Plant metabolites modulate social networks and lifespan in a sawfly.

Social interactions influence disease spread, information flow and resource allocation across species, yet heterogeneity in social interaction frequency and its fitness consequences are still poorly understood. Additionally, the role of exogenous chemicals, such as non-nutritive plant metabolites that are utilised by several animal species, in shaping social networks remains unclear. Here, we investigated how non-nutritive plant metabolites impact social interactions and the lifespan of the turnip sawfly, Athalia rosae.

Chemical constituents of Schott leaves and their cytotoxic activities.

Chromatographic fractionation of CHCl:MeOH (1:1) extract of Schott cultivated in Egypt afforded four compounds, lupeol acetate (), -13--manoyl oxide (), 5-methoxymethyl-7,8-dimethyltocol (), and -tocopherol quinone (). The planar structures of the isolated compounds were concluded based on HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopy. X-ray crystallography of is reported herein for the first time and its unambiguous absolute configuration was deduced from anomalous dispersion.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Tritrichomonas foetus, the causative agent of Bovine Trichomonosis.

Tritrichomonas foetus is a parasitic protist responsible for bovine trichomonosis, a reproductive disease associated with significant economic burden to the livestock industry throughout the world. Here, we present a chromosome-level reference genome of T. foetus -KV-1 (ATCC 30924) using short-read (Illumina Miseq), long-read (Oxford Nanopore) and chromatin-linked (Hi-C) sequencing.

Child maltreatment in a high adversity context: Associations of age, type and timing of exposure with psychopathology in middle childhood.

Background: While cumulative childhood maltreatment (CM) has been linked to psychopathological outcomes, recent studies point to the relevance of the type and timing of exposure. The aim of the current study was to better understand their importance beyond the cumulative burden of CM for psychopathological symptoms in middle childhood.

Methods: A total of N = 341 children (M = 9.

Detection, isolation and characterization of phage-host complexes using BONCAT and click chemistry.

Introduction: Phages are viruses that infect prokaryotes and can shape microbial communities by lysis, thus offering applications in various fields. However, challenges exist in sampling, isolation and accurate prediction of the host specificity of phages as well as in the identification of newly replicated virions in response to environmental challenges.

Methods: A new workflow using biorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) and click chemistry (CC) allowed the combined analysis of phages and their hosts, the identification of newly replicated virions, and the specific tagging of phages with biotin for affinity chromatography.

The gender gap in fair earnings increases with age due to higher age premium for men.

This study explores how gender and age interact in shaping beliefs about fair pay through a factorial survey experiment conducted with German employees. Respondents evaluated hypothetical worker descriptions varying in age, gender, and earnings. While no gender gap in fair earnings was found for the youngest hypothetical workers, a significant gap favoring men emerged with increasing age.

A brief review of microstructure design in transition metal-based magnetocaloric materials.

Magnetic cooling, a solid-state refrigeration technology based on the magnetocaloric effect, has attracted significant attention in space cooling due to its high energy-efficiency and environmental friendliness. Transition metal-based magnetocaloric materials (MCMs) with the merit of low-cost have emerged as promising candidates for efficient magnetic refrigeration applications. This review explores the intricate relationship between microstructure and multiple properties (e.

Effects of acute stress on biological motion perception.

Biological motion perception is an essential part of the cognitive process. Stress can affect the cognitive process. The present study explored the intrinsic ERP features of the effects of acute psychological stress on biological motion perception.

Differential gene expression in leaves and roots of treated with aluminium chloride.

, also knowen as the Japanese tea hortensia, is known for its sweet taste and health properties of bevarages produced from this plant. The 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins, hydrangenol and phyllodulcin harbour a variety of biological activities and pharmacological properties. Therefore, a detailed understanding of dihydroisocoumarin biosynthesis in is of major interest.

Variation in nest survival of three species of tropical plovers in Madagascar with clutch size, age of nest, year and El Niño effect.

A combination of life history traits and environmental conditions has been highlighted as the main drivers of avian breeding success. While drivers of breeding success are well known in some species, especially birds in northern, temperate regions; species in other parts of the world have received relatively little attention. In this study, we used a long-term dataset on breeding success of tropical plovers from south-west Madagascar to investigate whether nest survival changed over time and whether the drivers of nest survival were similar for multiple species breeding in the same arid habitat.

Mechanisms of change in digital interventions for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of six mediator domains.

Background: While the efficacy of digital interventions for the treatment of depression is well established, comprehensive knowledge on how therapeutic changes come about is still limited. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of research on change mechanisms in digital interventions for depression and meta-analytically evaluate indirect effects of potential mediators.

Methods: The databases CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials investigating mediators of digital interventions for adults with depression.

One the development of a professional mandate by social workers in medical rehabilitation- key results from the SWIMMER Project.

Social work in the German rehabilitation sector is practiced with great variation and its interventions lack research evidence. The SWIMMER project aims to develop a program theory of social work in rehabilitation to explain this variation and to discuss possible conditions. The dealing with ethical dilemmas by social workers is one possible influence and the focus of this paper.

Epigenetic alterations in bioaccumulators of cadmium: Lessons from mammalian kidneys and plants.

Faced with unpredictable changes in global weather patterns, release and redistribution of metals through land erosion and water movements add to the increasing use of metals in industrial activities causing high levels of environmental pollution and concern to the health of all living organisms. Cadmium is released into the environment by smelting and mining, entering the food chain via contaminated soils, water, and phosphate fertilizers. Bioaccumulation of cadmium in plants represents the first major step into the human food chain and contributes to toxicity of several organs, especially the kidneys, where biomagnification of cadmium occurs over decades of exposure.

Integrating federated learning for improved counterfactual explanations in clinical decision support systems for sepsis therapy.

In recent years, we have witnessed both artificial intelligence obtaining remarkable results in clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) improving the interpretability of these models. In turn, this fosters the adoption by medical personnel and improves trustworthiness of CDSSs. Among others, counterfactual explanations prove to be one such XAI technique particularly suitable for the healthcare domain due to its ease of interpretation, even for less technically proficient staff.

The correlates of environmental initiatives in sports organizations with climate change attitudes and subjective well-being.

Background: To recognize the interplay between climate change and public health, this study examines the impact of sports organizations' environmental initiatives on members' subjective well-being (SWB) and climate change attitudes (CCA). Drawing on the theoretical tenets of pro-social behavior, organizational initiatives aiming at protecting and improving the natural environment can be viewed as altruistic. This altruism can in turn increase SWB.

Validation of the Scale of Emotional Development-Short (SED-S) in Healthy Adults with an Intellectual Disability.

The Scale of Emotional Development-Short (SED-S) assesses the level of emotional development (ED) of persons with intellectual disability (ID) in eight domains across five stages with reference ages from 0 to 12 years. The aim of this study was to apply and validate the SED-S in a sample of healthy adults with ID. Eighty-three mentally healthy adults with ID were assessed using the SED-S.

Repeated prefrontal tDCS for improving mental health and cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease associated with physical disability, psychological impairment, and cognitive dysfunctions. Consequently, the disease burden is substantial, and treatment choices are limited. In this randomized, double-blind study, we conducted repeated prefrontal electrical stimulation in 40 patients with MS to evaluate mental health variables (quality of life, sleep difficulties, psychological distress) and cognitive dysfunctions (psychomotor speed, working memory, attention/vigilance), marking it as the third largest sample size tDCS research conducted in MS to date.

Induction and stabilization of delta frequency brain oscillations by phase-synchronized rTMS and tACS.

Background: Brain oscillations in the delta frequency band have been linked with deep sleep and consolidation of declarative memory during sleep. However, the causal relationship of these associations remains not competely clarified, primarily due to constraints by technical limitations of brain stimulation approaches suited to induce and stabilize respective oscillatory activity in the human brain. The objective of this study was to establish a non-invasive brain stimulation protocol capable of reliably inducing, and stabilizing respective oscillatory activity in the delta frequency range.

Correction: Water adsorption lifts the (2 × 1) reconstruction of calcite(104).

Correction for 'Water adsorption lifts the (2 × 1) reconstruction of calcite(104)' by Jonas Heggemann , , 2024, , 21365-21369, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP01408H.

Insoluble HIFa protein aggregates by cadmium disrupt hypoxia-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)-hypoxia inducible factor (HIFa) signaling in renal epithelial (NRK-52E) and interstitial (FAIK3-5) cells.

The kidney is the main organ that senses changes in systemic O pressure by hypoxia-PHD-HIFa (HPH) signaling, resulting in adaptive target gene activation, including erythropoietin (EPO). The non-essential transition metal cadmium (Cd) is nephrotoxic and disrupts the renal HPH pathway, which may promote Cd-associated chronic renal disease (CKD). A deeper molecular understanding of Cd interference with renal HPH signaling is missing, and no data with renal cell lines are available.