The Role of Rv1476 in Regulating Stress Response and Intracellular Survival of .

The virulence of () is related to many factors, including intracellular survival, cell wall permeability, and cell envelope proteins. However, the biological function of the membrane protein remains unclear. To investigate the potential role played by , we constructed an overexpression strain and found that overexpression of enhanced the intracellular survival of , while having no impact on the growth rate in vitro.

Epinephrine Stimulates Growth and Biofilm Formation.

The human stress hormones catecholamines play a critical role in communication between human microbiota and their hosts and influence the outcomes of bacterial infections. However, it is unclear how senses and responds to certain types of human stress hormones. In this study, we screened several human catecholamine stress hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) for their effects on growth.

MSL1 Promotes Liver Regeneration by Driving Phase Separation of STAT3 and Histone H4 and Enhancing Their Acetylation.

Male-specific lethal 1 (MSL1) is critical for the formation of MSL histone acetyltransferase complex which acetylates histone H4 Lys16 (H4K16ac) to activate gene expression. However, the role of MSL1 in liver regeneration is poorly understood. Here, this work identifies MSL1 as a key regulator of STAT3 and histone H4 (H4) in hepatocytes.

The Suppressive Effect of Rebastinib on Triple-negative Breast Cancer Tumors Involves Multiple Mechanisms of Action.

Background/aim: High resistance of triple-negative breast cancer has prompted scientists to look for new targets susceptible to treatment. CDK16 has been suggested as a promising target whose inhibition can lead to tumor growth suppression. Rebastinib, a potent inhibitor of CDK16, has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo.

Fate tracking reveals differences between Reelin hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and Desmin HSCs in activation, migration and proliferation.

The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the main cause of liver fibrogenesis in response to different etiologies of chronic liver injuries. HSCs are heterogeneous, but the lack of specific markers to distinguish different HSC subset hinders the development of targeted therapy for liver fibrosis. In this study, we aim to reveal new HSC subsets by cell fate tracking.

Global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 reinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged with a high transmissibility rate and resulted in numerous negative impacts on global life. Preventive measures such as face masks, social distancing, and vaccination helped control the pandemic. Nonetheless, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Omega and Delta, as well as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection, raise additional concerns.

Screening of Microbial Fermentation Products for Anti- Activity.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by , is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant has made the control of TB more difficult. In our study, we investigated the ability of microorganism fermentation products from the soil to inhibit .

Large-scale chromatin reorganization reactivates placenta-specific genes that drive cellular aging.

Nuclear deformation, a hallmark frequently observed in senescent cells, is presumed to be associated with the erosion of chromatin organization at the nuclear periphery. However, how such gradual changes in higher-order genome organization impinge on local epigenetic modifications to drive cellular mechanisms of aging has remained enigmatic. Here, through large-scale epigenomic analyses of isogenic young, senescent, and progeroid human mesenchymal progenitor cells (hMPCs), we delineate a hierarchy of integrated structural state changes that manifest as heterochromatin loss in repressive compartments, euchromatin weakening in active compartments, switching in interfacing topological compartments, and increasing epigenetic entropy.

Bombesin-drug conjugates in targeted therapy for small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a aggressive form of primary lung neoplasm that often presents in elderly smokers. While stage I SCLC can be managed with surgery, extensive-stage disease is managed with chemotherapy using etoposide and cisplatin among other agents, and often complemented by radiation therapy to the chest and cranium. Recent advances in pharmacological research have yielded novel antibody and peptide-conjugated adjunctive chemotherapy, of which bombesin and bombesin receptors have played an important role due to their overexpression in SCLC and other lung cancers.

Infection Analysis (iSFA) Identified Coronavirus Infection and Potential Transmission Risk in Mammals.

Coronaviruses are a great source of threat to public health which could infect various species and cause diverse diseases. However, the epidemic's spreading among different species remains elusive. This study proposed an infection analysis (iSFA) system that includes pathogen genome or transcript mining in transcriptome data of the potential host and performed a comprehensive analysis about the infection of 38 coronaviruses in wild animals, based on 2,257 transcriptome datasets from 89 mammals' lung and intestine, and revealed multiple potential coronavirus infections including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in .

Reprogramming Mycobacterium tuberculosis CRISPR System for Gene Editing and Genome-wide RNA Interference Screening.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), which is still the leading cause of mortality from a single infectious disease worldwide. The development of novel anti-TB drugs and vaccines is severely hampered by the complicated and time-consuming genetic manipulation techniques for M. tuberculosis.

A Retrospective Study of Latissimus Dorsi Flap in Immediate Breast Reconstruction.

Background: There are many different methods used for immediate breast reconstruction, but the advantages and disadvantages between distinct methods are not reported and compared directly.

Methods: We collected the data of patients who underwent breast reconstruction from 2010 to 2015 and classified a total of 103 patients into three groups: i) skin- or nipple-sparing mastectomy with implant and partial latissimus dorsi flap (MIPLD); ii) skin- or nipple-sparing mastectomy with the whole latissimus dorsi flap (MWLD); and iii) breast-conserving surgery and partial latissimus dorsi flap (BCSPLD). The outcome, safety, and cosmetic outcome of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap with or without implant were reported and compared.

Metabolic nuclear receptors coordinate energy metabolism to regulate Sox9 hepatocyte fate.

Recent research has indicated the adult liver Sox9 cells located in the portal triads contribute to the physiological maintenance of liver mass and injury repair. However, the physiology and pathology regulation mechanisms of adult liver Sox9 cells remain unknown. Here, PPARα and FXR bound to the shared site in Sox9 promoter with opposite transcriptional outputs.

Distinct Persistence Fate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Various Types of Cells.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can invade different cells with distinct persistence fates because cells are equipped with different host restriction factors. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we infected THP1 and Raw264.

Screening of Compounds for Anti-tuberculosis Activity, and and Evaluation of Potential Candidates.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a debilitating infectious disease responsible for more than one million deaths per year. The emergence of drug-resistant TB poses an urgent need for the development of new anti-TB drugs. In this study, we screened a library of over 4,000 small molecules and found that orbifloxacin and the peptide AK15 possess significant bactericidal activity against () .

The COVID-19 pandemic and the potential treatment of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus and the seventh that can infect human beings and result in severe and acute respiratory syndrome and deaths. Currently, the world is undergoing a global health emergency due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As of May 18, SARS-CoV-2 has spread to over two hundred countries and infected more than 4.

Rv3722c Promotes Survival in Macrophages by Interacting With TRAF3.

() secretes numerous proteins to interfere with host immune response for its long-term survival. As one of the top abundant secreted proteins, Rv3722c was found to be essential for bacilli growth. However, it remains elusive how this protein interferes with the host immune response and regulates survival.

A new strategy to develop pseudorabies virus-based bivalent vaccine with high immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2.

Herpesvirus based multivalent vaccines have been extensively studied, whereas few of them have been successfully used in clinic and animal husbandry industry due to the low expression of foreign immunogens in herpesvirus. In this study, we developed a new strategy to construct herpesvirus based bivalent vaccine with high-level expression of foreign immunogen, by which the ORF2 gene encoding the major antigen protein Cap of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), was highly expressed in pseudorabies virus (PRV). To obtain the high expression of PCV2 immunogen, tandem repeats of PCV2 ORF2 gene were firstly linked by protein quantitation ratioing (PQR) linker to reach equal expression of each ORF2 gene.

The human bone marrow harbors a CD45 CD11B cell progenitor permitting rapid microglia-like cell derivative approaches.

Microglia, the immune sentinel of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from yolk sac erythromyeloid progenitors that populate the developing CNS. Interestingly, a specific type of bone marrow-derived monocyte is able to express a yolk sac microglial signature and populate CNS in disease. Here we have examined human bone marrow (hBM) in an attempt to identify novel cell sources for generating microglia-like cells to use in cell-based therapies and in vitro modeling.

SEIPIN: A Key Factor for Nuclear Lipid Droplet Generation and Lipid Homeostasis.

Lipid homeostasis is essential for normal cell physiology. Generally, lipids are stored in a lipid droplet (LD), a ubiquitous organelle consisting of a neutral lipid core and a single layer of phospholipid membrane. It is thought that LDs are generated from the endoplasmic reticulum and then released into the cytosol.

HPV-CCDC106 integration alters local chromosome architecture and hijacks an enhancer by three-dimensional genome structure remodeling in cervical cancer.

Integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA into the human genome is a reputed key driver of cervical cancer. However, the effects of HPV integration on chromatin structural organization and gene expression are largely unknown. We studied a cohort of 61 samples and identified an integration hot spot in the CCDC106 gene on chromosome 19.

MiR-126 Regulates Properties of SOX9 Liver Progenitor Cells during Liver Repair by Targeting Hoxb6.

Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) have a remarkable contribution to the hepatocytes and ductal cells when normal hepatocyte proliferation is severely impaired. As a biomarker for LPCs, Sry-box 9 (Sox9) plays critical roles in liver homeostasis and repair in response to injury. However, the regulation mechanism of Sox9 in liver physiological and pathological state remains unknown.

Transcriptional regulation of microRNA-126a by farnesoid X receptor in vitro and in vivo.

Objectives: Recent research has indicated the microRNA-126a (miR-126a) is an endothelial cell-specific and highly conserved endogenous small non-coding RNA molecule. It contributes to the vascular integrity and angiogenesis, but the molecular regulation mechanism of miR-126a remains unknown.

Results: Herein, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) activation promoted miR-126a expression in HepG2, LO2, and Hep1-6 cells.

Advance in Stress for Depressive Disorder.

Stress is an adaptive response to environment aversive stimuli and a common life experience of one's daily life. Chronic or excessive stress especially that happened in early life is found to be deleterious to individual's physical and mental health, which is highly related to depressive disorders onset. Stressful life events are consistently considered to be the high-risk factors of environment for predisposing depressive disorders.

The anatomy and metabolome of the lymphatic system in the brain in health and disease.

Recent studies have demonstrated that the brain is equipped with a lymphatic drainage system that is actively involved in parenchymal waste clearance, brain homeostasis and immune regulation. However, the exact anatomic drainage routes of brain lymph fluid (BLF) remain elusive, hampering the physiological study and clinical application of this system. In this study, we systematically dissected the anatomy of the BLF pathways in a rat model.