Ocular Firework Injuries among Patients Presented to the Emergency Department During Festival Season in a Tertiary Eye Hospital.

Introduction: Fireworks can cause severe ocular injuries which can be prevented if used with proper precautions. It causes not only mechanical injuries but also thermal and chemical injuries. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of ocular firework injuries among patients presented to the emergency department during festival season in a tertiary eye hospital.

Epidemiological and Clinical Presentation of Retinoblastoma among Nepalese Children in 2019.

Suresh B.K. Rasaily  Retinoblastoma (RB) is rare but potentially fatal if left untreated.

Prevalence of visual impairment, uncorrected refractive errors and effective refractive error coverage in Koshi Province, Nepal - Rapid Assessment of Refractive Errors.

Background/objective: To determine the prevalence of visual impairment (VI), uncorrected refractive errors (URE), and effective refractive error coverage among individuals aged 15-50 years in Koshi Province, Nepal.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Koshi Province in which 4800 participants were selected from 80 clusters. The study teams visited the selected households and conducted eye examinations.

Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy under Local Anesthesia or Assisted Local Anesthesia.

Introduction: Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy (EENDCR) is effective, safe and less time consuming procedure and scar free to manage patients with epiphora. Traditionally, EENDCR is performed under general anesthesia. Limited general anesthesia facility in our country has made EENDCR surgery limited to the hospitals with GA facilities.

Orbital Tumors and Tumor like Lesions: A Hospital Based Study.

Background: Orbital tumors have rare incidence, still they play a significant role in terms of morbidity and mortality. Orbital tumors may be primary, secondary or metastatic. These consist of benign and malignant lesions with extreme variations in pediatric and adult groups.

Internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery.

Since the era when macular hole was considered untreatable, macular hole surgery has come a long way to being one of the most successful surgeries. Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling has been an essential step of macular hole surgery since the establishment of the role of ILM in the aetiopathogenesis and progression of macular hole. However, the novel technique was not all virtuous.

Positive Microbiological Stains of Corneal Scrapings among Patients with Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Keratitis, an ocular emergency, requires rapid and accurate treatment to prevent vision impairment. Wet mount direct microscopy examination of corneal scraping smear using gram and 10% potassium hydroxide stain helps in early diagnosis and treatment. The main objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of positive microbiological stains of corneal scrapings among patients with keratitis in a tertiary care centre.

Primary Congenital Glaucoma among the Children Under 3 Years of Age in the Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare vision-threatening condition of children. Primary congenital glaucoma though a rare disease it is the most common cause of childhood glaucoma with potency to cause blindness. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of the children with primary congenital glaucoma under 3 years of age in a tertiary care hospital.

Perception and Challenges of Preventive Measures of COVID-19 Among Nepalese Frontline Health Professionals: An Unexplored Realism.

Background: A new coronavirus causes COVID-19, a developing respiratory illness. Unfortunately, there is little information assessing healthcare workers' understanding of technology and preventative strategies during the Nepalese epidemic. Researchers from other subspecialties uncovered some mythical thoughts.

Antibiotic resistance in patients with chronic ear discharge awaiting surgery in Nepal.

Setting: Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, which offers ear surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).

Objective: In patients with CSOM awaiting surgery, to determine the 1) sociodemographic characteristics 2) bacterial isolates and their antibiotic resistance patterns and 3) characteristics of those refused surgery, including antibiotic resistance.

Design: A cohort study using hospital data, January 2018-January 2020.

Knowledge and awareness-based survey of COVID-19 within the eye care profession in Nepal: Misinformation is hiding the truth.

Background: Nepal was under a severe lockdown for several months in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There were concerns regarding misinformation circulating on social media. This study aimed to analyse the knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 amongst eye care professionals in Nepal during the first wave of the pandemic.

Outcome of Non-drainage Scleral Buckling in Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Introduction: Scleral buckling (SB) was the principal surgical intervention for patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) until the development of pars plana vitrectomy. The study aims to evaluate the outcome of SB without subretinal fluid (SRF) drainage in RRD.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center.

Variable presentation of diabetic papillopathy and treatment dilemma- A case series.

Introduction: Diabetic papillopathy (DP) is a diagnosis of exclusion in type 1 and type 2 diabetics with transient disc edema. It was initially described in young patients with type1 diabetes mellitus (DM) as a bilateral disease with minimal visual symptoms which resolved spontaneously. Lately, DP has been a focus of controversy because of its wide clinical spectrum.

Intra-operative scleral rupture during 23 gauge pars plana vitrectomy: a case report.

Background: Use of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) has been increasingly growing as an adjuvant in vitreo-retina surgeries. Some commonly encountered complications with its use include subretinal migration, formation of sticky silicone oil or retained PFCL in vitreous cavity and anterior chamber. Scleral rupture during PFCL injection has a rare occurrence.

Retinal Vasculitis with Macular Infarction: A Dengue-related Ophthalmic Complication.

Introduction: Dengue-associated ocular complications are increasing owing to the rising global burden of dengue fever. We intend to highlight a rare and sight-threatening complication of this disease.

Case Details: A 44-year-old male, with prior history of dengue fever, presented with diminution of vision in both eyes for 10 days.

Orbital Myocysticercosis different Presentation and Management in Eastern Nepal.

Introduction: Ocular cysticercosis is a preventable cause of blindness. It is caused by parasitic infestation caused by the larval form of Taenia solium. Poor sanitation and improper management of food and meat products are the major causes for cysticercosis infestation.

Combined Penetrating Keratoplasty Followed by Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Firecracker Induced Bilateral Corneal and Intraocular Foreign Body: A Case Report.

Firecracker induced open globe injury is a big challenge for ophthalmic surgeons. Its association with the intraocular foreign body makes the diagnosis and treatment even more difficult resulting in poor anatomical and visual outcomes. We report a case of a 35-year-old male who presented with bilateral, multiple corneal and intraocular foreign body due to firecracker explosion.

Inverted temporal internal limiting membrane flap technique for chronic large traumatic macular hole.

Various modifications of surgical techniques and surgical adjuncts are adopted with standard pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) to improve the outcome of traumatic macular hole (TMH) surgeries. We describe a successful closure of a chronic large TMH of three years duration with inverted temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique. A 36-year-old male patient had an optical coherence tomography (OCT) documented chronic macular hole (MH) for three years following blunt trauma.

Prevalence of Histopathologically Diagnosed Ophthalmic Neoplastic Lesion Among Ophthalmic Biopsies in a Pathology Laboratory of Tertiary Hospital of Nepal.

Introduction: Many vision threatening or life threatening neoplastic conditions often mimic less aggressive neoplastic or non-neoplastic inflammatory variants. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the histopathological spectrum of ophthalmic neoplastic lesions tumors in a pathology laboratory in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal over a period from November 2016 to October 2018.

Intraoperative Ocular Decompression Retinopathy During 23 Gauge Transconjunctival Vitrectomy: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report an uncommon case of intraoperative ocular decompression retinopathy (ODR).

Case Report: A 48-year-old man presented with decreased vision and pain in the left eye (LE) for 10 days following trauma with a bamboo stick. He had visual acuity of counting finger close to face in the same eye, along with corneal edema, dilated pupil and posteriorly dislocated lens.

Primary Eye Care in Eastern Nepal.

: Vision 2020 and the Global Action Plan 2013-2019 prioritise primary eye care (PEC) as an important component of reducing avoidable blindness. Studies in sub-Saharan Africa have demonstrated that current PEC provision is poor. There has been no evaluation of the current practice of PEC among primary health care workers (PHCWs) in Nepal.

Choroidal Melanoma: Our Experience.

Background: Choroidal melanomas are diagnosed in approximately 6 out of one million Americans per year, and although their incidence is low, they are the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults.

Methods: Choroidal melanoma is rare tumors and till date no such reports with sclera involvement has been reported from Nepal. It is a prospective case series.

Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in patients of primary open angle glaucoma and normal population in Nepalese population: A hospital based study.

Introduction: Central corneal thickness (CCT) is a powerful predictor of primary open angle glaucoma. Individualized risk assessment is critical for early diagnosis and management of glaucoma.

Objectives: To compare CCT and intraocular pressure in patients of primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) with those of normal population.

Congenital Microphthalmia with Orbital Cyst: A Case Series.

Microphthalmos results from incomplete invagination of the optic vesicle or closure of the embryonic fissure. We present three patients with unilateral congenital microphthalmia with cyst. None of them had vision in the affected eye since birth.