaches for the Treatment of Dementia.

In this article, we focus on kynurenic acid metabolism in neuropsychiatric disorders and the biochemical processes involved in memory and cognitive impairment, followed by different approaches in the fight against dementia. Kynurenic acid-a biochemical part of L-tryptophan catabolism-is synthesized from L-kynurenine by kynurenine aminotransferases. Experimental pharmacological studies have shown that elevated levels of kynurenic acid in the brain are associated with impaired learning and that lowering kynurenic acid levels can improve these symptoms.

Monitoring the Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Throughout the Broiler Production Cycle.

The extensive use of antimicrobials in broiler production is changing the bird microbiota, fostering drug-resistant bacteria, and complicating therapeutic interventions, making the problem of multidrug resistance global. The monitoring of antimicrobial virulence and resistance genes are tools that have come to assist the breeding of these animals, directing possible treatments as already used in human medicine and collecting data to demonstrate possible dissemination of multidrug-resistant strains that may cause damage to industry and public health. This work aimed to monitor broiler farms in southern Brazil, isolating samples of and classifying them according to the profile of resistance to antimicrobials of interest to human and animal health.

Genetic Determinants and Biofilm Properties Useful in Estimation of UTI Pathogenicity of the Strains Isolated from Free-Living Birds.

: According to the One Health concept, wild birds can be indicators of ecosystem pollution and disease incidence. strains are widespread worldwide, but there are still few reports on the association of human infections with a potential reservoir of highly pathogenic human strains in wild birds. Fecal with uropathogenic potential (UPEC) can be transmitted between birds and humans and may be a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Estimation of Optimal and Maximum Standardized Ileal Digestible Methionine Requirements Based on Performance for Male Broilers Aged 0 to 21 Days.

Two experiments were conducted with Ross 308 male broiler chickens to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) methionine (Met) requirement for maximum weight gain during the starter (0 to 10 days) and grower (10 to 21 days) phases. A total of 720 and 288 birds were allocated to Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, and assigned six dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets were formulated with corn, soybean meal, and synthetic amino acids to achieve varying SID Met levels (3.

The Effect of Drinking Ionized Water on the Productive Performance, Physiological Status, and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicks.

Water treatment technologies have received great attention recently, as water is the most important nutritional element, and animals consume it daily in larger quantities than those of food. The ideal water treatment affects the chemical composition and physical properties of water, having a significant positive impact on the animal's physiology, productivity, and welfare. Studies conducted on water ionization devices for broiler chickens remain limited; therefore, this study was planned to investigate the effect of ionized drinking water on the productive performance, physiological status, and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks.

Influence of spp. and Infection on Growth Performance and Toltrazuril Residues in Chickens.

Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis are among the most common diseases affecting poultry, with economic impact due to reduced production and the costs of treatment and prevention. Eimeria invasion contributes to gut damage that promotes the growth of other harmful pathogens, such as . Coccidiostats, with toltrazuril as an example, are widely used to control these infections.

Conspicuous Animals Remain Alert When Under Cover but Do Not Differ in the Temporal Course of Vigilance from Less Conspicuous Species.

Conspicuousness increases the risk of predation. One strategy to reduce this risk is to increase vigilance. We investigated the frequency of head movements as a measure of vigilance at waterholes in two related songbird species that differed in their conspicuousness: the Gouldian finch and the long-tailed finch.

Effect of Ideal Amino Acid Ratio of Arginine to Lysine on Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Growth Performance, Antibody Titers of Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis Disease, and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers.

This study aimed to assess the effects of different arginine (Arg) to lysine (Lys) ratios on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and antibody titers of Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) disease in broilers during 35 days of trial. For this purpose, a total of 816 day-old broiler birds having an average weight of 38 ± 3 g were divided into six dietary treatments in such a way that each treatment had eight replicates and each replicate had 17 birds. The treatments were 0.

Effects of Standardized Natural Citrus Extract on Growth, Gut Health, Carcass Quality, and Welfare of Broiler Chickens.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a Standardized Natural Citrus Extract (SNCE) on broiler chickens' growth performance, gut health, carcass quality, and welfare. A total of 756 one-day-old Ross 308 males were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (CTL) fed with a standard diet, and a citrus group (SNCE) fed with the same standard diet supplemented with 250 g/ton of feed of SNCE. Growth performance was recorded weekly until d 35, while mortality was recorded daily.

Athletes' Knowledge of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Their Knowledge of and Engagement with Pelvic Floor Muscle Training: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is prevalent among athletes. Investigating whether athletes are practicing pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) will assist in delineating the factors underlying the burden of PFD in this population. Additionally, investigating athletes' knowledge of PFD and knowledge of and attitudes toward PFMT may inform interventions to improve the practice of PFMT.

Treating Metabolic Dysregulation and Senescence by Caloric Restriction: Killing Two Birds with One Stone?

Cellular senescence is a state of permanent cell cycle arrest accompanied by metabolic activity and characteristic phenotypic changes. This process is crucial for developing age-related diseases, where excessive calorie intake accelerates metabolic dysfunction and aging. Overnutrition disturbs key metabolic pathways, including insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and AMP-activated protein kinase.

Bird Richness and Abundance in Urban Areas: Simulation-Based Conservation Strategies for an Italian Town.

In this study, we (a) inventoried the breeding bird community of a town located in Northern Italy using quadrat sampling, (b) quantified bird richness and abundance, (c) measured sample completeness, (d) tested whether the bird community assembly was driven by environmental filtering (i.e., local properties of every single quadrat), e) explained bird richness and abundance in light of the land cover types present in each quadrat, (f) disentangled the marginal effects of every land cover type, and (g) simulated the effects on birds of different planning decisions.

Whole-genome resequencing landscape of adaptive evolution in Relict gull (Larus relictus).

Background: The relict gull (Larus relictus, Charadriiformes, Laridae) classified as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List is defined as a first-class national protected bird in China. However, our knowledge of the evolutionary history of L. relictus is limited.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of ketamine in Rett syndrome.

Background: Preclinical studies and anecdotal case reports support the potential therapeutic benefit of low-dose oral ketamine as a treatment of clinical symptoms in Rett syndrome (RTT); however, no controlled studies have been conducted in RTT to evaluate safety, tolerability and efficacy.

Design: This was a sequentially initiated, dose-escalating cohort, placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized sequence, cross-over study of oral ketamine in 6-12-year-old girls with RTT to evaluate short-term safety and tolerability and explore efficacy.

Methods: Participants were randomized to either five days treatment with oral ketamine or matched placebo, followed by a nine-day wash-out period and then crossed-over to the opposite treatment.

Fruiting phenology affects the direction of vertical seed dispersal by mammals and birds across mountain ranges.

Vertical seed dispersal towards higher or lower altitudes is an important process for plants' adaptation to climate change. Although many plants depend on animals for seed dispersal, studies on vertical seed dispersal by animals, determined by complex animal behaviours, are scarce. Previous studies hypothesised that animals inhabiting temperate regions disperse seeds uphill in spring/summer and downhill in autumn/winter due to their seasonal movement following the altitudinal gradients in food phenology.

Soil toxicity, biochemical and histopathological alterations of the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) liver at Sharkia province, Egypt, under soil pollution.

The residual concentration of pesticides and heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, selenium, lead, cadmium, and aluminum) was measured in the soil and the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) liver from two localities at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The pesticide residues have taken the following pattern: chlorpyrifos > metalaxyl > piperonyl butoxide > thiophanate-methyl, in the soil. The residual concentration of pesticides was greater in the soil at Kafr El-Ashraf village (agricultural site) than at El-Qanayat city (garbage site) during the summer season of 2021 compared with the winter season of 2022.

Evidence of genetic determination of annual movement strategies in medium-sized raptors.

Most species of migrating birds use a combination of innate vector-based orientation programs and social information to facilitate accurate navigation during their life. A number of various interspecies hybridisations have been reported in birds. The traits of parents are expressed in hybrids in typical ways which are either intermediate, combined or heterotic.

A higher infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in soft ticks infesting domestic hens: A novel report from Pakistan.

Ticks are the second most important hematophagous ectoparasites after mosquitoes and serve as vectors for various pathogens, transmitting them to wild and domestic animals, as well as humans. Argas persicus are the soft ticks that are known to parasitize domestic poultry. Hard ticks are known to be the reservoir of Toxoplasma (T.

Emerging diseases in poultry: The role of Apolonia tigipioensis Torres and Braga, 1938 (Trombidiformes: Leeuwenhoekiidae) in avian parasitism, including the first record of parasitism in the greater rhea, Rhea americana (L., 1758) (Struthioniformes: Rheidae).

The larval chigger mite Apolonia tigipioensis Torres and Braga is an obligatory hypodermic parasite found in South America. Its parasitism can significantly affect the host's health, leading to nodular lesions that consequently result in the host's death. This species has been identified in Venezuela and northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco State), primarily infesting birds, but it can affect mammals, including humans.

Hemosporidian infection in free-living Cathartes aura (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Amazon biome, Pará State, Brazil: Parasitological, molecular, hematological, and biochemical analyses.

Hemosporidians are intracellular pathogens that infect a range of endothermic and ectothermic hosts and are transmitted by dipteran vectors. These parasites are grouped into four families: Haemoproteidae, Plasmodiidae, Leucocytozoidae, and Garniidae, with the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon being the most common in birds. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to detect the infection frequency of hemosporidians and to perform hematological and biochemical analyses in free-living turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) in the Amazon biome, Brazil.