Enhancing RNA-lipid nanoparticle delivery: Organ- and cell-specificity and barcoding strategies.

Recent advancements in RNA therapeutics highlight the critical need for precision gene delivery systems that target specific organs and cells. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as key vectors in delivering mRNA and siRNA, offering protection against enzymatic degradation, enabling targeted delivery and cellular uptake, and facilitating RNA cargo release into the cytosol. This review discusses the development and optimization of organ- and cell-specific LNPs, focusing on their design, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications.

Nationwide Survey to Characterize and Compare the Research Experiences of American Society of Health-System Pharmacists-Accredited Postgraduate Year One Pharmacy Residency Programs.

Many Postgraduate Year One (PGY1) Pharmacy residencies provide research training however, details of this training are not well described. Publication rates have been utilized to assess residency research learning experiences. Higher publication rates have been reported by programs that have implemented a structured research learning experience.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a potential disease biomarker in cell and mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle wasting disorder affecting 1:3500 male births and is associated with myofiber degeneration, regeneration, and inflammation. Glucocorticoid treatments have been the standard of care due to immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive properties but novel genetic approaches, including exon skipping and gene replacement therapy, are currently being developed. The identification of additional biomarkers to assess DMD-related inflammatory responses and the potential efficacy of these therapeutic approaches are thus of critical importance.

Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Toxicity in Mice Is Dependent on Protein Corona Composition and Host Immunity.

Two-dimension graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with high and low serum protein binding profiles (high/low hard-bound protein corona/HC) are used in this study as model materials and screening tools to investigate the underlying roles of the protein corona on nanomaterial toxicities . We proposed that the biocompatibility/nanotoxicity of GO is protein corona-dependent and host immunity-dependent. The hypothesis was tested by injecting HC GO nanosheets in immunocompetent ICR/CD1 and immunodeficient NOD- mice and performed histopathological and hematological evaluation studies on days 1 and 14 post-injection.

Assessment of Infant Exposure to Antidepressants through Breastfeeding: A Literature Review of Currently Available Approaches.

Despite the prevalence of depression in lactating mothers, there is a lack of knowledge about the excretion of antidepressants into breast milk and its potential adverse effects on infants. This creates concern, making depressed lactating mothers more likely to avoid pharmacological treatment. Clinical lactation studies are the most accurate and direct method to predict and demonstrate the excretion of antidepressants into human breast milk, and results from clinical studies can be included in drug labels to help physicians and patients make decisions on antidepressant use during lactation.

Dynamic Changes in the Distribution of Hydrocodone and Oxycodone in Florida from 2006 to 2021.

Background: Florida, which led the country in terms of its number of opioid-prescribing physicians, was unique during the height of the opioid epidemic because of its lax prescribing laws and high number of unregulated pain clinics. Here, we address differences in the distribution rates of oxycodone and hydrocodone across Florida counties during the peak years of the opioid epidemic using an under-utilized database.

Methods: The Washington Post and the United States Drug Enforcement Administration's Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) databases provided longitudinal oxycodone and hydrocodone distribution data in grams per county (2006-2014) and state (2006-2021).

Development of a Medication-Use Evaluation Template for Andexanet Alfa in the Reversal of Anticoagulation With Factor Xa Inhibitors.

Medication-use evaluations are meant to ensure that medication-use processes are consistent with prevailing standards of care, assure optimal use of therapy, and reduce the risk of medication-related problems. Reversal agents for direct oral anticoagulants are a worthy focus for medication-use evaluations for reasons of efficacy, safety, and cost. A multidisciplinary team of experts developed 2 medication-use evaluation templates illustrating the application of professional society guidelines to the appropriate use of andexanet alfa.

Assessing experts' perspectives on challenges in substance misuse prevention, harm reduction, and treatment to shape funding priorities in New York State.

Background: Drug overdose is a leading cause of death and opioid-related deaths increased by more than 300% from 2010 to 2020 in New York State. Experts holding a range of senior leadership positions from across New York State were asked to identify the greatest challenges in substance misuse prevention, harm reduction, and treatment continuum of care. Expert input was used to shape funding priorities.

Report of the 2023-2024 AACP Research and Graduate Affairs Committee.

The 2023-2024 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Research and Graduate Affairs Committee ("the Committee") was charged with developing programs focused on career and professional development for researchers, new faculty, and graduate students in colleges and schools of pharmacy. After reviewing exiting resources available to pharmacy faculty for grant writing, the Committee recognized a need for more comprehensive, diverse, and tailored resources for pharmacy faculty. The Committee, therefore, focused its effort on creating an intensive grant writing course intended for independent pharmacy researchers without previous major grant awards that would support writing for career development and research grant applications and cater to faculty in translational, clinical sciences, and pharmacy practice, along with fellows and residents.

Utilization of Lower-Dose Cyclobenzaprine in the Older Inpatient.

In older inpatients, anticholinergic medications can increase the risk of complications that may increase length of stay (LOS). Cyclobenzaprine is an anticholinergic medication associated with mental status changes, falls, and injuries in older patients. The purpose of this study is to determine whether use of a lower cyclobenzaprine dose (5 mg) compared with higher dosing (10 mg) will affect LOS, 30-day readmission rates, and need for injectable psychotropic agents in inpatients 65 years of age and older.

Envisioning the Near Future of Community Pharmacy Patient Care Practice: Report of the 2023-2024 AACP Professional Affairs Standing Committee.

The 2023-2024 Professional Affairs Committee was charged to (1) Create an action plan in response to the clear urgent need for transformation of community pharmacy practice; and (2) Develop "readiness for change" instrument that addresses multiple pharmacy stakeholder groups that are based on the ACT "community pharmacy enhanced services" definition. Due to the continuous and rapid-paced changes occurring in community pharmacy practice, the committee developed a document that provides the baseline elements that should be considered for community pharmacy practice currently and into the future. This document, Envisioning the Near Future of Community Pharmacy Patient Care Practice: Key Elements of Practice Redesign in Community Pharmacies, contains 8 sections and is recommended to be socialized within the pharmacy profession to ensure that it resonates with current and future community pharmacy practice.

Immune cell phenotypes and mortality in the Framingham Heart Study.

Background: Global life expectancy is rising, with the 60 + age group projected to hit 2 billion by 2050. Aging impacts the immune system. A notable marker of immune system aging is the presence of Aging-Related Immune Cell Phenotypes (ARIPs).

Consensus recommendations for the use of novel antiretrovirals in persons with HIV who are heavily treatment-experienced and/or have multidrug-resistant HIV-1: Endorsed by the American Academy of HIV Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy.

Treatment options are currently limited for persons with HIV-1 (PWH) who are heavily treatment-experienced and/or have multidrug-resistant HIV-1. Three agents have been approved by the U.S.

Current Knowledge on the Preparation and Benefits of Cruciferous Vegetables as Relates to In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition with a significant economic and social burden. The disease is complex and challenging to treat because it involves several pathologies, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, dysbiosis, and intestinal damage. The search for an effective treatment has identified cruciferous vegetables and their phytochemicals as potential management options for inflammatory bowel disease because they contain prebiotics, probiotics, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant metabolites essential for a healthy gut.

A comparison of the activity, lysosomal stability, and efficacy of legumain-cleavable and cathepsin-cleavable ADC linkers.

Over the past two decades, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a highly effective drug delivery technology. ADCs utilise a monoclonal antibody, a chemical linker, and a therapeutic payload to selectively deliver highly potent pharmaceutical agents to specific cell types.Challenges such as premature linker cleavage and clearance due to linker hydrophobicity have adversely impacted the stability and safety of ADCs.

Na,K-ATPase activity promotes macropinocytosis in colon cancer via Wnt signaling.

Recent research has shown that membrane trafficking plays an important role in canonical Wnt signaling through sequestration of the β-catenin destruction complex inside multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and lysosomes. In this study, we introduce Ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na,K-ATPase pump that establishes electric potentials across membranes, as a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling. We find that Na,K-ATPase levels are elevated in advanced colon carcinoma, that this enzyme is elevated in cancer cells with constitutively activated Wnt pathway and is activated by GSK3 inhibitors that increase macropinocytosis.

Impact of cost on prescribing diabetes medications for older adults with type 2 diabetes in the outpatient setting.

Background: Newer diabetes medications have cardiorenal benefits beyond blood sugar lowering that make them a preferred treatment option in many patients. Despite this, studies have shown that prescribing of these medications remains suboptimal with medication costs being hypothesized as a reason for underutilization.

Objective: To understand clinicians' decision-making processes for prescribing diabetes medications in older adults, focusing on higher cost medications.

Retrospective study investigating naloxone prescribing and cost in US Medicaid and Medicare patients.

Background: Opioid overdoses in the USA have increased to unprecedented levels. Administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone can prevent overdoses.

Objective: This study was conducted to reveal the pharmacoepidemiologic patterns in naloxone prescribing to Medicaid patients from 2018 to 2021 as well as Medicare in 2019.

Rising cases of drug-induced pulmonary fibrosis: Analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, 2000-2022.

Purpose: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe, progressive disease, which may be caused by exposure to certain medications.

Methods: We queried the U.S.

Rapid mutation detection in extracellular vesicle-DNA.

A PCR- and sequencing-free mutation detection assay facilitates cancer diagnosis and reduces over-reliance on specialized equipment. This benefit was highlighted during the pandemic when high demand for viral nucleic acid testing often sidelined mutation analysis. This shift led to substantial challenges for patients on targeted therapy in tracking mutations.