A YSK-Type Dehydrin from Enhanced Copper Tolerance in .

Copper is an essential micronutrient for the maintenance of normal cell function but is toxic in excess. Dehydrins are group two late embryogenesis abundant proteins, which facilitate plant survival in harsh environmental conditions. Here, a YSK-type dehydrin, , was cloned from under copper toxicity and characterized using a heterologous expression system and in vitro or in vivo experiments and exhibited characteristics of intrinsic disorder during in vitro analyses.

Correction: Structural diversity, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of natural diterpenoid alkaloids.

Correction for 'Structural diversity, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of natural diterpenoid alkaloids' by Yong Shen , , 2020, , 763-796, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NP00002G.

Nematicidal Activity of J211 Against on Tobacco.

Root-knot nematode () is the most widespread nematode affecting Solanaceae crops. Due to the lack of effective measures to control this nematode, its management can be achieved, using biocontrol agents. This study investigated efficacy of the antagonistic bacterial strain J211 isolated from tobacco rhizosphere soil against , and further assessed its role in controlling nematodes, both in pot and field trials.

Molecular mechanisms and evolutionary history of phytomelatonin in flowering.

Flowering is a critical stage in plant life history, which is coordinated by environmental signals and endogenous cues. Phytomelatonin is a widely distributed indoleamine present in all living organisms and plays pleiotropic roles in plant growth and development. Recent evidence has established that phytomelatonin could modulate flowering in many species, probably in a concentration-dependent manner.

Gene rational design: the dawn of crop breeding.

Limited natural genetic diversity restricts the creation of excellent crops. Modeling-guided rational design represents a promising protein engineering technology to optimize existing genes for desired agronomic traits. Rational design coupled with other engineering approaches could also be applied in artificial gene improvement for the creation of economically valuable crops.

steroidal glycoalkaloids: structural diversity, biological activities, and biosynthesis.

Covering: up to 1 October 2020 steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA), characterized by nitrogenous steroidal aglycone and glycoside residues, mainly occur in the species, including economically important edible plants such as potato, tomato, and eggplant. To date, 107 SGA assigned to six total skeletons have been identified from plants. SGA have unique structures and display significant pharmacological activities such as cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anticholesterol, and some are well-known poisons.

Orchid Reintroduction Based on Seed Germination-Promoting Mycorrhizal Fungi Derived From Protocorms or Seedlings.

Orchids are among the most endangered in the plant kingdom. Lack of endosperm in their seeds renders orchids to depend on nutrients provided by orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) for seed germination and seedling formation in the wild. OMF that parasitize in germination seeds is an essential element for orchid seedling formation, which can also help orchid reintroduction.

Methylglyoxal Has Different Impacts on the Fungistatic Roles of Ammonia and Benzaldehyde, and Lactoylglutathione Lyase Is Necessary for the Resistance of to Soil Fungistasis.

Biocontrol of root-knot nematode has attracted increasing attention over the past two decades. The inconsistent field performance of biocontrol agents, which is caused by soil fungistasis, often restricts their commercial application. There is still a lack of research on the genes involved in biocontrol fungi response to soil fungistasis, which is important for optimizing practical applications of biocontrol fungi.

Identification, Biological Activities and Biosynthetic Pathway of Alkaloids.

is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Orchidaceae family with more than 1,400 species. Many species have been used as medicinal plants in several Asian countries for thousands of years. Alkaloids were reported as the major biological markers due to their complex chemical compositions and various types.

Melatonin synthesis genes N-acetylserotonin methyltransferases evolved into caffeic acid O-methyltransferases and both assisted in plant terrestrialization.

Terrestrialization is one of the most momentous events in the history of plant life, which leads to the subsequent evolution of plant diversity. The transition species, in this process, had to acquire a range of adaptive mechanisms to cope with the harsh features of terrestrial environments compared to that of aquatic habitat. As an ancient antioxidant, a leading regulator of ROS signaling or homeostasis, and a presumed plant master regulator, melatonin likely assisted plants transition to land and their adaption to terrestrial ecosystems.

Melatonin inhibits seed germination by crosstalk with abscisic acid, gibberellin, and auxin in Arabidopsis.

Seed germination, an important developmental stage in the life cycle of seed plants, is regulated by complex signals. Melatonin is a signaling molecule associated with seed germination under stressful conditions, although the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that a low concentration (10 µM or 100 µM) of melatonin had no effect on seed germination, but when the concentration of melatonin increased to 500 µM or 1000 µM, seed germination was significantly inhibited in Arabidopsis.

Melatonin confers heavy metal-induced tolerance by alleviating oxidative stress and reducing the heavy metal accumulation in Exophiala pisciphila, a dark septate endophyte (DSE).

Background: Melatonin (MT), ubiquitous in almost all organisms, functions as a free radical scavenger. Despite several reports on its role as an antioxidant in animals, plants, and some microorganisms, extensive studies in filamentous fungi are limited. Based upon the role of melatonin as an antioxidant, we investigated its role in heavy metal-induced stress tolerance in Exophiala pisciphila, a dark septate endophyte (DSE), by studying the underlying mechanisms in alleviating oxidative stress and reducing heavy metal accumulation.

Diterpenoid Alkaloid Profiling to Distinguish between the Official Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Fuzi and Adulterant Species Using LC-qToF-MS with Chemometrics.

The lateral roots of , known in Chinese as fuzi, are officially recognized as a materia medica in the and used culinarily to prepare herbal soups. A strategy combining UPLC-qToF-MS analysis of and its intraspecies and interspecies chemometrics study was developed to examine the distribution of marker metabolites. Four diterpenoid alkaloids were recognized to be important markers in fuzi, and another 15 markers were identified to differentiate from adulterant species.

sp. nov., isolated from a cave stalactite surface.

An aerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, actinobacterial strain, designated 1.0914, was isolated from a stalactite sample collected from a cave located in Guizhou Province, southwest PR China. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 1.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of a rambler rose, (Rosaceae).

The rambler Crép. is an important founder species during modern rose domestication. However, the chloroplast genome (plastome) of this wild species remains unavailable.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile of the SNAT Gene Family in Tobacco ().

Melatonin plays key roles in development and confers stress tolerance to plants. Serotonin -acetyltransferase (SNAT) is either the enzyme involved in the last step or the penultimate enzyme of phytomelatonin biosynthesis. To date, genes have not been characterized in tobacco (), an economically important plant species.

Phytomelatonin: An Emerging Regulator of Plant Biotic Stress Resistance.

Melatonin has diverse functions in plant development and stress tolerance, with recent evidence showing a beneficial role in plant biotic stress tolerance. It has been hypothesized that pathogenic invasion causes the immediate generation of melatonin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), with these being mutually dependent, forming the integrative melatonin-ROS-RNS feedforward loop. Here we discuss how the loop, possibly located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts, maximizes disease resistance in the early pathogen ingress stage, providing on-site protection.

Conosiligins A-D, Ring-Rearranged Tremulane Sesquiterpenoids from .

Conosiligins A-D (-), four ring-rearranged sesquiterpenoids, were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete . Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses and equivalent circulating density (ECD) calculations. Compounds and possess a 5/8-fused ring system, while has a 5/6-fused backbone conjugated with a γ-lactone.

Construction of stable infectious full-length and eGFP-tagged cDNA clones of Mirabilis crinkle mosaic virus via In-Fusion cloning.

Mirabilis crinkle mosaic virus (MiCMV) was tentatively classified as a new member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae in 2019. However, it was considered to be basella rugose mosaic virus based on the sequence similarity of the coat protein (CP) region. In this study, infectious MiCMV cDNA clones under the control of the 35S promoter were constructed with an In-Fusion cloning method.

Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Features and Possible Mechanisms of Glucose-Mediated Soil Fungistasis Relief in .

Soil-borne pest diseases result in large annual agricultural losses globally. Fungal bio-control agents are an alternative means of controlling pest diseases; however, soil fungistasis limits the effect of fungal agents. Nutrients can relieve soil fungistasis, but the mechanisms behind this process remain poorly understood.

A potyvirus isolated from Mirabilis jalapa in China represents a new species.

We previously reported a possible potyvirus isolated from Mirabilis jalapa that exhibited a high degree of sequence similarity to Basella rugose mosaic virus (BaRMV) in the region encoding the coat protein (CP). Here, we present the complete genome sequence of this isolate, comprising a 9666-nucleotide-long monopartite ssRNA (excluding the poly(A) tail) encoding a 3080-amino-acid polyprotein. The CP region showed a high degree of nucleotide sequence similarity to three BaRMV isolates (75.

sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from cave soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, aerobic, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated strain Sn-9-2, was isolated from a cave soil sample collected from Tiandong cave, Guizhou Province, south-west PR China. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.