Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in multi drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria: A snapshot from a tertiary care centre.

Background: This study aims to enhance the existing knowledge of the prevalence of genes responsible for beta-lactam resistance and aminoglycoside resistance in gram negative organisms by molecular detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria.

Methods: Out of 864 gram-negative isolates, 710 were phenotypically identified as multidrug-resistant by antibiotic susceptibility testing. From the above isolates, 102 representative isolates as per sample size calculated were selected for further molecular studies.

A survey on management practices of hypotension in preterm neonates: an Indian perspective.

Background: Hypotension is a common entity in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and is reported in 24%-50% of preterm infants with birth weight less than 1,500 g. Rapid diagnosis and aggressive management is crucial to reduce its detrimental effects on end-organs especially the brain. Physicians often rely on blood pressure alone as a reliable indicator of tissue perfusion, but variations exist in the definition of this crucial parameter.

How do adolescents perceive body image and respond to body dissatisfaction?

Objectives: To assess adolescents' attitudes, satisfaction, and practices regarding their body image across body mass index (BMI) categories.

Methods: In this cross-sectional survey (2019-2020), we recorded anthropometry of 2,089 girls and boys between 13 and 17 years from semi-urban schools in western India. Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was used for multidimensional attitudinal assessment of body image and weight-related variables.

Newer Modalities and Updates in the Management of Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review.

Sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common autosomal recessive genetic disorder, affects the hemoglobin (Hb) chains in human red blood cells. It is caused by mutations in the β-globin genes, leading to the production of hemoglobin S, which results in the formation of sickle-shaped red blood cells (RBCs). These abnormal cells cause hemolysis, endothelial damage, and small vessel occlusion, leading to both acute and long-term complications.

Assessing palliative care practices in intensive care units and interpreting them using the lens of appropriate care concepts. An umbrella review.

Purpose: Intensive care units (ICUs) have significant palliative care needs but lack a reliable care framework. This umbrella review addresses them by synthesising palliative care practices provided at end-of-life to critically ill patients and their families before, during, and after ICU admission.

Methods: Seven databases were systematically searched for systematic reviews, and the umbrella review was conducted according to the guidelines laid out by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).

Significance of p16 in Site-Specific Human Papillomavirus-Positive and Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC).

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a group of cancers characterized by diverse origins and changing epidemiological patterns. The significance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in certain HNSCC cases has gained attention for its impact on the disease's behavior. Our current research focused on exploring the importance of using p16 as an HNSCC biomarker, particularly in the context of HPV infection, assessing its value in prognosis, and examining its variation across different tumor locations.

Subclinical leaflet thrombosis and anticoagulation strategy following trans-catheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review.

Objective: Subclinical leaflet thrombosis (SLT) develops in 15% of patients undergoing trans-catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). TAVR is a procedure in which a faulty aortic valve is replaced with a mechanical one. An aortic valve replacement can be done with open-heart surgery; this is called surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).

Efficacy of an online lung ultrasound module on skill acquisition by clinician: a new paradigm.

Introduction: Lung ultrasound (LUS) as an assessment tool has seen significant expansion in adult, paediatric, and neonatal populations due to advancements in point-of-care ultrasound over the past two decades. However, with fewer experts and learning platforms available in low- and middle-income countries and the lack of a standardised supervised training programme, LUS is not currently effectively used to the best of its potential in neonatal units.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey assessed the efficacy of learning LUS via a mentor-based online teaching module (NEOPOCUS).

Characteristics and Outcomes of 7620 Multiple Sclerosis Patients Admitted With COVID-19 in the United States.

Background: At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several experts raised concerns about its impact on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. This study aims to provide a perspective using the biggest inpatient database from the United States.

Method: We screened for COVID-19 cases between April to December 2020, via the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS).

Efficacy of pregabalin, amitriptyline, and gabapentin for neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain largely influences the well-being of patients. Anticonvulsant and antidepressant medications, such as Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Amitriptyline, are routinely prescribed as initial treatments for neuropathic pain. The study sample has a total of 270 patients who meet the inclusion criteria and are further distributed into three equally sized groups (A, B, and C).

Comparative efficacy of volume expansion, inotropes and vasopressors in preterm neonates with probable transitional circulatory instability in the first week of life: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: There exists limited agreement on the recommendations for the treatment of transitional circulatory instability (TCI) in preterm neonates OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of various interventions used to treat TCI METHODS: Medline and Embase were searched from inception to 21 July 2023. Two authors extracted the data independently. A Bayesian random effects network meta-analysis was used.

Examining prevalence and predictors of pulmonary hypertension in adults with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a population-based analysis in the United States.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) often complicates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive parenchymal lung disease. We investigated predictors of PH in IPF hospitalizations in the United States. We identified IPF hospital- izations with or without PH using the National Inpatient Sample (2018) and relevant ICD-10-CM codes.

The Usefulness of Dramatics for Teaching Cutaneous Tuberculosis: An Edutainment Approach for Postgraduate Medical Students.

About 1.5% of tuberculosis manifestations is cutaneous and accounts for 0.1-0.

Comparison of the efficacy of propranolol versus amitriptyline as monotherapy for prophylaxis of migraine.

Background: Approximately 15% of migraine sufferers need preventative medicine because they have more than two episodes each month. Migraine is a regular, persistent condition that frequently makes victims helpless. Numerous drugs from various classes have so far been used in migraine prophylaxis.

Assessing readability and comprehension of web-based patient education materials by American Heart Association (AHA) and CardioSmart online platform by American College of Cardiology (ACC): How useful are these websites for patient understanding?

Unlabelled: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of morbidity & mortality worldwide. Patient education materials help patients understand the disease and its management. Health literacy is an important challenge that may contribute to health inequities and disparities.

Navigating diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in ocular manifestations of Hansen's disease and trachoma: A narrative review.

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) encompass a group of approximately 20 diseases prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, closely associated with poverty, affecting over a billion people in low-income countries. This manuscript aims to explore the ocular manifestations and burden of two significant NTDs, namely Hansen's disease and trachoma while addressing gaps in understanding and management. Hansen's disease, caused by Mycobacterium leprae , has a long history and presents with diverse neurological and ocular manifestations.

Palliative and end-of-life care practices for critically ill patients and their families in a peri-intensive care setting: A protocol for an umbrella review.

Objectives: This umbrella review will summarize palliative and end-of-life care practices in peri-intensive care settings by reviewing systematic reviews in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Evidence suggests that integrating palliative care into ICU management, initiating conversations about care goals, and providing psychological and emotional support can significantly enhance patient and family outcomes.

Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for umbrella reviews will be followed.

Association of multiple sclerosis with stroke: A comprehensive review.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder characterized by the degradation of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. Research indicates that individuals with MS exhibit a higher susceptibility to stroke compared to the general population. This association is rooted in shared underlying mechanisms, specifically involving neuroinflammatory processes.

The effects of the interplay between vitamins, antibiotics, and gut microbiota on the pathogenesis and progression of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Given that there is already evidence of a neural network that connects the brain and gut and that the gut microbiota actively modulates gut health, it is crucial to know which foods, supplements, and medications to use or avoid when treating any disease that causes dementia or cognitive impairment. Previous research has examined the relationships between vitamins, antibiotics, and gut microbiota and the correlations between these factors and dementia. The question arises of how these three factors interact together and if evidence suggests one element is more important than the others in the pathogenesis and development of dementia.

Point-of-care Ultrasound to Diagnose and Monitor the Course of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Context: Neonatal gut ultrasound (US) is an emerging clinical tool for quick diagnosis and prognosis in various abdominal pathologies. In this review, we summarize normal gut US findings and concentrate on the specifications of diagnosing necrotizing enterocolitis.

Evidence: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across numerous sources with relevant keywords along with the specified age group of 0-28 days of life.

Comparison of Nutritional Status of Healthy Under-Five Indian Children Using Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure on WHO 2006 versus 2019 Indian Synthetic Growth Charts.

Objectives: To assess nutritional status of apparently-healthy under-five Indian children using Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and to compare anthropometric failure prevalence using conventional indices and CIAF on World Health Organization (WHO) vs. synthetic Indian growth charts.

Methods: This observational study was conducted over 2 y.