miR-92a-3p regulates egg fertilization through ribogenesis in the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda.

Understanding the epigenetic molecular mechanisms (EMMs) of reproduction is crucial for developing advanced and targeted control strategies for Spodoptera frugiperda. Differential expression analysis revealed 11 known miRNAs with varying expression levels, including nine upregulated and two downregulated miRNAs, in virgin females compared with males. The predictive analysis identified 426 target genes for these miRNAs, with ribogenesis highlighted as a key process in oogenesis and egg fertilization.

Ectopic expression of DNMT3L in human trophoblast stem cells restores features of the placental methylome.

The placental DNA methylation landscape is unique, with widespread partially methylated domains (PMDs). The placental "methylome" is conserved across mammals, a shared feature of many cancers, and extensively studied for links with pregnancy complications. Human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) offer exciting potential for functional studies to better understand this epigenetic feature; however, whether the hTSC epigenome recapitulates primary trophoblast remains unclear.

CSI-GEP: A GPU-based unsupervised machine learning approach for recovering gene expression programs in atlas-scale single-cell RNA-seq data.

Exploratory analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) typically relies on hard clustering over two-dimensional projections like uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). However, such methods can severely distort the data and have many arbitrary parameter choices. Methods that can model scRNA-seq data as non-discrete "gene expression programs" (GEPs) can better preserve the data's structure, but currently, they are often not scalable, not consistent across repeated runs, and lack an established method for choosing key parameters.

Response eQTLs, chromatin accessibility, and 3D chromatin structure in chondrocytes provide mechanistic insight into osteoarthritis risk.

Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant healthcare burden with limited treatment options. While genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 100 OA-associated loci, translating these findings into therapeutic targets remains challenging. To address this gap, we mapped gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and 3D chromatin structure in primary human articular chondrocytes in both resting and OA-mimicking conditions.

The trait-specific timing of accelerated genomic change in the human lineage.

Humans exhibit distinct characteristics compared to our primate and ancient hominin ancestors. To investigate genomic bursts in the evolution of these traits, we use two complementary approaches to examine enrichment among genome-wide association study loci spanning diseases and AI-based image-derived brain, heart, and skeletal tissue phenotypes with genomic regions reflecting four evolutionary divergence points. These regions cover epigenetic differences among humans and rhesus macaques, human accelerated regions (HARs), ancient selective sweeps, and Neanderthal-introgressed alleles.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling revealed niche interactions sustaining growth of endometriotic lesions.

Endometriosis is a chronic condition with limited therapeutic options. The molecular aberrations promoting ectopic attachment and interactions with the local microenvironment sustaining lesion growth have been unclear, prohibiting development of targeted therapies. Here, we performed single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling of ectopic lesions and eutopic endometrium in endometriosis.

Exploring the open (host) range.

The report from Grenz et al. in the latest issue of Cell Host & Microbe demonstrates how incorporation of phenotypic, genetic, genomic, and evolutionary information into experimental design provides a more complete picture than focusing on single host-pathogen relationships.

Biological sex matters in brain aging.

Every cell in the body has a biological sex. The expansion of aging research to investigate female- and male-specific biology heralds a major advance for human health. Unraveling and harnessing mechanistic etiologies of sex differences may reveal new diagnostics and therapeutics for the aging brain.

Toward a functional future for the cognitive neuroscience of human aging.

The cognitive neuroscience of human aging seeks to identify neural mechanisms behind the commonalities and individual differences in age-related behavioral changes. This goal has been pursued predominantly through structural or "task-free" resting-state functional neuroimaging. The former has elucidated the material foundations of behavioral decline, and the latter has provided key insight into how functional brain networks change with age.

Microbial assisted alleviation of nickel toxicity in plants: A review.

Nickel (Ni) is required in trace amounts (less than 500 µg kg) in plants to regulate metabolic processes, the immune system, and to act as an enzymatic catalytic cofactor. Conversely, when nickel is present in high concentration, it is considered as a toxic substance. Excessive human nickel exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, ultimately leading to respiratory, cardiovascular, and chronic kidney diseases.

The MYB-bHLH-NRAMP module modulates the cadmium sensitivity of quinoa by regulating cadmium transport and absorption.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants and is easily absorbed by food crops. Quinoa is a kind of coarse grain crop with rich nutrition and strong stress resistance, which is easy to accumulate Cd. The increasingly serious soil Cd pollution poses a serious threat to the food safety of quinoa.

GelMA@APPA microspheres promote chondrocyte regeneration and alleviate osteoarthritis via Fgfr2 activation.

Background: In the context of osteoarthritis (OA), a condition marked by joint degeneration, there is a notable absence of efficacious approaches to promote regenerative healing in chondrocytes. Novel therapeutic strategies like nanomicelles-hydrogel microspheres loaded with Astragalus polysaccharide (GelMA@APPA) offer promising avenues for promoting chondrocyte regeneration and mitigating OA progression.

Methods: Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been shown to induce chondrocyte proliferation and promote cartilage matrix secretion, demonstrating biological activity associated with chondrocyte regeneration.

Brain tumour histopathology through the lens of deep learning: A systematic review.

Problem: Machine learning (ML)/Deep learning (DL) techniques have been evolving to solve more complex diseases, but it has been used relatively little in Glioblastoma (GBM) histopathological studies, which could benefit greatly due to the disease's complex pathogenesis.

Aim: Conduct a systematic review to investigate how ML/DL techniques have influenced the progression of brain tumour histopathological research, particularly in GBM.

Methods: 54 eligible studies were collected from the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, and their information about the types of brain tumour/s used, types of -omics data used with histopathological data, origins of the data, types of ML/DL and its training and evaluation methodologies, and the ML/DL task it was set to perform in the study were extracted to inform us of trends in GBM-related ML/DL-based research.

Cardioprotective potential of tectochrysin against vanadium induced heart damage via regulating NLRP3, JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathway.

Background: Vanadium (VAN) is a significant trace element, but its higher exposure is reported to cause severe organ toxicity. Tectochrysin (TEC) is a naturally derived flavonoid which demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological properties.

Aim: The current study was planned to assess the cardioprotective potential of TEC against VAN induced cardiotoxicity in rats via regulating biochemical, and histological profile.

Heating up three cold cases in Norway using investigative genetic genealogy.

With the advent of commercial DNA databases, investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) has emerged as a powerful forensic tool, rivalling the impact of STR analyses, introduced four decades ago. IGG has been frequently applied in the US and tested in other countries, but never in Norway. Here, we apply IGG to three cold criminal cases and successfully identify the donor of the DNA in two of these cases.

Status of Sepsis Care in European Hospitals: Results from an International Cross-Sectional Survey.

Rationale: Early detection, standardized therapy, adequate infrastructure and strategies for quality improvement should constitute essential components of every hospital's sepsis plan.

Objectives: To investigate the extent to which recommendations from the sepsis guidelines are implemented and the availability of infrastructure for the care of patients with sepsis in acute hospitals.

Methods: A multidisciplinary cross-sectional questionnaire was used to investigate sepsis care in hospitals.

Trends in Mental Health Outcomes of College Students Amid the Pandemic (Roadmap mHealth App): Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: The mental health crisis among college students intensified amid the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting an urgent need for innovative solutions to support them. Previous efforts to address mental health concerns have been constrained, often due to the underuse or shortage of services. Mobile health (mHealth) technology holds significant potential for providing resilience-building support and enhancing access to mental health care.

In silico drug repurposing at the cytoplasmic surface of human aquaporin 1.

Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a key channel for water transport in peritoneal dialysis. Inhibition of AQP1 could therefore impair water transport during peritoneal dialysis. It is not known whether inhibition of AQP1 occurs unintentionally due to off-target interactions of administered medications.

Potential liquid biopsy markers of exosomal microRNAs in renal interstitial fibrosis blood and urine.

Objective: To explore more and better liquid biopsy markers of exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNAs) in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and to preliminary investigate the biological functions and signaling pathways involved in these markers.

Materials And Methods: High-throughput miRNA sequencing was performed on blood and urine exo-miRNAs from three RIF patients and three healthy volunteers, and differential expression analysis and bioinformatic processing were performed.

Results: There were 13 differentially expressed exo-miRNA (DEexo-miRNA) between RIF and healthy blood, and 20 DEexo-miRNAs in urine.

Trastuzumab-Pertuzumab Plus Eribulin or Taxane as First-Line Chemotherapy for Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2-Positive Locally Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer: The Randomized Noninferiority Phase III EMERALD Trial.

Purpose: Trastuzumab-pertuzumab (HP) plus taxane is a current standard first-line therapy for recurrent or metastatic human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)+ breast cancer (BC). We investigated noninferiority of eribulin to a taxane when combined with dual HER2 blockade as first-line systemic treatment for locally advanced/metastatic HER2+ BC.

Methods: In the phase III EMERALD trial (target sample size, 480; ClinicalTrials.

Digenic Inheritance Mode in Congenital Hypothyroidism due to Thyroid Dysgenesis: HYPOTYGEN translational cohort study.

Context: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder and is chiefly caused by thyroid dysgenesis (CHTD). The inheritance mode of the disease remains complex.

Objectives: Gain insight into the inheritance mode of CHTD.

Bile acid synthesis impedes tumor-specific T cell responses during liver cancer.

The metabolic landscape of cancer greatly influences antitumor immunity, yet it remains unclear how organ-specific metabolites in the tumor microenvironment influence immunosurveillance. We found that accumulation of primary conjugated and secondary bile acids (BAs) are metabolic features of human hepatocellular carcinoma and experimental liver cancer models. Inhibiting conjugated BA synthesis in hepatocytes through deletion of the BA-conjugating enzyme bile acid-CoA:amino acid -acyltransferase (BAAT) enhanced tumor-specific T cell responses, reduced tumor growth, and sensitized tumors to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy.

A genomics learning framework for undergraduates.

Genomics is an increasingly important part of biology research. However, educating undergraduates in genomics is not yet a standard part of life sciences curricula. We believe this is, in part, due to a lack of standard concepts for the teaching of genomics.

Integrative physiological, biochemical, and proteomic analysis of the leaves of two cotton genotypes under heat stress.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), a crucial global fibre and oil seed crop faces diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these, temperature stress strongly influences its growth, prompting adaptive physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes.