Uncovering the Significance of JNK/AKT Axis in the Autophagic Regulation of Leishmania major Infection.

The role of autophagy in host induced by infection of parasites of the Leishmania genus remains inadequately understood. Leishmania parasites modulate host macrophages to promote its survival by inducing autophagy response in the host cell. In this study, we conducted an investigation of L.

Neuroimmune communication of the cholinergic system in gut inflammation and autoimmunity.

Neuroimmune communication in the body forms a bridge between two central regulatory systems of the body, i.e., nervous and immune systems.

The cGAS-STING mediated crosstalk between innate immunity and autophagy in leishmaniasis using mathematical modeling: Uncovering new therapeutic avenues.

The present paper deals with the investigation into the cGAS-STING pathway, focusing on the signaling of interferons through mathematical modeling and identifying a significant positive feedback loop regulated by STING for activation of type 1 interferons (IFN-1). Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is responsible for detecting cytosolic DNA and initiating the STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway, which in turn causes the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. In addition to being crucial for pathogen identification, this route interacts with autophagy, a cellular mechanism that is necessary for immunological homeostasis and pathogen removal.

Immunometabolic Circuits in Infection for Advancing Host Directed Therapies.

Immuno-metabolism is a pivotal determinant in the progression of leishmaniasis. Synthetic biology-based approach has garnered significant attention as a step toward therapeutic intervention targeting host-associated factors that drive leishmaniasis. Synthetic biology entails the engineering of genetic components in an orthogonal and modular manner to precisely modulate biological systems, imparting novel functions to cells.

An anti-neoplastic tale of metformin through its transport.

Metformin is an attractive candidate drug among all the repurposed drugs for cancer. Extensive preclinical and clinical research has evaluated its efficacy in cancer therapy, revealing a mixed outcome in clinical settings. To fully exploit metformin's therapeutic potential, understanding cellular factors relevant to its transport and accumulation in cancer cells needs to be understood.

Innate Immune Response and Epigenetic Regulation: A Closely Intertwined Tale in Inflammation.

Maintenance of delicate homeostasis is very important in various diseases because it ensures appropriate immune surveillance against pathogens and prevents excessive inflammation. In a disturbed homeostatic condition, hyperactivation of immune cells takes place and interplay between these cells triggers a plethora of signaling pathways, releasing various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), Interferon-gamma (IFNƴ), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which marks cytokine storm formation. To be precise, dysregulated balance can impede or increase susceptibility to various pathogens.

Mechanistic and structural insights into vitamin B metabolizing enzyme riboflavin kinase from Leishmania donovani.

Leishmania donovani relies on specific vitamins and cofactors crucial for its survival and pathogenesis. Tailoring therapies to disrupt these pathways offers a promising strategy for the treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Current treatment regimens are limited due to drug resistance and high costs.

Mechanistic study of inhibitory peptides with SHP-1 in hypertonic environment for infection model.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, an infectious disease is globally the most prevalent form of leishmaniasis accounting for approximately 1 million cases every year as per world health organization. Infected individuals develop skin lesion which has been reported to be infiltrated by immune cells and parasite with high sodium accumulation creating hypertonic environment. In our work, we tried to mimic the hypertonic environment in virtual environment to study dynamicity of SHP-1 and NFAT5 along with their interactions through molecular dynamics simulation.