Random Illumination Microscopy: faster, thicker, and aberration-insensitive.

The Extended Depth of Field (EDF) approach has been combined with Random Illumination Microscopy (RIM) to realize aberration-insensitive, fast super-resolution imaging with extended depth, which is a promising tool for dynamic imaging in larger and thicker live cells and tissues.

Action Potential Firing Patterns Regulate Dopamine Release via Voltage-Sensitive Dopamine D2 Autoreceptors in Mouse Striatum In Vivo.

Dopamine (DA) in the striatum is vital for motor and cognitive behaviors. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons generate both tonic and phasic action potential (AP) firing patterns in behavior mice. Besides AP numbers, whether and how different AP firing patterns per se modulate DA release remain largely unknown.

Graphene-Assisted Electron-Based Imaging of Individual Organic and Biological Macromolecules: Structure and Transient Dynamics.

Characterizing the structures, interactions, and dynamics of molecules in their native liquid state is a long-existing challenge in chemistry, molecular science, and biophysics with profound scientific significance. Advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based imaging techniques with the use of graphene emerged as promising tools, mainly due to their performance on spatial and temporal resolution. This review focuses on the various approaches to achieving high-resolution imaging of individual molecules and their transient interactions.

Elucidating subcellular architecture and dynamics at isotropic 100-nm resolution with 4Pi-SIM.

Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) provides excellent optical sectioning and doubles the resolution in all dimensions compared with wide-field microscopy. However, its much lower axial resolution results in blurred fine details in that direction and overall image distortion. Here we present 4Pi-SIM, a substantial revamp of IS that synergizes 3D-SIM with interferometric microscopy to achieve isotropic optical resolution through interference in both the illumination and detection wavefronts.

New Frontiers in Asthma Chest Imaging.

Modern pulmonary imaging can reveal underlying pathological and pathophysiological changes in the lungs of people with asthma, with important clinical implications. A multitude of imaging modalities are now used to examine underlying structure/function relationships including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography, and endobronchial ultrasound. Imaging-based biomarkers from these techniques, including airway dimensions, blood vessel volumes, mucus scores, ventilation defect extent and air trapping extent, often have increased sensitivity compared to traditional lung function measurements, and are increasingly used as endpoints in clinical trials.

An integrative data-driven model simulating C. elegans brain, body and environment interactions.

The behavior of an organism is influenced by the complex interplay between its brain, body and environment. Existing data-driven models focus on either the brain or the body-environment. Here we present BAAIWorm, an integrative data-driven model of Caenorhabditis elegans, which consists of two submodels: the brain model and the body-environment model.

Mitochondrial dynamics govern whole-body regeneration through stem cell pluripotency and mitonuclear balance.

Tissue regeneration is a complex process involving large changes in cell proliferation, fate determination, and differentiation. Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism play a crucial role in development and wound repair, but their function in large-scale regeneration remains poorly understood. Planarians offer an excellent model to investigate this process due to their remarkable regenerative abilities.

Gating the Rectifying Direction of Tunneling Current through Single-Molecule Junctions.

In electronic functional chips, one of the most crucial components is the field-effect transistor (FET). To meet the urgent demands for further miniaturization of electronic devices, solid-state single-molecule transistors by molecular orbital gating have been extensively reported. However, under negative bias and positive bias, achieving a distinct gating effect is extremely challenging because molecular orbital gating is independent of the bias polarity.

π-HuB: the proteomic navigator of the human body.

The human body contains trillions of cells, classified into specific cell types, with diverse morphologies and functions. In addition, cells of the same type can assume different states within an individual's body during their lifetime. Understanding the complexities of the proteome in the context of a human organism and its many potential states is a necessary requirement to understanding human biology, but these complexities can neither be predicted from the genome, nor have they been systematically measurable with available technologies.

Self-improving generative foundation model for synthetic medical image generation and clinical applications.

In many clinical and research settings, the scarcity of high-quality medical imaging datasets has hampered the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) clinical applications. This issue is particularly pronounced in less common conditions, underrepresented populations and emerging imaging modalities, where the availability of diverse and comprehensive datasets is often inadequate. To address this challenge, we introduce a unified medical image-text generative model called MINIM that is capable of synthesizing medical images of various organs across various imaging modalities based on textual instructions.

Daily glucose variability is associated with intrahepatic fat content, β cell sensitivity, and biomarkers of glycolysis in youth with obesity.

Objective: Pediatric obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which, in turn, impacts glucose and lipid metabolism. This study sought to assess how glucose variability relates to intrahepatic fat content, β cell insulin sensitivity, and glycolysis in youth with obesity.

Methods: A total of 27 youth with obesity (11 girls, BMI percentile, median [25th-75th percentiles]: 99.

Machine learning based on event-related oscillations of working memory differentiates between preclinical Alzheimer's disease and normal aging.

Objective: To apply machine learning approaches on EEG event-related oscillations (ERO) to discriminate preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) from age- and sex-matched controls.

Methods: Twenty-two cognitively normal preclinical AD participants with elevated amyloid and 21 cognitively normal controls without elevated amyloid completed n-back working memory tasks (n = 0, 1, 2). The absolute and relative power of ERO was extracted using the discrete wavelet transform in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands.

How Do DNA Molecular Springs Modulate Protein-Protein Interactions: Experimental and Theoretical Results.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanomachines have been widely exploited in enzyme activity regulation, protein crystallization, protein assembly, and control of the protein-protein interaction (PPI). Yet, the fundamental biophysical framework of DNA nanomachines in the case of regulating protein-protein interactions remains elusive. Here, we established a DNA nanospring-mCherry model with mCherry homodimers of different .

Utilization of Electric Fields to Modulate Molecular Activities on the Nanoscale: From Physical Properties to Chemical Reactions.

As a primary energy source, electricity drives broad fields from everyday electronic circuits to industrial chemical catalysis. From a chemistry viewpoint, studying electric field effects on chemical reactivity is highly important for revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of molecular behaviors and mastering chemical reactions. Recently, manipulating the molecular activity using electric fields has emerged as a new research field.

A global sensitivity analysis of a mechanistic model of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer constrained by in vitro and in vivo imaging data.

Unlabelled: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard-of-care treatment for locally advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) before surgery. The early assessment of TNBC response to NAC would enable an oncologist to adapt the therapeutic plan of a non-responding patient, thereby improving treatment outcomes while preventing unnecessary toxicities. To this end, a promising approach consists of obtaining in silico personalized forecasts of tumor response to NAC via computer simulation of mechanistic models constrained with patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquired early during NAC.

Ultrasound Control of Genomic Regulatory Toolboxes for Cancer Immunotherapy.

There remains a critical need for the precise control of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based technologies. Here, we engineer a set of inducible CRISPR-based tools controllable by focused ultrasound (FUS), which can penetrate deep and induce localized hyperthermia for transgene activation. We demonstrate the capabilities of FUS-inducible CRISPR, CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), and CRISPR epigenetic editor (CRISPRee) in modulating the genome and epigenome.

Comparative Study of Phenolic Content and Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Unifloral Quillay Tree ( Molina) and Multifloral Honeys from Chile.

Honey is a natural sweet element that bees make with flower nectar, revered for its distinct flavor, nutritional value, and potential health benefits. Chilean beekeeping has a diverse range of honey varieties, many of which are unique. The quillay ( Molina, soapbark tree) is a Chilean endemic tree whose honey has not been studied in depth.

The Gut-Heart Axis: Molecular Perspectives and Implications for Myocardial Infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of death globally, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems and patients. The gut-heart axis, a bidirectional network connecting gut health to cardiovascular outcomes, has recently emerged as a critical factor in MI pathophysiology. Disruptions in this axis, including gut dysbiosis and compromised intestinal barrier integrity, lead to systemic inflammation driven by gut-derived metabolites like lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), both of which exacerbate MI progression.

Structural insight into Okazaki fragment maturation mediated by PCNA-bound FEN1 and RNaseH2.

PCNA is a master coordinator of many DNA-metabolic events. During DNA replication, the maturation of Okazaki fragments involves at least four DNA enzymes, all of which contain PCNA-interacting motifs. However, the temporal relationships and functional modulations between these PCNA-binding proteins are unclear.

16-channel sleeve antenna array based on passive decoupling method at 14 T.

At ultra-high fields, especially at 14 T, head coil arrays face significant challenges with coupling between elements. Although passive decoupling methods can reduce this coupling, the decoupling elements can cause destructive interference to the RF field of the head array, thus reducing the B efficiency. The B loss due to this effect can be even higher than that due to inter-element coupling.

Dual-Vibration-Assisted Charge Transport Through Hexabenzocoronene in Single-Molecule Junctions.

Gaining deep understanding and effective regulation of the charge transport mechanism within molecular junctions is essential for the development of electronic devices. In this work, a series of hexabenzocoronene-based single-molecule junctions are successfully constructed, and their temperature-dependent charge transport properties are studied. It is found that rotational vibrations of both benzene and hexabenzocoronene rings are sequentially excited as the temperature increases, and the electron-vibration coupling enhances charge tunneling.

Assessment of trochanteric vascularity using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in a cadaveric model.

Purpose: Few studies have assessed trochanteric vascularity despite its implications for bone healing and surgical approaches. This study aimed to assess the regional arterial contributions of the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) versus the lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) to trochanteric vascularity.

Methods: Ten adult human cadaveric pelvises to mid-femur specimens were obtained.