Drivers of wood-inhabiting fungal diversity in European and Oriental beech forests.

The hyperdiverse wood-inhabiting fungi play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, but often are threatened by deadwood removal, particularly in temperate forests dominated by European beech () and Oriental beech (). To study the impact of abiotic drivers, deadwood factors, forest management and biogeographical patterns in forests of both beech species on fungal composition and diversity, we collected 215 deadwood-drilling samples in 18 forests from France to Armenia and identified fungi by meta-barcoding. In our analyses, we distinguished the patterns driven by rare, common, and dominant species using Hill numbers.

Desiccation tolerance in the resurrection plant involves changes in redox metabolism and carotenoid oxidation.

Desiccation tolerance in vegetative tissues enables resurrection plants to remain quiescent under severe drought and rapidly recover full metabolism once water becomes available. is a resurrection plant that occurs at high altitudes, typically growing on rock slits, exposed to high irradiance and limited water availability. We analyzed the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, carotenoids and its cleavage products, and stress-related phytohormones in fully hydrated, dehydrated, and rehydrated leaves of .

Low molecular weight carbohydrate patterns of mangrove macroalgae from different climatic niches under ocean acidification, warming and salinity variation.

Ocean acidification has increased due to the enhanced solubility of CO in seawater. Mangrove macroalgae in tropical and subtropical coastal regions can benefit from the higher availability of CO for photosynthesis and primary production. However, they can be negatively affected by the simultaneously occurring warming and increased salinity in estuaries.

Phylogenomic analysis supports transmission between humans and elephants.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a group of acid-fast bacilli known as complex (MTC), which has a major impact on humans. Transmission of MTC across the human-animal interface has been demonstrated by several studies. However, the reverse zoonotic transmission from humans to animals (zooanthroponosis) has often been neglected.

A worldwide perspective on large carnivore attacks on humans.

Large carnivores have long fascinated human societies and have profound influences on ecosystems. However, their conservation represents one of the greatest challenges of our time, particularly where attacks on humans occur. Where human recreational and/or livelihood activities overlap with large carnivore ranges, conflicts can become particularly serious.

Surprising leopard restoration in fragmented ecosystems reveals connections as the secret to conservation success.

The Chinese Loess Plateau has been the cradle of Chinese civilization and the main human settlement in China for thousands of years, where anthropogenic activities are believed to have deeply eroded natural landscapes. After decades of minimal leopard sighting in forests of northern China, due to serious human interference, we recently discovered that the leopard population is recovering. This finding provides hope for successful biodiversity conservation in human-dominated ecosystems.

Eating More and Fighting Less: Social Foraging Is a Potential Advantage for Successful Expansion of Bird Source Populations.

Animals can expand distributions in response to climatic and environmental changes, but the potential expansive ability of a source population is rarely evaluated using designed experiments. Group foraging can increase survival in new environments, but it also increases intraspecific competition. The trade-off between benefit and conflict needs to be determined.

Differentially Represented Proteins in Response to Infection with Identified by Quantitative Serum Proteomics in Asian Elephants.

Tuberculosis is a major global concern. Tuberculosis in wildlife is a risk for zoonotic transmission and becoming one of the challenges for conservation globally. In elephants, the number of cases is likely rising.

Water retention and metabolic changes improve desiccation tolerance in Barbacenia graminifolia (Velloziaceae).

Barbacenia graminifolia is a Velloziaceae species endemic to the campos rupestres in Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais state (Brazil). This biome is characterised by high irradiance and limited water conditions. Unlike other resurrection plants, B.

Ocean warming and increased salinity threaten Bostrychia (Rhodophyta) species from genetically divergent populations.

Increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere have resulted in global change, such as ocean warming and sea level rise. Increased salinity in estuaries is expected as a result of sea level rise and warming. Thus, we analysed the interactive effects of increased temperature and salinity on multiple physiological responses of Bostrychia montagnei and B.

Coping with heatwaves: How a key species of seaweed responds to heat stress along its latitudinal gradient.

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) frequency and intensity are increasing around the globe, affecting marine ecosystems' structure and functioning. Understanding how key marine species respond to these short-term extreme events is urgent for predicting damage to coastal ecosystems. Hypnea pseudomusciformis presents distribution in different floristic provinces on the Brazilian coast: tropical, transition and warm-temperate.

Factors influencing the habitat choice of pangolins ( spp.) in low land of Nepal.

Pangolins in the genus are nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Two species of pangolins are found in Nepal: the Chinese pangolin () and Indian pangolin (). Despite having high conservation priority, little attention has been given to conservation interventions of both species of pangolins found in the Terai region (low land) of Nepal.

Serologic Survey of Selected Pathogens in Free-Ranging Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal.

Serum samples of 11 Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) from Chitwan National Park in Nepal, collected between 2011-17, were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to eight diseases commonly investigated in large felids. This initial serologic survey was done to establish baseline information to understand the exposure of Nepal's free-ranging tiger population to these diseases. Tiger serum samples collected opportunistically during encounters such as translocation, human conflict, and injury were placed in cold storage for later use.

Post-2020 biodiversity targets need to embrace climate change.

Recent assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have highlighted the risks to humanity arising from the unsustainable use of natural resources. Thus far, land, freshwater, and ocean exploitation have been the chief causes of biodiversity loss. Climate change is projected to be a rapidly increasing additional driver for biodiversity loss.

Occurrence data of terrestrial vertebrates of Son Tra Peninsula, Da Nang City, Vietnam.

Background: The forest of Son Tra Peninsula was designated as a nature reserve in 1977 and serves as a green lung for Da Nang City. Due to the economic development scheme of Da Nang City, the forest of the peninsula has been disturbed by human activities and by invasive plant species. Moreover, the management board of the nature reserve lacked sufficient data of the species distribution of its biodiversity for developing future management and conservation plans.

First report of malaria parasites in water buffalo in Nepal.

We present the first molecular-based report on ungulate malaria parasites from water buffalo in Nepal. Fifty-six blood samples were collected from different groups of water buffalo (wild, feral, and domestic) and PCR assays were conducted using Plasmodium spp. cytb specific primers.

Correction to: Modeling habitat suitability for Yunnan Snub‑nosed monkeys in Laojun Mountain National Park.

The correct name of the last author should be ''Tetsuro Matsuzawa'', and not ''Tetsuro Matsuzwa'' as given in the original publication of the article.

Modeling habitat suitability for Yunnan Snub-nosed monkeys in Laojun Mountain National Park.

We provide new information on Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) behavioral ecology, contributing to future conservation efforts within the Laojun Mountain National Park. Habitat evaluation procedures are used to quantify the value of land as a habitat for a species. We analyzed environmental variables hypothesized to influence habitat suitability for Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys, and mapped the distribution of suitable habitats across the study area and adjacent areas.

Bacterial community structure and function distinguish gut sites in captive red-shanked doucs (Pygathrix nemaeus).

The mammalian order primates contains wide species diversity. Members of the subfamily Colobinae are unique amongst extant primates in that their gastrointestinal systems more closely resemble those of ruminants than other members of the primate order. In the growing literature surrounding nonhuman primate microbiomes, analysis of microbial communities has been limited to the hindgut, since few studies have captured data on other gut sites, including the foregut of colobine primates.

Globally important islands where eradicating invasive mammals will benefit highly threatened vertebrates.

Invasive alien species are a major threat to native insular species. Eradicating invasive mammals from islands is a feasible and proven approach to prevent biodiversity loss. We developed a conceptual framework to identify globally important islands for invasive mammal eradications to prevent imminent extinctions of highly threatened species using biogeographic and technical factors, plus a novel approach to consider socio-political feasibility.