Leveraging deep transfer learning and explainable AI for accurate COVID-19 diagnosis: Insights from a multi-national chest CT scan study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global health crisis, impacting millions worldwide. Although chest computed tomography (CT) scan images are pivotal in diagnosing COVID-19, their manual interpretation by radiologists is time-consuming and potentially subjective. Automated computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) frameworks offer efficient and objective solutions.

Unraveling the Autoxidation Mechanisms of Limonene, α-Pinene, and β-Pinene: A Computational Study with Reactivity Prediction Models.

The hydrogen shift reactions of peroxy radicals derived from the ȮH-initiated oxidation of three atmospherically important monoterpenes, limonene, α-pinene, and β-pinene, have been studied. The Bell-Evans-Polanyi relationship (BEPR), Marcus cross relationship (MCR), and Robert-Steel relationship (RSR) are employed to study the factors that contribute to the kinetics of the H-shift reactions. Our results show distinct kinetic behaviors based on the size of the transition-state ring, the functional group present at the H atom abstraction site, and the type of carbon-centered radical formed.

Developmental toxicity, biochemical and biomarker in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo exposed to biosynthesized cadmium oxide nanoparticles.

Cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO-NPs) play an important role in health applications due to their antibacterial properties. However, ecotoxicological investigations of these NPs and their adverse effects on aquatic organisms are necessary to protect the environment. Zebrafish is widely used as a model organism to explore toxic effects at multiple levels of integration.

Esculin, a Coumarin Glucoside Prevents Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Larvae.

Fluoride (F) is a major groundwater contaminant spread across the world. In excess concentrations, F can be detrimental to living beings. F exposure is linked to cellular redox dyshomeostasis, leading to oxidative stress-mediated pathologies including heart dysfunction.

Structure based interaction and molecular dynamics studies of cysteine protease Cathepsin B against curcumin and resveratrol.

The lysosomal cysteine peptidase Cathepsin B is identified as a pivotal contributor to cancer development. In the pursuit of discovering less toxic inhibitors for Cathepsin B, various organic compounds have undergone thorough investigation and are being studied at the moment in clinical studies for cancer treatment. Notably, curcumin and resveratrol emerge as prominent candidates.

Virtual Probing on the Influence of Ca and Zn Bound S100A8 and S100A9 Proteins Towards their Interaction Against Pattern Recognition Receptors Aggravating Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released on the onset of tissue injury or death, which tend to trigger innate immunity and regulate various immune pathways. Among the various DAMP molecules, S100A8 and S100A9 belonging to Ca binding proteins with EF-hands and Zn ion binding sites have been implicated in aggravating the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), upon interaction with pattern recognition receptors (PRR) such as TLR4, RAGE and CD36 receptors. Thus, the present study aims to assess the effect of Ca or Zn ions on the interaction of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins towards the PRRs.

Copper oxide nanoparticles induced reactive oxygen species generation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are widely employed in various industrial and biomedical applications owing to their enhanced physicochemical characteristics. However, concerns regarding their adverse effects on biological systems upon entering the environment remain unexplored. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the primary mechanisms in CuO NPs induced toxicity.

Investigating the Antiproliferative Activity of Novel 4-Chloro-8-Nitro-1,2-Dihydro-3-Quinoline Acylhydrazones on Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines.

A new series of acyl hydrazones have been synthesized from 4-chloro-8-nitro-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde. These compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Density functional theoretical (DFT) studies were conducted to understand the correlation between electronic parameters and biological activity.

Screening of multi-metal tolerant plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) WA4 and its assistance on phytoextraction of heavy metals (Cu, Ag and Pb).

In the current study, coal fly ash contaminated soil was collected in and around Mettur Thermal Power Station, Salem district, Tamil Nadu. The metal concentrations present in the coal fly ash soil samples were analyzed and also used for the isolation of bacteria. The isolates were screened for their multi-metal resistance against three heavy metals (Cu, Ag and Pb) and plant growth-promoting traits (siderophore, phosphate solubilization, IAA, cellulase, HCN, and ammonia production).

Demystifying Synergistic Multifunctional Electrocatalysis of N-Doped Graphene/WS Heterostructure with Single-Atom Catalysts for Water Splitting and Fuel Cells.

As the demand for sustainable energy continues to rise, electrocatalysis has become increasingly prominent in the advancement of clean energy technologies. By scrutinizing the material to function as a multifunctional catalyst, the effectiveness of energy conversion processes is significantly enhanced. This study focuses on harnessing graphene/WS van der Waals heterostructures for overall water splitting and fuel cell applications, using transition metals (TMs) from Sc-Zn as single-atom catalysts (SACs).

Delineating Notch1 and Notch2: Receptor-Specific Significance and Therapeutic Importance of Pinpoint Targeting Strategies for Hematological Malignancies.

Notch1 and Notch2, transmembrane receptors belonging to the Notch family, are pivotal mediators of intercellular communication and have profound implications including cell fate determination, embryonic development, and tissue homeostasis in various cellular processes. Despite their structural homology, Notch1 and Notch2 exhibit discrete phenotypic characteristics and functional nuances that necessitate their individualized targeting in specific medical scenarios. Aberrant Notch signaling, often driven by the dysregulated activity of one receptor over the other, is implicated under various pathological conditions.

Exploring the fascinating interplay of epigenetically modified DNA bases with two dimensional bare and P-doped SiBN and BN sheets for biosensing applications: A compelling DFT perspective.

Detecting epigenetically modified (EM) bases is crucial for disease detection, biosensing, and DNA sequencing. Two-dimensional P-doped SiBN and BN sheets are used as sensing substrates in density functional theory (DFT) studies. Both the sheets are doped with a phosphorous atom at various atomic sites to examine the sheet's potential in detecting 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmc), 5-methylcytosine (5mc), 7-methylguanine (7mg) and 8-oxoguanine (8oxg) bases.

An appropriate artificial intelligence technique for plastic materials recycling using bipolar dual hesitant fuzzy set.

Plastic recycling has become more important than ever as the globe struggles with growing environmental issues. This research explores the significant environmental impact of recycling plastic and its growing relevance. The pervasive material known as plastic presents a complex risk to both human health and ecosystems in contemporary life.

Isolation and characterization of salt-stress-tolerant rhizosphere soil bacteria and their effects on plant growth-promoting properties.

PGPR has a higher potential impact on agricultural crops. It enhances plant growth and development in a variety of adverse environmental conditions, including biotic and abiotic stresses. The PGPR is commercially vital since it is more efficient, safe for the environment, and beneficial to the economy.

A strategic review of STAT3 signaling inhibition by phytochemicals for cancer prevention and treatment: Advances and insights.

Cancer remains a significant global health concern. The dysregulation of signaling networks in tumor cells greatly affects their functions. This review intends to explore phytochemicals possessing potent anticancer properties that specifically target the STAT3 signaling pathway, elucidating strategies and emphasizing their potential as promising candidates for cancer therapy.

Metal-organic framework-derived Se-blended ZrO with a nitrogen-doped carbon heterostructure for electrocatalytic overall water splitting.

Designing low cost, highly active and efficient non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts with remarkable operational reliability for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is indispensable for large-scale water electrolysis and the development of clean energy conversion technologies. Herein, we decorated a two-dimensional (2D) selenium-blended zirconium dioxide (Se-ZrO) on the surface of a nitrogen-doped carbon heterostructure (Se-ZrO@NC), which was derived from Zr-metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs), and loaded it on a stainless-steel mesh electrode. Accordingly, phenomenal electrocatalytic performance was observed for the Se-ZrO@NC-loaded electrode with a minimum overpotential of 48 mV for the HER and 251 mV for the OER at 10 mA cm current density in acidic and alkaline mediums, respectively.

Targeting STAT3, FOXO3a, and Pim-1 kinase by FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor-Radotinib: An in silico and in vitro approach.

Cancer, a multifactorial pathological condition, is primarily caused due to mutations in multiple genes. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a form of primary liver cancer that is often diagnosed at the advanced stage. Current treatment strategies for advanced HCC involve systemic therapies which are often hindered due to the emergence of resistance and toxicity.

Emerging perspectives: the interplay of taste perception and oral microbiota composition in dietary preferences and obesity.

Recent advancements in sensory research have brought to light the intricate relationship between taste perception and the oral microbiota, prompting investigations into their influence on human health, particularly in the context of dietary preferences and obesity. This review aims to update the current understanding of how oral microbiota influence taste perception and dietary choices, elucidating shared metabolic pathways between food processing and oral bacteria. Further, this review outlines the mechanisms underlying taste perception, emphasising the role of taste receptors and taste buds in shaping sensory experiences influenced by genetic and environmental factors.