Establishing the Cut-Off Values of 17-Hydroxyprogesterone for Diagnosing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Prospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder primarily caused by 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency, impairing cortisol synthesis and resulting in elevated androgen levels. CAH presents in two classical forms: salt-wasting (SW) and simple virilizing (SV). Although CAH is rare in India, regional variations and the absence of a national newborn screening (NBS) program pose significant challenges to accurate diagnosis.

Quantum leap in the diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders - A review of literature.

Early diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) can bring about considerable improvement in reducing the statistics related to morbidity and mortality associated with oral cancer. The objective of this review was to summarize advanced diagnostic aids used for OPMDs. Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases from 1969 to 2022 focus on advanced diagnostic techniques for potentially malignant disorders.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) to Platelet Count Ratio in the Prognosis of Neonatal and Pediatric Sepsis.

Objectives: To calculate and assess the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV)/ platelet count (PLT) ratios and their trends as prognostic indicators in neonates and children with sepsis.

Methods: This prospective observational study was planned over a period of two years at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Two hundred seventy children with clinical suspicion of or diagnosed as sepsis were enrolled.

Outpatient Management of a Pediatric Morel-Lavallée Lesion: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Case: Pediatric Morel-Lavallée lesions are infrequent and may present in atypical locations. A 3-year-old boy presented with a nontender, mobile, cystic swelling on the medial aspect of his left distal thigh, 2 weeks after a road traffic accident. The diagnosis was confirmed using 3D ultrasonography.

Expert consensus and recommendations on the live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine and immunization practices in India.

While Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) vaccination in global immunization programs has shown a virtual elimination of the disease within few years of the vaccination program, changing epidemiological landscape in India underscores the need for evidence-based, updated guidance on immunization practices. In May 2024, a panel of 15 distinguished opinion leaders and an organizing committee convened for an intensive, face-to-face advisory board meeting on high burden of HAV infection among adults, increased mortality rate in adolescents, symptomatic presentation in children, and evolving landscape globally and within India. Extensive comparable deliberations on long-term follow-up data from India and data from country of origin advocated immunogenicity, tolerability, and long-term protective effects of single-dose live attenuated HAV vaccine in children.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Non-diabetic and Non-hypertensive Population.

Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases, especially diabetes and hypertension, have emerged as significant public health challenges. Regular screening, even among healthy individuals, is essential for early diagnosis and prevention of complications.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban ward of the Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad municipal corporation in Maharashtra, India, and cluster random sampling was used to collect data.

Effect of Build Orientation on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Additively Manufactured Resins Using Digital Light Processing Technology in Dentistry: A Systematic Review.

Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of build orientation on the mechanical and physical properties of additively manufactured resin using digital light processing (DLP).

Background: The properties of 3D-printed materials are influenced by various factors, including the type of additive manufacturing (AM) system and build orientation. There is a scarcity of literature on the effect of build orientation on the mechanical and physical properties of additively manufactured resins using DLP technology in dentistry.

Evaluating Cost-effectiveness and Mixing Efficacy for Elastomeric and Temporary Restorative Material Using Two Mixing Tips: A SEM-EDS Analysis.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the mixing efficacy and cost-effectiveness of new T-mixer tips against the standard double helical tips for a light-body elastomeric impression and a temporary/interim restorative material using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Methodology: Automixed samples ( = 16) were divided into four groups of four samples each: Samples that were mixed with Helical tip for elastomer, T-mixer tip for elastomer, Helical tip for interim restorative material, and T-mixer tip for interim restorative material. These samples were then evaluated for SEM analysis.

Acceptance of Parents toward Hand-over-mouth Exercise and Other Behavior Management Techniques for Pediatric Dental Care in the 21st Century: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

Background: Hand-over-mouth exercise (HOME) is an aversive technique for child behavior management in a dental office. HOME has been omitted from various guidelines and certain teaching curricula due to legal and ethical issues. This systematic review meta-analysis (SRMA) was undertaken to understand the acceptance of parents toward HOME in comparison with that of other behavior management techniques (BMTs).

Comparative Evaluation of Apical Leakage in Root Canal Obturation Using AH Plus Sealer, Bioceramic Sealer, and Bioceramic Sealer Incorporated With Chitosan Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction Endodontic re-infections primarily occur due to the ingress of bacteria and their toxins through an incomplete seal following obturation. A variety of sealers have been developed to achieve effective integration with the different obturation materials and dentinal tubules. To choose the right endodontic sealer and application for each clinical instance, one must be aware of the attributes of the various sealers commonly used in clinical practice.

Enhancing Infection Control in ICUS Through AI: A Literature Review.

Introduction: Infection control in intensive care units (ICUs) is crucial due to the high risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which can increase patient morbidity, mortality, and costs. Effective measures such as hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), patient isolation, and environmental cleaning are vital to minimize these risks. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to enhance infection control, from predicting outbreaks to optimizing antimicrobial use, ultimately improving patient safety and care in ICUs.

Optimizing orthodontic anchorage: comparative evaluation of larger diameter, shorter length mini-implants for enhanced mechanical stability.

We aim to assess and contrast the mechanical stability of two mini-implant designs, featuring larger diameters and shorter lengths, for orthodontic anchorage against a conventional group of implants.

Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome - Simplifying the approach for dermatologists. Part 1: Etiopathogenesis, clinical features and evaluation.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas characterised by a cutaneous infiltration of malignant monoclonal T lymphocytes. While this broad spectrum of disease with its varied etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management options are well characterised, an approach from a dermatologist's perspective is lacking in the literature. We strive to elucidate the approach from a clinician's point of view, especially in respect of clinical examination, investigations, staging and management options that are available in the realm of the dermatologists.

Cortical Laminar Bone Membrane: Transforming Regenerative Approaches in Dentistry.

Cortical laminar bone membrane (CLBM) is well known for its extraordinary mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteoconductive potential, and thus, it has been revealed as a revolutionary biomaterial in periodontal and alveolar bone regeneration. CLBM offers a superior alternative to traditional barrier membranes used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR). CLBM represents a significant advancement in managing complex defects by overcoming common limitations such as premature degradation and inadequate soft tissue support.

Renal artery angioplasty in Takayasu disease: Difficult anatomy addressed with a novel technique.

Takayasu arteritis is a well-established medical entity involving inflammatory changes in large arteries. We describe a characteristic case of Takayasu arteritis, in a young woman with significant renal artery stenosis, presenting with hypertensive urgency. Unsuccessful guide wire passage due to fibrotic septae in lumen of the left renal artery necessitated an innovative interventional approach, using an IMA-guide catheter and a UB3 coronary guidewire to cross the lesions, followed by placement of a coronary drug eluting stent, with an aim to avoid restenosis.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia sepsis in preterm neonates.

, an environmentally ubiquitous microbe, is a challenging opportunistic pathogen in the hospital setting. Neonates are particularly vulnerable to infection with but information on presentation, therapeutic response and outcome of such infection in this population is limited. To expand this knowledge, we report here a series of five cases.

Angiogenic Markers in Gestational Diabetes and their Association with Placental Dimensions.

GDM is an increasing global concern, with its etiology not fully understood, though altered placental function is likely to play a role. Placental angiogenesis, essential for sufficient blood flow and nutrient exchange between mother and fetus, may be affected by GDM. However, the role of angiogenic markers in GDM remains unclear.

Knowledge, attitude, and experience of dentists toward child abuse and neglect. A cross-sectional study.

Context: Child abuse and neglect can be described as all kinds of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, neglect, commercial and/or any other type of exploitation resulting in any potential of causing hurt or an actual form of harm to a child's general health, growth, survival, and dignity. The dentist is in a position to identify physical signs of physical abuse in a child hence, it is important to gauge the knowledge level and perception regarding child abuse and neglect.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to ascertain the knowledge, attitude, and experience regarding child abuse and neglect among dentists in India.

Knowledge and awareness of child sexual abuse related to POCSO (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences) Act among medical and dental professionals in India: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The POCSO (Protection Of Children from Sexual Offences) Act was introduced in 2012 as a measure to safeguard and prevent interests of children affected by sexual crimes. Both medical and dental professionals are capable of identifying such cases.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of child sexual abuse related to POCSO Act among both medical and dental professionals in India.

Dengue infection changes the expressions of CD154 and CD148 in human platelets.

Platelets are essential for hemostasis and vascular integrity. Platelets recognize dengue virus through the DC-SIGN receptor. Upon pathogen recognition, platelets rapidly modulate the expression of adhesion molecules to trigger immune cell interactions and regulate the immune response.

Development of Multimodal Training Tool for Preterm Infant Care.

Objectives: Comprehensive packages for training healthcare professionals who care for premature newborns are scarce. AIIMS WHO CC, New Delhi, partnered with India Association of Neonatal Nurses (IANN) and National Neonatology Forum (NNF) and 35 national leaders in the field of newborn care to develop a multimodal educational package for preterm infants.

Methods: Findings from evaluation of four representative special newborn care units in the state of Madhya Pradesh informed the content of the package.

Assessment of Symptom Burden and Quality of Life in Patients With Primary Brain Tumours Attending Palliative Care in a Tertiary Cancer Care Centre.

Patients with primary brain tumors navigate a distinct illness trajectory, characterized by an uncertain prognosis, a rapid decline in physical functioning, and a significant deterioration in the quality of life. These unique challenges underscore the importance of our research in understanding and addressing the needs of these patients. The EORTC QLQ C30 & EORTC BN 20 questionnaires assessed the quality of life and symptom burden in patients with primary brain tumors.