Unlocking gut-liver-brain axis communication metabolites: energy metabolism, immunity and barriers.

The interaction between the gut-microbiota-derived metabolites and brain has long been recognized in both health and disease. The liver, as the primary metabolic organ for nutrients in animals or humans, plays an indispensable role in signal transduction. Therefore, in recent years, Researcher have proposed the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis (GLBA) as a supplement to the Gut-Brain Axis.

Pleural space infection microbiology as assessed using a clinical sequencing-based assay: group, and other oral normal microbiota are the most common bacteria identified in community-acquired pleural space infections.

Unlabelled: The definition of the microbiology of pleural space infection has been challenging due to the poor yield of conventional culture. Here, the results of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR/sequencing assay performed on pleural fluid in routine clinical practice between August 2020 and January 2023 were evaluated. Amplified 16S rRNA gene DNA was submitted to Sanger sequencing and/or next-generation sequencing or results were reported as negative, depending on PCR crossing threshold value.

Immunoglobulin A Antibodies: From Protection to Harmful Roles.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundantly produced antibody in humans. IgA is a unique class of immunoglobulin due to its multiple molecular forms, and a defining difference between the two subclasses: IgA1 has a long hinge-region that is heavily O-glycosylated, whereas the IgA2 hinge-region is shorter but resistant to bacterial proteases prevalent at mucosal sites. IgA is essential for immune homeostasis and education.

Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites are altered and associated with dietary intake in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Disturbances in the gut microbiota may act as mechanisms influencing the interplay between dietary factors and metabolic disorders. Studies have demonstrated that these alterations are associated with the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Within this context, we aimed to investigate associations between gut microbiota, gut-derived metabolites (short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs] and indole-3-propionic acid [IPA]), and dietary intake in women with PCOS.

Quinolone-mediated metabolic cross-feeding develops aluminium tolerance in soil microbial consortia.

Aluminium (Al)-tolerant beneficial bacteria confer resistance to Al toxicity to crops in widely distributed acidic soils. However, the mechanism by which microbial consortia maintain Al tolerance under acid and Al toxicity stress remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a soil bacterial consortium composed of Rhodococcus erythropolis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibit greater Al tolerance than either bacterium alone.

Bacterial interactions underpin worsening lung function in cystic fibrosis-associated infections.

Unlabelled: Chronic lung infections are the primary cause of morbidity and early mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) and, as such, have been the subject of a great deal of research. Subsequently, they have become one of the key paradigms for polymicrobial infections. The literature, however, has traditionally focused on the presence of pathogens in isolation or univariate measures like number of species to predict decline of lung function and ignores large swathes of data.

Postbiotics From Lactobacillus Johnsonii Activates Gut Innate Immunity to Mitigate Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.

Prolonged alcohol consumption disrupts the gut microbiota and the immune system, contributing to the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Probiotic-postbiotic intervention strategies can effectively relieve ALD by maintaining gut homeostasis. Herein, the efficacy of heat-killed Lactobacillus johnsonii (HKLJ) in mitigating alcoholic liver damage is demonstrated in mouse models of ALD.

Phenolics-Rich Extract from Agarwood Leaf-Tea Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Via Modulating Intestinal Barrier Function, Liver Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota.

Scope: At present, the incidence rate of ulcerative colitis (UC) continues to increase, causing a global burden. In addition, therapeutic drugs have great side effects. According to modern pharmacology, agarwood leaves have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering effects.

Gut flora influences the hypothalamic-gonadal axis to regulate the pathogenesis of obesity-associated precocious puberty.

The prevalence of obesity-associated precocious puberty is gradually increasing, but the relationship between gut flora and obesity-associated precocious puberty remains unclear.We analysed the gut flora characteristics of a clinical sample of 30 girls aged 5-8 years using 16s rRNA sequencing. An obesity rat model and a rat model of gut flora transplantation were also constructed.

Beetroot juice intake positively influenced gut microbiota and inflammation but failed to improve functional outcomes in adults with long COVID: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background & Aims: Long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (long COVID) develop in a substantial number of people following an acute COVID-19 episode. Red beetroot juice may have positive effects on multiple pathways involved in long COVID. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the impact of beetroot juice supplementation on physical function, gut microbiota, and systemic inflammation in adults with long COVID.

Impact of Pristine and Aged Tire Wear Particles on and Rhizospheric Microbial Communities: Insights from a Long-Term Exposure Study.

Tire wear particles (TWPs), generated from tire abrasion, contribute significantly to environmental contamination. The toxicity of TWPs to organisms has raised significant concerns, yet their effects on terrestrial plants remain unclear. Here, we investigated the long-term impact of pristine and naturally aged TWPs on water spinach () and its rhizospheric soil.

Probiotics in piglet: from gut health to pathogen defense mechanisms.

Various problems and obstacles are encountered during pig farming, especially the weaning phase when switching from liquid to solid feed. Infection by pathogenic bacteria causes damage to the intestinal barrier function of piglets, disrupts the balance of the intestinal microbiota, and destroys the chemical, mechanical, and immune barriers of the intestinal tract, which is one of the main causes of gut inflammation or gut diseases in piglets. The traditional method is to add antibiotics to piglet diets to prevent bacterial infections.

Effects of supplementation with freeze-dried Clostridium butyricum powder after replacement of fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation with freeze-dried Clostridium butyricum (CB) powder on the growth, immune function and intestinal health of Litopenaeus vannamei after replacing fishmeal in the diet with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC). Six treatment groups were designed, namely the control group (CON, 25% fish meal) and five alternative groups (CPC replacing 40% fishmeal protein in the control group). Based on the alternative group, 0%, 0.

Altered colonic microflora and its metabolic profile in mice with acute viral myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3.

Mounting evidence suggests that the gut-heart axis is critical in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The gut serves as the primary pathway through which Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infects its host, leading to acute viral myocarditis (AVMC). However, little is known about the role of gut microflora and its metabolites in the development of AVMC.

Dietary -derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate acute colitis by regulating gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal barrier homeostasis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease with intricate pathogenesis, and clinical treatment is still not ideal. The imbalance of gut microbiota is associated with IBD progression. Various probiotics have been used as functional foods for the prevention and treatment of IBD, but the specific mechanism is still not fully understood.

Alterations of Gut Microbiome Composition and Function Pre- and Post-Adenotonsillectomy in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Importance: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is linked with alterations in the gut microbiome. The influence of adenotonsillectomy (AT), a primary intervention for OSA, on gut microbiota dynamics relative to disease severity remains to be elucidated.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of OSA severity and AT on the gut microbiome in pediatric patients.

Succinate exacerbates mastitis in mice via extracellular vesicles derived from the gut microbiota: a potential new mechanism for mastitis.

Background: A high grain diet causes an ecological imbalance in the gut microbiota and serves as an important endogenous trigger of mastitis in dairy cows, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Our previous study revealed that subacute rumen acidosis (SARA)-associated mastitis has distinct metabolic profiles in the rumen, especially a significant increase in succinate, but the role of succinate in the pathogenesis of mastitis remains unclear.

Results: Succinate treatment exacerbates low-grade endotoxemia-induced mastitis in mice.

Rosmarinic acid alleviated intestinal barrier damage caused by by regulating the gut microbiota and inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway in mice.

() is a common zoonotic foodborne pathogen that poses a major threat to public health and economic development. Rosmarinic acid (RA) can inhibit intestinal inflammation; however, the protective effect of RA against the intestinal barrier damage induced by in mice and the underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. In this study, mice were orally administered with RA (20 mg kg) by gavage for one week and then were intraperitoneally challenged with .

Timing Matters: Late, but Not Early, Exercise Training Ameliorates MASLD in Part by Modulating the Gut-Liver Axis in Mice.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects two billion people worldwide and is currently mostly treatable via lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. However, it is unclear whether the positive effects of exercise are restricted to unique circadian windows. We therefore aimed to study whether the timing of exercise training differentially modulates MASLD development.

The healing process of diabetic ulcers correlates with changes in the cutaneous microbiota.

Skin microbiota plays an essential role in the development and function of the cutaneous immune system, in the maintenance of the skin barrier through the release of antimicrobial peptides, and in the metabolism of some natural products. With the aim of characterizing changes in the cutaneous microbiota specifically associated with wound healing in the diabetic condition, we performed a 16 S rRNA gene Next Generation Sequencing of skin swabs taken within the ulcer bed of ten diabetic patients before (t0) and after 20 days of therapy (t20) with a fluorescein-based galenic treatment. Considering the twenty most representative genera, we found at t20 an increase of Corynebacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Streptococcus, and a decrease of Enterococcus, Finegoldia, and Peptoniphilus genera.

Differential contributions of the gut microbiota and metabolome to pathomechanisms in ulcerative colitis: an analysis.

The gut microbiota has been implicated in onset and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we assess potential causal involvement of the microbiota and -associated fecal water (FW) metabolome in altering key functional parameters of the colonic epithelium. Fecal samples were collected from  = 51 healthy controls (HC),  = 36 patients with active UC (UC-A), and  = 41 subjects in remission  = 41 (UC-R).

Melatonin alleviates heat stress-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction in male dairy goats by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism mediated by remodeling the gut microbiota.

Background: Heat stress (HS) commonly occurring in summer has gradually become a factor threatening the reproductive performance of male dairy goats by reducing their fecundity. Despite the melatonin is applied to relieve HS, it is still unclear whether melatonin protects against reproductive damage induced by HS in dairy goats and how it works. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the role of melatonin in alleviating HS-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction in male dairy goats and further explore its mechanism.

Y44 Complex Fermented Milk Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet by Modulating Gut Microbiota.

The benefits of fermented milk containing () Y44, known for its weight loss properties, remain unclear. For this, we evaluated the effects of the complex fermented milk (Y44-CFM), obtained through the cofermentation of cow's milk and soybean milk with Y44 and traditional starters, on high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. Our study found that the oral administration of Y44-CFM significantly reduced body weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice while also mitigating liver injury.