Expert consensus on apical microsurgery.

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus.

More Than the Sum of Its Parts: Disrupted Core Periphery of Multiplex Brain Networks in Multiple Sclerosis.

Disruptions to brain networks, measured using structural (sMRI), diffusion (dMRI), or functional (fMRI) MRI, have been shown in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), highlighting the relevance of regions in the core of the connectome but yielding mixed results depending on the studied connectivity domain. Using a multilayer network approach, we integrated these three modalities to portray an enriched representation of the brain's core-periphery organization and explore its alterations in PwMS. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we selected PwMS and healthy controls with complete multimodal brain MRI acquisitions from 13 European centers within the MAGNIMS network.

Investigating skeletal muscle micro-trauma with time-dependent diffusion and the random permeable barrier model.

Repeated muscle micro-trauma may cause severe muscle damage. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) exhibits sensitivity to microstructural changes in skeletal muscle. We hypothesize that longer diffusion times enhance sensitivity to micro-trauma and that membrane permeability increases with micro-trauma.

Portable UV-C device to treat high flow of infectious aerosols generated during clinical respiratory care.

Respiratory interventions including noninvasive ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure and high-flow nasal oxygen generated infectious aerosols may increase risk of airborne disease (SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus) transmission to healthcare workers. We developed and tested a prototype portable UV-C device to sterilize high flows of viral-contaminated air from a simulated patient source at airflow rates of up to 100 l/m. Our device consisted of a central quartz tube surrounded 6 high-output UV-C lamps, within a larger cylinder allowing recirculation past the UV-C lamps a second time before exiting the device.

Finding potential inhibitors from phytochemicals against nucleoprotein of crimean congo fever virus using in silico approach.

The Crimean Congo virus has been reported to be a part of the spherical RNA-enveloped viruses from the Bunyaviridae family. Crimean Congo fever (CCHF) is a fatal disease with having fatality rate of up to 40%. It is declared endemic by the World Health Organization.

Deep learning on CT scans to predict checkpoint inhibitor treatment outcomes in advanced melanoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment has proven successful for advanced melanoma, but is associated with potentially severe toxicity and high costs. Accurate biomarkers for response are lacking. The present work is the first to investigate the value of deep learning on CT imaging of metastatic lesions for predicting ICI treatment outcomes in advanced melanoma.

A truncated isoform of Connexin43 caps actin to organize forward delivery of full-length Connexin43.

While membrane proteins such as ion channels continuously turn over and require replacement, the mechanisms of specificity of efficient channel delivery to appropriate membrane subdomains remain poorly understood. GJA1-20k is a truncated Connexin43 (Cx43) isoform arising from translation initiating at an internal start codon within the same parent GJA1 mRNA and is requisite for full-length Cx43 trafficking to cell borders. GJA1-20k does not have a full transmembrane domain, and it is not known how GJA1-20k enables forward delivery of Cx43 hemichannels.

Conservation of structural brain connectivity in people with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. Structures affected in MS include the corpus callosum, connecting the hemispheres. Studies have shown that in mammalian brains, structural connectivity is organized according to a conservation principle, an inverse relationship between intra- and interhemispheric connectivity.

Reinforcement and characterization of biopolymer-rhamnolipid nanoparticles: Biocompatibility, in-vitro stability, physico-chemical, rheological and bioactive properties.

In the present study, biopolymer (chitosan and alginate)-reinforced rhamnolipid nanoparticles were prepared and represented as 'ALG-RHLP-NPs' and 'CHI-RHLP-NPs'. The sizes of the nanoparticles ranged from 150 to 300 nm. The encapsulation efficiencies of ALG-RHLP-NPs and CHI-RHLP-NPs were found to be 81.

Tissue growth as a mechanism for collagen fiber alignment in articular cartilage.

Articular cartilage is distinguished by the unique alignment of type II collagen, a feature crucial for its mechanical properties and function. This characteristic organization is established during postnatal development of the tissue, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, a potential mechanism for type II collagen alignment by cartilage-specific growth from within the tissue was investigated.

Adaptation of virtual surgical planning to midface reconstruction with intraoperative navigation: "navigation mediated midface reconstruction".

Objective: The production of 3-dimensional models and materials according to preoperative virtual surgical planning is a time-consuming process and causes high costs. We aimed to demonstrate the navigation mediated reconstruction of the patients who underwent the removal of a tumoral mass in midfacial region according to their preoperatively prepared surgical plannings.

Study Design: Patients who underwent the removal of tumoral mass and reconstruction in their midfacial region were included in the study.

An assessment of clinical reception training using standard patient and dental simulator in prosthodontic dentistry for dental undergraduates: a historical control trial.

Background: Clinical reception training plays a crucial role in developing undergraduates' clinical thinking and competence. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical reception training conducted by standard patients (SPs) and dental simulators among undergraduate students.

Materials And Methods: In the first week of the internship, sixty-five 5-year undergraduate students were divided into two groups: SP group, which received traditional theoretical training along with clinical reception training, and control group that only received traditional theoretical training.

Ecological and anthropogenic effects on the genomic diversity of lemurs in Madagascar.

Ecological variation and anthropogenic landscape modification have had key roles in the diversification and extinction of mammals in Madagascar. Lemurs represent a radiation with more than 100 species, constituting roughly one-fifth of the primate order. Almost all species of lemurs are threatened with extinction, but little is known about their genetic diversity and demographic history.

Therapeutic targeting of neuroinflammation in methamphetamine use disorder.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive illicit psychostimulant with a significant annual fatality rate. Emerging studies highlight its role in neuroinflammation and a range of neurological disorders. This review examines the current landscape of potential drug targets for managing neuroinflammation in METH use disorders (MUDs), with a particular focus on the rationale behind targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and other promising targets.

Brain Functional Characteristics in Football Players During Motor-Cognitive Dual Task: Insights From fNIRS.

Long-term training enables professional athletes to develop concentrated and efficient neural network organizations for specific tasks. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate task performance, brain functional characteristics, and their relationships in footballers during sport-specific motor-cognitive processes. Twenty-four footballers (athlete group, with 18 remaining of good signal quality) and 20 non-footballers (control group, with 16 remaining) completed four tasks: a single task (trigger buttons corresponding to the appearance direction of teammates with kicking actions), an N-back direction task, a dual task, and an N-back digit task.

Recapitulating the potential contribution of protein S-palmitoylation in cancer.

Protein S-palmitoylation is a reversible form of protein lipidation in which the formation of a thioester bond occurs between a cysteine (Cys) residue of a protein and a 16-carbon fatty acid chain. This modification is catalyzed by a family of palmitoyl acyl transferases, the DHHC enzymes, so called because of their Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) catalytic motif. Deregulation of DHHC enzymes has been linked to various diseases, including cancer and infections.

A Multiform Heterogeneity Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Based on Multimodal Neuroimaging.

Understanding the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for advancing precision medicine specifically tailored to this disorder. Recent research has deepened our understanding of AD heterogeneity, yet translating these insights from bench to bedside via neuroimaging heterogeneity frameworks presents significant challenges. In this review, we systematically revisit prior studies and summarize the existing methodology of data-driven neuroimaging studies for AD heterogeneity.

Superimposed Wavefront Imaging of Diffraction-enhanced X-rays: sparsity-aware CT reconstruction from limited-view projections.

Purpose: In this paper, we describe an algebraic reconstruction algorithm with a total variation regularization (ART + TV) based on the Superimposed Wavefront Imaging of Diffraction-enhanced X-rays (SWIDeX) method to effectively reduce the number of projections required for differential phase-contrast CT reconstruction.

Methods: SWIDeX is a technique that uses a Laue-case Si analyzer with closely spaced scintillator to generate second derivative phase-contrast images with high contrast of a subject. When the projections obtained by this technique are reconstructed, a Laplacian phase-contrast tomographic image with higher sparsity than the original physical distribution of the subject can be obtained.

A nomogram to distinguish noncardiac chest pain based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in cardiology clinic.

Background: Psychological disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are considered to be one of the causes of noncardiac chest pain (NCCP). And these patients can be challenging to differentiate from coronary artery disease (CAD), leading to a considerable number of patients still undergoing angiography. We aim to develop a practical prediction model and nomogram using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), to help identify these patients.

Spatially Preorganized Hybridization Chain Reaction for the Prompt Diagnosis of Inflammation.

Biological systems utilize precise spatial organization to facilitate and regulate information transmission within signaling networks. Inspired by this, artificial scaffolds that enable delicate spatial arrangements are desirable to increase the local concentration of reactants, expedite specific interactions, and minimize undesired interference. In this study, we presented an integrated biosensing nanodevice, termed TRI-HCR, in which hybridization chain reaction (HCR) probes were precisely organized on a triangular DNA origami nanostructure (TRI) with finely-tuned distance, quantity, and pattern.

Data sharing in circadian rhythm and mental health research: current status, challenges, recommendations and future directions.

Data sharing is a cornerstone of modern scientific research, playing a critical role in fostering greater collaboration, enhancing reproducibility, transparency and efficiency of scientific discoveries, and integrating diverse data sources. In circadian rhythm research, data sharing is particularly important due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the data, which includes molecular profiles, physiological measurements, clinical data and sensor-based data. UK research funders, such as Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust and UK Research and Innovation, have established data-sharing policies to promote open science and enhance research transparency.

Relationship Between Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures and Functional Changes in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Introduction/aims: Improved methodologies to monitor the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are needed, especially in the context of clinical trials. We report changes in muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in participants with DMD, including changes in lean muscle volume (LMV), muscle fat fraction (MFF), and muscle fat infiltration (MFI) and their relationship to changes in functional parameters.

Methods: MRI data were obtained as part of a clinical study (NCT02310763) of domagrozumab, an antibody-targeting myostatin that negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass.

BioMedGraphica: An All-in-One Platform for Biomedical Prior Knowledge and Omic Signaling Graph Generation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing scientific discovery because of its super capability, following the neural scaling laws, to integrate and analyze large-scale datasets to mine knowledge. Foundation models, large language models (LLMs) and large vision models (LVMs), are among the most important foundations paving the way for general AI by pre-training on massive domain-specific datasets. Different from the well annotated, formatted and integrated large textual and image datasets for LLMs and LVMs, biomedical knowledge and datasets are fragmented with data scattered across publications and inconsistent databases that often use diverse nomenclature systems in the field of AI for Precision Health and Medicine (AI4PHM).

Programming the elongation of mammalian cell aggregates with synthetic gene circuits.

A key goal of synthetic morphogenesis is the identification and implementation of methods to control morphogenesis. One line of research is the use of synthetic genetic circuits guiding the self-organization of cell ensembles. This approach has led to several recent successes, including control of cellular rearrangements in 3D via control of cell-cell adhesion by user-designed artificial genetic circuits.