A modified Delphi exercise in physician-perceived risk factors for drug-induced pneumotoxicity in patients with rheumatological disease.

Background: Drugs used to treat rheumatic disease are associated with pneumotoxicity (drug-induced lung disease), but little is known about associated risk factors.

Aim: To determine expert physician-perceived risk factors for developing pneumotoxicity in patients with rheumatologic conditions.

Methods: A modified international 3-tier Delphi exercise was performed.

Validation of the Valve Academic Research Consortium High Bleeding Risk Definition in Patients Undergoing TAVR.

Background: The Valve Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (VARC-HBR) has recently introduced a consensus document that outlines risk factors to identify high bleeding risk in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and predictive value of the VARC-HBR definition in a contemporary, large-scale transcatheter aortic valve replacement population.

Methods: Multicenter study including 10 449 patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Implementation of a Clinical Decision Support System for Antimicrobial Prescribing in Sub-Saharan Africa: Multisectoral Qualitative Study.

Background: Suboptimal use of antimicrobials is a driver of antimicrobial resistance in West Africa. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can facilitate access to updated and reliable recommendations.

Objective: This study aimed to assess contextual factors that could facilitate the implementation of a CDSS for antimicrobial prescribing in West Africa and Central Africa and to identify tailored implementation strategies.

A case series of intermittent nucleoside analogue-based (NA) regimen to maintain HBV virological suppression in coinfected HBV/HIV patients with suppressed viremia.

Objective: To describe the efficacy of intermittent nucleoside analogue-based (NA) regimen to maintain HBV virological suppression in HBV/HIV-1 patients.

Methods: Conducted between 2014 and 2023, this observational retrospective study included all HBV (positive AgHbs)/HIV-1 coinfected patients with HIV RNA ≤ 50 cp/mL and HBV DNA ≤ 25 UI/mL who were switched to an intermittent (<7/7 days(D)) TDF or TAF-containing antiretroviral (ART) regimen. The primary outcome was the HBV virological success rate (SR) (proportion of patients with HBV pVL < 25 UI/mL) at W48.

Improving Ebola virus disease outbreak control through targeted post-exposure prophylaxis.

Ebola virus disease kills more than half of people infected. Since the disease is transmitted via close human contact, identifying individuals at the highest risk of developing the disease is possible on the basis of the type of contact (correlated with viral exposure). Different candidates for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP; ie, vaccines, antivirals, and monoclonal antibodies) each have their specific benefits and limitations, which we discuss in this Viewpoint.

Management of aortic disease in children with FBN1-related Marfan syndrome.

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1:5000-1:10 000 individuals. It is a pleiotropic disease characterized by specific ocular, cardiovascular, and skeletal features. The most common cardiovascular complication is aortic root dilatation which untreated can lead to life-threatening aortic root dissection, mainly occurring in adult patients.

Contribution of canine olfaction in the diagnostic strategy of intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer: a double-blind validation study.

Purpose: Prostate cancer diagnosis is confirmed with a prostate biopsy, which is invasive and unpleasant. Adding canine olfaction into the diagnostic protocol could help avoid unnecessary biopsies. This study aims to determine whether dogs can identify ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) > 2 prostate cancer.

European Association of Urology Guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (TaT1 and Carcinoma In Situ)-A Summary of the 2024 Guidelines Update.

Background And Objective: This publication represents a summary of the updated 2024 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), TaT1, and carcinoma in situ. The information presented herein is limited to urothelial carcinoma, unless specified otherwise. The aim is to provide practical recommendations on the clinical management of NMIBC with a focus on clinical presentation.

European society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases guidelines for antimicrobial stewardship in emergency departments (endorsed by European association of hospital pharmacists).

Scope: This European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to support a selection of appropriate antibiotic use practices for patients seen in the emergency department (ED) and guidance for their implementation. The topics addressed in this guideline are (a) Do biomarkers or rapid pathogen tests improve antibiotic prescribing and/or clinical outcomes? (b) Does taking blood cultures in common infectious syndromes improve antibiotic prescribing and/or clinical outcomes? (c) Does watchful waiting without antibacterial therapy or with delayed antibiotic prescribing reduce antibiotic prescribing without worsening clinical outcomes in patients with specific infectious syndromes? (d) Do structured culture follow-up programs in patients discharged from the ED with cultures pending improve antibiotic prescribing?

Methods: An expert panel was convened by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and the guideline chair. The panel selected in consensus the four most relevant antimicrobial stewardship topics according to pre-defined relevance criteria.