The NADH-dependent flavin reductase ThdF follows an ordered sequential mechanism though crystal structures reveal two FAD molecules in the active site.

Two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenases are of great interest as biocatalysts for the production of pharmaceuticals and other relevant molecules, as they catalyze chemically important reactions such as hydroxylation, epoxidation, and halogenation. The monooxygenase components require a separate flavin reductase which provides the necessary reduced flavin cofactor. The tryptophan halogenase Thal from Streptomyces albogriseolus is a well-characterized two-component flavin-dependent halogenase.

A defense of ectogenic abortion.

A popular argument for a right to ectogenic abortions appeals to a right to avoid the obligations associated with parenthood. A common objection to this argument questions whether there are any sufficiently great harms associated with parenthood to ground such a right. I propose a novel formulation of this argument that avoids these objections.

Ethanolamine-induced assembly of microcompartments is required for virulence.

Unlabelled: Many bacteria metabolize ethanolamine as a nutrient source through cytoplasmic organelles named bacterial microcompartments (BMCs). Here we investigated the molecular assembly, regulation, and function of BMCs in a Gram-negative oral pathobiont that is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The genome harbors a conserved ethanolamine utilization () locus with 21 genes that encode several putative BMC shell proteins and a two-component signal transduction system (TCS), in addition to the enzymes for ethanolamine transport and catabolism.

Impact of progestin type on the risk of drug interactions between combined oral contraceptives and psychotropic drugs: A pooled analysis of real-world data.

Objectives: To assess the risk of contraceptive failure and adverse events (AEs) associated with the type of progestin when coadministered with psychotropic drugs within a routine clinical practice setting.

Study Design: A pooled analysis of four large, prospective, multinational cohort studies including women with a new prescription of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and concomitant psychotropic drug use from 13 European countries and the United States. We determined the frequency of contraceptive failures and AEs within 6 months after COC initiation by progestin type.

Discarded sequencing reads uncover natural variation in pest resistance in .

Understanding the genomic basis of natural variation in plant pest resistance is an important goal in plant science, but it usually requires large and labor-intensive phenotyping experiments. Here, we explored the possibility that non-target reads from plant DNA sequencing can serve as phenotyping proxies for addressing such questions. We used data from a whole-genome and -epigenome sequencing study of 207 natural lines of field pennycress () that were grown in a common environment and spontaneously colonized by aphids, mildew, and other microbes.

Recreational sports in prison: inmates' perspectives on coaching effectiveness.

Introduction: This study examines inmates' perspectives on the effectiveness of sports coaches in prison. According to the integrative definition of effective coaching, coaches require professional, interpersonal, and intrapersonal knowledge to enhance athletes' outcomes within a specific context.

Methods: Five male inmates of a German prison were interviewed after they participated in sports programs.

Exploration of In Situ Extraction for Enhanced Triterpenoid Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Plant-derived triterpenoids are in high demand due to their valuable applications in cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. To meet this demand, microbial production of triterpenoids is being developed for large-scale production. However, a prominent limitation of microbial synthesis is the intracellular accumulation, requiring cell disruption during downstream processing.

Proteomic analysis of the sponge Aggregation Factor implicates an ancient toolkit for allorecognition and adhesion in animals.

The discovery that sponges (Porifera) can fully regenerate from aggregates of dissociated cells launched them as one of the earliest experimental models to study the evolution of cell adhesion and allorecognition in animals. This process depends on an extracellular glycoprotein complex called the Aggregation Factor (AF), which is composed of proteins thought to be unique to sponges. We used quantitative proteomics to identify additional AF components and interacting proteins in the classical model, , and compared them to proteins involved in cell interactions in Bilateria.

Feasibility of implementing a decision aid for advanced cancer patients in a comprehensive cancer centers' outpatient setting: Valuable lessons learned.

Background: Decision aids (DAs) have been proposed as tools to empower patients in decision-making. However, implementing DA for decisions in advanced cancer is challenging. This study focuses on perspectives of oncologists and other healthcare providers on the hindering and facilitating factors for implementing a customizable DA.

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Analysis of Phytochemicals from Roots of .

is widely used in Ethiopia for treating various human ailments, yet its pharmacological properties and chemical composition remain largely unexplored. The chromatographic separation of roots extract afforded five compounds, namely tremulacin (), cochinchiside A (), 5-methoxydurmillone (), catechin-7--α-L-rhamnopyranoside (), and stigmasterol (), confirmed via IR, NMR, and MS spectral data. This is the first report of these compounds from this plant, except for compounds and .

Nanomaterials and Textiles.

The terms "nano" and "nanomaterials" have come to be buzz words describing tremendous advances in research and development during the last decades [...

Metabolomic Response to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are popular choices for the mitigation of pain and inflammation; however, they are accompanied by side effects in the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. We compared the effects of naproxen, a traditional NSAID, and celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase -2 (Cox-2) inhibitor, in humans. Our findings showed a decrease in tryptophan and kynurenine levels in plasma of volunteers treated with naproxen.

At-RS31 orchestrates hierarchical cross-regulation of splicing factors and integrates alternative splicing with TOR-ABA pathways.

Alternative splicing is essential for plants, enabling a single gene to produce multiple transcript variants to boost functional diversity and fine-tune responses to environmental and developmental cues. At-RS31, a plant-specific splicing factor in the Serine/Arginine (SR)-rich protein family, responds to light and the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway, yet its downstream targets and regulatory impact remain unknown.To identify At-RS31 targets, we applied individual-nucleotide resolution crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) and RNAcompete assays.

Gender as a Contextual Factor in Quality of Life of Cancer Survivors: A Literature Review.

Background: Cancer survivorship brings numerous challenges extending beyond physical health to include psychological, social, and functional aspects that define the quality of life (QoL) of survivors. Although recognizing that diverse gender experiences lead to different ways of coping with these challenges, many clinical trials fail to account for the distinct constructs of "sex" and "gender," often conflating the two. This review highlights how gender-related aspects can manifest in core QoL domains for cancer survivors, emphasizing the importance of inclusive and effective support systems and interventions.

Depression in patients with anorectal fistulas and anal fissures: a propensity score-matched cohort study.

Purpose: Anal fissures and anorectal fistulas are diseases often associated with significant pain and prolonged discomfort, resulting in a significantly reduced quality of life (QoL). They are not only a surgical problem but also have a profound psychosocial impact and influence on QoL. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of depression in patients with these pathologies and to highlight the need to address the psychosocial aspects of these diseases.

Definition and identification of causal ratio effects.

In generalized linear models, the effect of a treatment or intervention is often expressed as a ratio (e.g., risk ratio and odds ratio).

The potential of precision diabetology for type 2 diabetes treatment-evidence from a meta-regression for all-cause mortality from large cardiovascular outcome trials.

Aims: Two prerequisites must be met for the precision treatment approach to be beneficial for treated individuals. First, there must be treatment heterogeneity; second, in case of treatment heterogeneity, clinical predictors to identify people who would benefit from one treatment more than from others must be available. There is an established meta-regression approach to assess these two prerequisites that relies on measuring the variability of a clinical outcome after treatment in placebo-controlled randomised trials.

Axillary Surgery in Breast Cancer - Primary Results of the INSEMA Trial.

Background: Whether surgical axillary staging as part of breast-conserving therapy can be omitted without compromising survival has remained unclear.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, noninferiority trial, we investigated the omission of axillary surgery as compared with sentinel-lymph-node biopsy in patients with clinically node-negative invasive breast cancer staged as T1 or T2 (tumor size, ≤5 cm) who were scheduled to undergo breast-conserving surgery. We report here the per-protocol analysis of invasive disease-free survival (the primary efficacy outcome).

Degradation and stable maintenance of adeno-associated virus inverted terminal repeats in E. coli.

Current plasmid propagation in E. coli compromises large inverted repeats, such as inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of adeno-associated virus (AAV). Direct long-read sequencing analyses upon varying strains and culture conditions revealed ITR instability caused by a slipped misalignment mechanism, although other mechanism probably contribute.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide From Bacillus licheniformis MW301654 Unravels the Nematicidal Property Against Meloidogyne incognita.

Research on nematode management globally highlights the use of nematicidal biomolecules and biocontrol agents. However, the availability of biomolecules to manage plant-parasitic nematodes remains limited. The discovery of microbial biomolecules offers new opportunities in this field, though they are underexplored for suppressing nematodes.

Discovery of thiazostatin D/E using UPLC-HR-MS2-based metabolomics and σ-factor engineering of sp. SE50/110.

As the natural producer of acarbose, sp. SE50/110 has high industrial relevance. Like most Actinobacteria, the strain carries several more putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) to produce further natural products, which are to be discovered.

5'-untranslated region sequences enhance plasmid-based protein production in .

, a thermoacidophilic archaeon of the phylum Thermoproteota (former Crenarchaeota), is a widely used model organism for gene deletion studies and recombinant protein production. Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of the promoter (P), providing low basal activity and high pentose-dependent induction. However, the available expression vector does not include a 5'-terminal untranslated region (5'-UTR), a typical element found in bacterial expression vectors that usually enhances protein production in bacteria.

Advanced Practice Nurses in Primary Care and Their Impact on Health Service Utilisation, Costs and Access Globally: A Scoping Review.

Aim: Synthesise evidence on advanced practice nurses' impact on health services utilisation, healthcare costs, access and quality of care globally.

Design: Scoping review.

Methods: A scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the PRISMA-ScR checklist.