Environment-related health risks, knowledge and awareness among people in precarious milieus: secondary data analysis from the German "Environmental Awareness Study".

Introduction: Precarious milieus more frequently suffer from environmental risks and show lower environmental awareness and behavior than other milieus in the German population. This study investigates the factors that influence environmental awareness in precarious milieus and the roles of environmental knowledge and the perception of environment-related health burdens.

Methods: A quantitative secondary data analysis of the German Environmental Awareness Study 2018 ( = 2017) was used to analyze the perception of environmental health burdens, environmental knowledge, and environmental awareness between precarious milieus ( = 190) and seven other milieus.

Promising behavior change techniques for climate-friendly behavior change - a systematic review.

Introduction: Besides societal and governmental actions to mitigate greenhouse gases, individual behavioral changes are also urgently needed to limit global temperature rise. However, these individual changes have proven to be difficult to achieve in the general population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review in five electronic databases with the aim of systematically depicting the content of interventions that promote climate-friendly behavior in individuals and households in high- and upper-middle-income countries.

Optimal Significance Levels and Sample Sizes for Signal Detection Methods Based on Non-constant Hazards.

Background And Objectives: Statistical methods for signal detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in electronic health records (EHRs) need information about optimal significance levels and sample sizes to achieve sufficient power. Sauzet and Cornelius proposed tests for signal detection based on the hazard functions of Weibull type distributions (WSP tests) which use the time-to-event information available in EHRs. Optimal significance levels and sample sizes for the application of the WPS tests are derived.

Burden of sequelae and healthcare resource utilization in the first year of life in infants born with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection in Germany: A retrospective statutory health insurance claims database analysis.

Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection can have a broad range of manifestations. This study aimed to assess cCMV-associated sequelae and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in infants during the first year of life in Germany.

Methods: A retrospective, controlled cohort study using German claims data from the Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin (InGef) database was conducted.

(De)Stigmatizing Depression on Social Media: The Role of Responsibility Frames.

Responsibility frames on social media could shape recipients' responses toward people with depression, which is crucial for the public (de)stigmatization of the mental disorder. Thus, the present study examines the effects of different responsibility frames (individual, social, combination) in Instagram-posts about depression on respondents' related attributions as well as their emotional and behavioral reactions toward people suffering from the illness. Our online-experiment ( = 1,015) revealed that frames emphasizing the responsibility of one's social network (e.

Chronic disease onset and wellbeing development: longitudinal analysis and the role of healthcare access.

Background: Experiencing the onset of a chronic disease is a serious health event impacting living conditions and wellbeing. Investigating wellbeing development and its predictors is crucial to understand how individuals adapt to chronic illnesses. This study (i) analyzed the impact of a chronic disease on wellbeing development, and (ii) explored spatial healthcare access as potential moderating factor.

Racism against racialized migrants in healthcare in Europe: a scoping review.

Background: Racism is frequently mentioned as a social determinant of migrants' health and a barrier to health services. However, in the European context, racism and its impact on racialized migrants' access to healthcare is remarkably under-researched. This scoping review makes a first step toward filling this void by mapping the existing literature on racial and ethnic discrimination against racialized migrants in healthcare in Europe, identifying evidence gaps, and offering recommendations for future research on this topic.

Impact of COVID-19-adapted guidelines using different airway management strategies on resuscitation quality in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest - a randomised manikin study.

Background: Although airway management for paramedics has moved away from endotracheal intubation towards extraglottic airway devices in recent years, in the context of COVID-19, endotracheal intubation has seen a revival. Endotracheal intubation has been recommended again under the assumption that it provides better protection against aerosol liberation and infection risk for care providers than extraglottic airway devices accepting an increase in no-flow time and possibly worsen patient outcomes.

Methods: In this manikin study paramedics performed advanced cardiac life support with non-shockable (Non-VF) and shockable rhythms (VF) in four settings: ERC guidelines 2021 (control), COVID-19-guidelines using videolaryngoscopic intubation (COVID-19-intubation), laryngeal mask (COVID-19-Laryngeal-Mask) or a modified laryngeal mask modified with a shower cap (COVID-19-showercap) to reduce aerosol liberation simulated by a fog machine.

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP)-Meta-analyses on the use of the HPV vaccine as adjuvant therapy.

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis(RRP) is a rare disease with severe morbidity. Treatment is surgical. Prevailing viewpoint is that prophylactic HPV vaccines do not have therapeutic benefit due to their modus operandi.

AED delivery at night - Can drones do the Job? A feasibility study of unmanned aerial systems to transport automated external defibrillators during night-time.

Background: In their recent guidelines the European Resuscitation Council have recommended the use of Unmanned Aerial systems (UAS) to overcome the notorious shortage of AED. Exploiting the full potential of airborne AED delivery would mandate 24 h UAS operability. However, current systems have not been evaluated for nighttime use.

Healthcare Costs and Resource Use Associated With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Conization: A Retrospective Study of German Statutory Health Insurance Claims Data.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can be a consequence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. High-grade CIN (CIN2/CIN3) may develop from persistent HPV infection and progress to cervical cancer if left untreated. Management of CIN includes conservative surveillance or ablation and excision by conization.

Healthcare costs of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) disease in infants during the first two years of life: a retrospective German claims database analysis.

Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection can cause severe neurological damage, growth retardation, hearing loss, and microcephaly in infants. We aimed at assessing healthcare costs of infants with recorded cCMV diagnosis in an administrative claims database in the first 2 years of life.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, controlled cohort study using German claims data from the Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin (InGef) database.

Generalised weibull model-based approaches to detect non-constant hazard to signal adverse drug reactions in longitudinal data.

Pharmacovigilance is the process of monitoring the emergence of harm from a medicine once it has been licensed and is in use. The aim is to identify new adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or changes in frequency of known ADRs. The last decade has seen increased interest for the use of electronic health records (EHRs) in pharmacovigilance.

Healthcare resource utilization and costs in 23-25-year-old women with human papillomavirus (HPV) associated anogenital diseases in Germany - a retrospective analysis of statutory health insurance claims data.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) causes multiple anogenital diseases including cervical cancer and is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Healthcare resource utilization (HRU) associated with HPV-related anogenital diseases includes diagnostic and disease specific treatment regimens. A recent study showed disease burden of young women aged 23-25 years, who were the first populations eligible to receive HPV vaccination after its introduction in Germany.

Reporting quality for abstracts of randomised trials on child and adolescent depression prevention: a meta-epidemiological study on adherence to CONSORT for abstracts.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate adherence to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) for abstracts in reports of randomised trials on child and adolescent depression prevention. Secondary objective was to examine factors associated with overall reporting quality.

Design: Meta-epidemiological study.

Using agent-based modelling to test hypotheses on the role of neighbourhood social mechanisms in the development of small-area health inequalities.

Background: Small-area health inequalities may originate from differentials in the spatial distribution of environmental stressors on health. The role played by neighbourhood social mechanisms on small-area health inequalities is difficult to evaluate. We demonstrate that agent-based modelling (ABM) is a useful technique to overcome existing limitations.

Burden of CIN2+ diagnoses and conizations in women aged 18-45 years-a retrospective secondary data analysis of German statutory health insurance claims data.

Purpose: High grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) may progress to cervical cancer. They may be detected by screening and are usually treated by conization. This study aimed at assessing annual proportions of screening, prevalent and incident CIN2+ diagnoses, as well as proportions of (re-)conizations during 24 months follow-up after conization in Germany.

Incidence, characteristics and predictors of mortality following cardiac arrest in ICUs of a German university hospital: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Cardiac arrest in intensive care is a rarely studied type of in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objective: This study examines the incidence, characteristics, risk factors for mortality as well as long-term prognosis following cardiac arrest in intensive care.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

A Systematic Review of Responsibility Frames and Their Effects in the Health Context.

Responsibility frames potentially shape the public perception of health issues such as obesity, diabetes, or mental illness, specifically regarding responsibility attributions for their causes and treatment. Which responsibility frames prevail in the health context, and the responses they may elicit from audiences, has not been studied systematically. This systematic review includes studies with different methodological approaches published between 2004 and 2019 ( = 68).

Asylum seeking and refugee adolescents' mental health service use and help-seeking patterns: a mixed-methods study.

Almost a third of all people who entered Germany to seek protection since 2010 were under the age of 18. Asylum-seeking and refugee (ASR) adolescents in Germany face reduced entitlements to healthcare and experience barriers in accessing mental healthcare, despite documented mental health needs. This mixed-methods study aims to describe the mental health needs and service use of ASR adolescents in Germany and identify the predictors of their help-seeking patterns.

Minimal clinically important difference in means in vulnerable populations: challenges and solutions.

Introduction And Motivation: Many health studies measure a continuous outcome and compare means between groups. Since means for biological data are often difficult to interpret clinically, it is common to dichotomise using a cut-point and present the 'percentage abnormal' alongside or in place of means. Examples include birthweight where 'abnormal' is defined as <2500 g (low birthweight), systolic blood pressure with abnormal defined as >140 mm Hg (high blood pressure) and lung function with varying definitions of the 'limit of normal'.

Impact of COVID-19-adapted guidelines on resuscitation quality in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest: a manikin study.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of European Resuscitation Council (ERC) COVID-19-guidelines on resuscitation quality emphasizing advanced airway management in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest.

Methods: In a manikin study paramedics and emergency physicians performed advanced cardiac life support in three settings: ERC guidelines 2015 (control), COVID-19-guidelines as suggested with minimum staff (COVID-19-minimal-personnel); COVID-19-guidelines with paramedics and an emergency physician (COVID-19-advanced-airway-manager). Main outcome measures were no-flow-time, quality metrics as defined by ERC and time intervals to first chest compression, oxygen supply, intubation and first rhythm analysis.