Genetic and allelic heterogeneity in 248 Indians with skeletal dysplasia.

Skeletal dysplasias are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare disorders. Studies from large cohorts are essential to provide insights into the disease epidemiology, phenotypic spectrum, and mutational profiles. Here we enumerate additional 248 Indians from 197 families with a skeletal dysplasia, following a similar study earlier.

Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Arrhythmia in Acute Myocardial Infarction Presentation: An Observational Study.

Background Arrhythmias are well-recognized complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and are an important risk factor for mortality in both men and women across a wide age range. Aim This study aims to analyze the incidence of arrhythmia in patients with AMI with respect to age, gender distribution, and location of AMI and also to evaluate the prognostic factors of mortality in patients with AMI. Methods This prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study included 300 patients admitted within an hour of the presentation of AMI at a Super Speciality Hospital, MGMMC (Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College), Indore, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria.

A Survey of Medication Diffusion and Attitudes Among Indian Clinicians Toward Pharmacotherapies for Alcohol Use Disorder.

Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, uptake of AUD pharmacotherapies among clinicians has remained low. There exists a research gap regarding clinician attitudes and the diffusion of AUD pharmacotherapies among Indian clinicians.

Pathology Report Interpretation and Disease Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Logic Embedded in an Artificial Intelligence Framework: A New Paradigm for Digital Technologies.

Introduction Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment in healthcare settings. Digital technologies have revolutionized medical diagnostics, particularly in pathology laboratory report analyses, by enhancing speed, quality, and precision. Diagnostic pathology has advanced significantly with digital imaging, AI algorithms, and computer-assisted techniques.

Molecular Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates Through Whole-Genome Sequencing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Biotypes, Sequence Types, and Antimicrobial and Virulence Genes.

Introduction (PA) is a bacterial species commonly isolated from human clinical specimens. Despite being present in the environment as a saprophyte, PA possesses the ability to cause human infections, especially among debilitated patients. It is therefore essential to understand the genomic imprints of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes associated with PA isolated from patient samples.

Burden of hepatitis B in asymptomatic blood donor population of India: A systematic review & meta-analysis.

Background & objectives India has been classified as an intermediate Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic country, and the transmission is believed to mostly occur horizontally. However, community-based data on HBV prevalence among blood donors in India are limited. The burden of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is unknown in the asymptomatic blood donor population.

Revisiting the markers interleukin-6 and glucagon-like peptide-1 for targeting low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and our lab experience.

Aim: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) manifests as pancreatic disorder as a consequence of low-grade systemic inflammation, attributed to upregulated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6). This in turn is associated with a reduced incretin effect with lower circulatory GLP-1 levels. Therefore, its important to monitor the circulating IL-6 and GLP-1 levels for better management and outcomes in T2DM patients.

Perceived Learning and Feedback of Students Following the Competency-based Clinical Rotation in Psychiatry: A Retrospective Review From Tertiary-care Teaching Institute in Central India.

Background: Competency-based medical education (CBME) offers avenues for effective psychiatry teaching to medical students. However, data concerning the feasibility, effectiveness, and students' perspectives on CBME-based clinical rotation, including psychiatry, needs to be explored in India. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the student's learning effectiveness and feedback on the CBME-informed psychiatry posting.

Longitudinal Study of Oral Precancerous Lesions: Transformation Rate and Predictive Markers for Malignancy.

Background: One of the main risk factors for the occurrence of oral cancer is oral precancerous lesions (OPLs). Early management and preventive efforts depend on knowing the transformation rate and detecting predictive signs of malignancy.

Methods: For 6 months, a group of 200 individuals with clinically diagnosed OPLs was followed up on in this longitudinal research.

Retrospective Analysis of Treatment Outcomes and Survival Rates in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Background: Because of its high rates of morbidity and death, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) poses a serious threat to world health. To maximize patient care and direct clinical decision-making, it is important to comprehend treatment results and survival rates.

Methods: Treatment results and survival rates for OSCC patients treated at a tertiary care facility between 2010 and 2022 were assessed in this retrospective research.

Assessment of Complications in Dental Implant Surgery.

Background: Dental implant surgery has become a standard procedure for replacing missing teeth, boasting high success rates. However, complications can occur, affecting treatment outcomes. Understanding the nature and frequency of these complications is essential for optimizing patient care.

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Their Clinical Relevance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review.

Assessing oxidative stress is vital in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. This systematic review aims to identify the most important oxidative stress markers in T2DM patients and predict associated complications. A literature search was conducted from 2013 to 2023, focusing on case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, and randomized control trials.

Uniqueness of lung cancer in Southeast Asia.

Lung cancer varies between Caucasians and Asians. There have been differences recorded in the epidemiology, genomics, standard therapies and outcomes, with variations according to the geography and ethnicity which affect the decision for optimal treatment of the patients. To better understand the profile of lung cancer in Southeast Asia, with a focus on India, we have comprehensively reviewed the available data, and discuss the challenges and the way forward.

Operational feasibility and multi-centric evaluation of 'TB sputum microscopy kit' for the direct detection of in field settings.

Background: India relies primarily on direct smear microscopy for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. However, the low sensitivity of smear microscopy emphasizes the need to improve its performance. We recently described the development of 'TB' kit which showed improved performance over direct smear microscopy at National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) in India.

Trends of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis in a reference laboratory in Central India: Forging ahead towards TB elimination.

Purpose: The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) of the Government of India has strived to control tuberculosis (TB) in the country through various interventions. Understanding the trends of resistance patterns may provide insights into the effectiveness of TB control activities in the country.

Methods: A total of 31,144 clinical samples were received from 2013 to 2022 from presumptive drug-resistant TB patients.

PD-DETECTOR: A sustainable and computationally intelligent mobile application model for Parkinson's disease severity assessment.

This paper introduces a mobile cloud-based predictive model for assisting Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. PD, a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, impairs motor functions and daily tasks due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. The model utilizes smartphones to aid patients in collecting voice samples, which are then sent to a cloud service for storage and processing.

Autophagy-mediated ID1 turnover dictates chemo-resistant fate in ovarian cancer stem cells.

Background: The mechanisms enabling dynamic shifts between drug-resistant and drug-sensitive states in cancer cells are still underexplored. This study investigated the role of targeted autophagic protein degradation in regulating ovarian cancer stem cell (CSC) fate decisions and chemo-resistance.

Methods: Autophagy levels were compared between CSC-enriched side population (SP) and non-SP cells (NSP) in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy.

Prevalence and types of cancer in older Indians: A multicentric observational study across 17 institutions in India.

The global demographic and epidemiological transition have led to a rapidly increasing burden of cancer, particularly among older adults. There are scant data on the prevalence and demographic pattern of cancer in older Indian persons. This was a multicentric observational study conducted between January 2019 and December 2020.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in adolescents with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes multimorbidity-a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Aim: To synthesize the evidence on the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.

Materials And Methods: For this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched five databases and registries until 2 March 2024 for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was weight change.