Photodegradation of Flucetosulfuron, a Sulfonylurea-Based Herbicide in the Aqueous Media Is Influenced by Ultraviolet Irradiation.

Photodegradation (photolysis) causes the breakdown of organic pesticides molecules by direct or indirect solar radiation energy. Flucetosulfuron herbicide often encounters water bodies. For this reason, it is important to know the behavior of the compound under these stressed conditions.

Hydrogen sulphide infiltration downregulates oxidative metabolism and extends postharvest life of banana.

Hydrogen sulphide (H S) has emerged as a potential regulator of plant defence against different abiotic stresses. As a climacteric fruit, banana undergoes oxidative stresses shortly after harvest, resulting in faster ripening and senescence. This work examines the effects of vacuum infiltrated H S on ripening inhibition of banana.

Development and validation of the gene-based functional marker to assist fruit shape selection in tomato.

Unlabelled: Fruit size, shape and colour are important determinants of fruit quality in tomato. Among the different genetic factors, the gene is a key regulator of fruit elongation in tomato. The loss-of-function recessive allele results from a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the second exon of the gene to produce fruit elongation and variable fruit shapes in different genetic backgrounds.

Epigenetic regulation of salinity stress responses in cereals.

Cereals are important crops and are exposed to various types of environmental stresses that affect the overall growth and yield. Among the various abiotic stresses, salt stress is a major environmental factor that influences the genetic, physiological, and biochemical responses of cereal crops. Epigenetic regulation which includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodelling plays an important role in salt stress tolerance.

Salt-Tolerant Compatible Microbial Inoculants Modulate Physio-Biochemical Responses Enhance Plant Growth, Zn Biofortification and Yield of Wheat Grown in Saline-Sodic Soil.

A wide range of root-associated mutualistic microorganisms have been successfully applied and documented in the past for growth promotion, biofertilization, biofortification and biotic and abiotic stress amelioration in major crops. These microorganisms include nitrogen fixers, nutrient mobilizers, bio-remediators and bio-control agents. The present study aimed to demonstrate the impact of salt-tolerant compatible microbial inoculants on plant growth; Zn biofortification and yield of wheat ( L.

Genetic dissection of stripe rust resistance in a Tunisian wheat landrace Aus26670.

Unlabelled: The deployment of combinations of resistance genes in future wheat cultivars can save yield losses caused by the stripe rust pathogen ( f. sp. ; Pst).

Identification of QTLs for Spot Blotch Resistance in Two Bi-Parental Mapping Populations of Wheat.

Spot blotch (SB) disease caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen inflicting major losses to the wheat grown in warm and highly humid areas of the Indian subcontinent, including Bangladesh, necessitates identification of QTLs stably expressing in Indian subcontinent conditions. Thus, two RIL mapping populations, i.e.

Development of tetra-primer amplicon refractory mutation system (T-ARMS) strategy for identification of the mutant allele in tomato.

The () tomato mutants increase the fruit pigment content in tomato. The () tomato mutant belonging to this category contains the recessive allele, resulting from a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the () gene. Naturally, identification of this functional SNP is crucial for introgression of this important mutant allele in suitable tomato cultivar(s).

Rice breeding for yield under drought has selected for longer flag leaves and lower stomatal density.

Direct selection for yield under drought has resulted in the release of a number of drought-tolerant rice varieties across Asia. In this study, we characterized the physiological traits that have been affected by this strategy in breeding trials across sites in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Drought- breeding lines and drought-tolerant varieties showed consistently longer flag leaves and lower stomatal density than our drought-susceptible check variety, IR64.

Dissecting Quantitative Trait Loci for Spot Blotch Resistance in South Asia Using Two Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Populations.

Spot blotch (SB) disease causes significant yield loss in wheat production in the warm and humid regions of the eastern Gangetic plains (EGP) of South Asia (SA). Most of the cultivated varieties in the eastern part of SA are affected by SB under favorable climatic conditions. To understand the nature of SB resistance and map the underlying resistant loci effective in SA, two bi-parental mapping populations were evaluated for 3 years, i.

High Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Bacterial Communities Associated with Melon Fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae).

The next generation sequencing (NGS) approach has facilitated the investigations of gut microbiota with high throughput and resolution. The present study was focused on the taxonomic and functional characterization of bacterial community associated with different developmental stages of melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons metagenomics. Z.

Genetic gain for rice yield in rainfed environments in India.

The complexity of genotype × environment interactions under drought reduces heritability, which determines the effectiveness of selection for drought tolerance and development of drought tolerant varieties. Genetic progress measured through changes in yield performance over time is important in determining the efficiency of breeding programmes in which test cultivars are replaced each year on the assumption that the new cultivars will surpass the older cultivars. The goal of our study was to determine the annual rate of genetic gain for rice grain yield in a drought-prone rainfed system in a series of multi-environment trials conducted from 2005 to 2014 under the Drought Breeding Network of Indian sites in collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).

Skin colour, carotenogenesis and chlorophyll degradation mutant alleles: genetic orchestration behind the fruit colour variation in tomato.

The genetics underlying the fruit colour variation in tomato is an interesting area of both basic and applied research in plant biology. There are several factors, like phytohormones, environmental signals and epistatic interactions between genes, which modulate the ripe fruit colour in tomato. However, three aspects: genetic regulation of skin pigmentation, carotenoid biosynthesis and ripening-associated chlorophyll degradation in tomato fruits are of pivotal importance.

The Pink Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus djamor (Agaricomycetes): A Potent Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Agent.

The present investigation aimed to study the physicochemical properties, nutritional indices, antioxidant properties, and hypoglycemic effects of dried pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) powder. The yield of dried mushroom powder was 8.54%, the oil absorption capacity was 3.

Inhibition of potato leafroll virus multiplication and systemic translocation by siRNA constructs against putative ATPase fold of movement protein.

Viruses cause many severe plant diseases, resulting in immense losses of crop yield worldwide. Therefore, developing novel approaches to control plant viruses is crucial to meet the demands of a growing world population. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely used to develop virus-resistant plants.

Metagenomic Insights into Rhizospheric Microbiome Profiling in Lentil Cultivars Unveils Differential Microbial Nitrogen and Phosphorus Metabolism under Rice-Fallow Ecology.

The plant rhizosphere interfaces an array of microbiomes related to plant growth and development. Cultivar-specific soil microbial communities with respect to their taxonomic structure and specific function have not been investigated explicitly in improving the adaptation of lentil cultivars under rice-fallow ecology. The present study was carried out to decipher the rhizosphere microbiome assembly of two lentil cultivars under rice-fallow ecology for discerning the diversity of microbial communities and for predicting the function of microbiome genes related to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling processes deploying high-throughput whole (meta) genome sequencing.

First report on molecular basis of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) aggravation by combined effect of tuber and prevailing aphid.

Objective: The Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) is one of the most devastating virus causing severe yield losses worldwide in potato. The comprehensive observations were made to study the PLRV infestation in major potato growing areas of Bihar (India) and further detailed molecular basis of PLRV aggravation was established.

Results: Although aphids population were found comparatively lower with maximum symptomatic plants, our molecular data further confirms the presence of PLRV in all possible symptomatic tissues such as tubers, shoots and leaves.

Nutrients Supplementation through Organic Manures Influence the Growth of Weeds and Maize Productivity.

Declining rate of productivity and environmental sustainability is forcing growers to use organic manures as a source of nutrient supplement in maize farming. However, weed is a major constraint to maize production. A field study was carried out over two seasons to evaluate various integrated nutrient and weed management practices in hybrid maize.

Determination of safe limit for arsenic contaminated irrigation water using solubility free ion activity model (FIAM) and Tobit Regression Model.

Irrigation water contaminated with arsenic acts as a potent source of contamination to humans through water-soil-crop-food transfer so quantification of safe limit for irrigation water is also critical. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the safe limit for As contaminated irrigation water with two soil types (alluvial and red) using ten levels of contaminated irrigation water (0, 0.25, 0.

A diagnostic marker kit for Fusarium wilt and sterility mosaic diseases resistance in pigeonpea.

Fusarium wilt (FW) and sterility mosaic diseases (SMD) are key biotic constraints to pigeonpea production. Occurrence of these two diseases in congenial conditions is reported to cause complete yield loss in susceptible pigeonpea cultivars. Various studies to elucidate genomic architecture of the two traits have revealed significant marker-trait associations for use in breeding programs.

Pre- and Post-harvest Factors Affecting Glucosinolate Content in Broccoli.

Owing to several presumed health-promoting biological activities, increased attention is being given to natural plant chemicals, especially those frequently entering the human diet. Glucosinolates (GLs) are the main bioactive compounds found in broccoli ( L. var.

Browning metabolism and quality of fresh-cut drumstick () as influenced by acidulant treatments.

Though fresh-cut products save our time, but they are very much prone to enzymatic browning that drastically affects product's quality and marketability. Drumstick pods are considered as super food due to high nutritional contents. However, the fresh-cut pods are prone to brown discoloration.

Genotype × environment interactions for grain iron and zinc content in rice.

Background: Nutrient deficiency in humans, especially in children and lactating women, is a major concern. Increasing the micronutrient concentration in staple crops like rice is one way to overcome this. The micronutrient content in rice, especially the iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content, is highly variable.

Development and molecular cytogenetic characterization of Thinopyrum bessarabicum introgression lines in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats.

A variety of Thinopyrum bessarabicum introgressions in both hexaploid and tetraploid wheats were generated and characterized by molecular cytogenetic analysis. Six wheat-J genome recombinants were identified with ND-FISH and GISH. Diploid wheatgrass, Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14, EE or JJ or JJ), is a well-known alien source of salinity tolerance and disease resistance for wheat improvement.