Chloroplast capture and range extension after hybridization in taro ().

Complete chloroplast genomes of 17 samples from six species of (Araceae) were sequenced, assembled, and aligned together with two previously reported complete genome sequences from taro (). Analysis provides a well-supported phylogenetic tree for taro and closely-related wild species in Southeast Asia. Two chloroplast lineages (CI and CII) form a well-defined haplotype group and are found in cultivated taros known as var.

Oviposition strategies in Pieridae butterflies and the role of an egg-killing plant trait therein.

Most herbivorous insects are host-plant specialists that evolved detoxification mechanisms to overcome their host plant's toxins. In the evolutionary arms-races between Pieridae butterflies and Brassicaceae plants, some plant species have evolved another defence against the pierids: egg-killing. Underneath the eggs, leaves develop a so-called hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death.

Organic matter reduces the amount of detectable environmental DNA in freshwater.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used for monitoring the occurrence of freshwater organisms. Various studies show a relation between the amount of eDNA detected and target organism abundance, thus providing a potential proxy for reconstructing population densities. However, environmental factors such as water temperature and microbial activity are known to affect the amount of eDNA present as well.