Effect of Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria in Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Malaria in pregnancy increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a core vector control strategy used to reduce transmission in endemic areas; however, its efficacy in reducing the sequelae of malaria in pregnancy is not well described. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for all studies assessing IRS exposure during pregnancy.

Microbial regulation of ferroptosis in cancer.

Different gut microbial metabolites have the potential to promote and protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). A study now links -3-indoleacrylic acid (IDA), a metabolite derived from , with colorectal carcinogenesis through a distinct ferroptosis pathway AHR–ALDH1A3–FSP1–CoQ.

Differential Time-To-Promotion Trajectories Among Female and Male Neurosurgeons Contribute to Gender Disparities in Academic Rank Achievement.

Objective: Despite the increasing representation of females in neurosurgical training, the fraction of female to male neurosurgeons decreases dramatically as faculty rank (Assistant, Associate, or Full Professor) increases. To assess this discrepancy, we quantified self-reported time-to-promotion trajectories for female and male neurosurgeons holding academic appointments.

Methods: In this cross-sectional institutional review board (IRB)-approved study, 147 female and 84 male neurosurgeons currently holding faculty positions in the US were contacted via email and invited to complete an anonymous, standardized survey.

Total Calcium Intake Is Associated With Trabecular Bone Density in Adolescent Girls With Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) confers an increased risk of fracture and is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and altered microarchitecture compared with controls. Adequate calcium (Ca) intake promotes bone mineralization, thereby increasing BMD. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the associations of total daily Ca intake with bone outcomes among youth with T1D.

Dietary fat and lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment.

Metabolic reprogramming has been considered a core hallmark of cancer, in which excessive accumulation of lipids promote cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. Lipid metabolism often includes the digestion and absorption of dietary fat, and the ways in which cancer cells utilize lipids are often influenced by the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Among multiple cancer risk factors, obesity has a positive association with multiple cancer types, while diets like calorie restriction and fasting improve health and delay cancer.

New Frontiers in the Role of Locoregional Therapies in Breast Cancer: Proceedings from the Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation Research Consensus Panel.

Emerging evidence regarding the effectiveness of locoregional therapies (LRTs) for breast cancer has prompted investigation of the potential role of interventional radiology (IR) in the care continuum of patients with breast cancer. The Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation invited 7 key opinion leaders to develop research priorities to delineate the role of LRTs in both primary and metastatic breast cancer. The objectives of the research consensus panel were to identify knowledge gaps and opportunities pertaining to the treatment of primary and metastatic breast cancer, establish priorities for future breast cancer LRT clinical trials, and highlight lead technologies that will improve breast cancer outcomes either alone or in combination with other therapies.

Method comparison and estimation of causal effects of insomnia on health outcomes in a survey sampled population.

Applying causal inference methods, such as weighting and matching methods, to a survey sampled population requires properly incorporating the survey weights and design to obtain effect estimates that are representative of the target population and correct standard errors (SEs). With a simulation study, we compared various approaches for incorporating the survey weights and design into weighting and matching-based causal inference methods. When the models were correctly specified, most approaches performed well.

Anticipated age of perimenopausal experiences, stress, satisfaction, and health and well-being: observations from the Women Living Better Survey.

Objective: People's expectations about the timing of developmental events, specifically the ages at which they will occur, are influenced by social and cultural contexts. When expected timing and lived experience are divergent, events such as menopause may be associated with greater stress or distress. We hypothesized that being "off-time," that is, experiencing perimenopause-related menstrual cycle changes or symptoms in a timeframe before a person expects them, would lead to worse ratings on measures of stress, satisfaction, and health.

Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia and other arterial abnormalities leading to abducens nerve palsy.

Introduction: Dolichoectatic vessels can cause cranial nerve dysfunction by either direct compression or ischemia. Abducens nerve palsy due to neurovascular compression by elongated, enlarged, tortuous or dilated arteries is an uncommon but important cause.

Aim: To highlight neurovascular compression as a cause of abducens nerve palsy and discuss various diagnostic techniques.

Evidence of Chronic Complement Activation in Asymptomatic Pediatric Brain Injury Patients: A Pilot Study.

Physical insult from a mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) leads to changes in blood flow in the brain and measurable changes in white matter, suggesting a physiological basis for chronic symptom presentation. Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is frequently reported by persons after an mTBI that may persist beyond the acute period (>3 months). It remains unclear whether ongoing inflammation may contribute to the clinical trajectory of PTH.

The Association of Protein Biomarkers With Incident Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are distinct clinical entities, yet there is scant evidence for associations of proteomic signatures with future development of HFpEF versus HFrEF.

Methods: We evaluated the association of 71 protein biomarkers with incident HFpEF versus HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ versus <50%) among Framingham Heart Study participants using multivariable Cox models.

Results: Among 7038 participants (mean age 49 years; 54% women), 5 biomarkers were associated with increased risk of incident HFpEF (false discovery rate q<0.

Psychological resilience in older adults with type 2 diabetes from the Look AHEAD Trial.

Background: There is growing interest in identifying factors associated with healthy aging. This cross-sectional study evaluated associations of psychological resilience with factors associated with aging in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Participants were 3199 adults (72.

Palliative Care Needs and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Advanced Cancer in the Emergency Department.

Older adults with cancer use the emergency department (ED) for acute concerns. Characterize the palliative care needs and clinical outcomes of advanced cancer patients in the ED. A planned secondary data analysis of the Comprehensive Oncologic Emergencies Research Network (CONCERN) data.

Comparative Effectiveness of Persistent Use of a Name-Brand Levothyroxine (Synthroid®) vs. Persistent Use of Generic Levothyroxine on TSH Goal Achievement: A Retrospective Study Among Patients with Hypothyroidism in a Managed Care Setting.

Introduction: Levothyroxine monotherapy (Synthroid® or multiple generic levothyroxine [GL] formulations) is standard treatment for hypothyroidism. Our objective was to compare effectiveness (as measured by achievement of thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] levels) and economic outcomes of Synthroid vs. any one of multiple GLs in patients with hypothyroidism.

Contemporary Outcomes After Partial Resection of Infected Aortic Grafts.

Introduction: Aortic graft infection remains a considerable clinical challenge, and it is unclear which variables are associated with adverse outcomes among patients undergoing partial resection.

Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional study of patients who underwent partial resection of infected aortic grafts from 2002 to 2014 was performed using a standard database. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, operative, and postoperative variables were recorded.

New frontiers in esophageal radiology.

Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Advances in treatment have translated into steadily improving survival rates. Accurate preoperative staging of esophageal cancer is imperative in order to provide an accurate prognosis and direct patients to the most appropriate treatment.

Digital mHealth Interventions for Employees: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Their Effects on Workplace Outcomes.

Objectives: To justify the capital investment, employers require proof of benefit of digital mHealth beyond symptomatic improvement.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to identify studies investigating digital mHealth interventions for employees and their effects on workplace outcomes.

Results: We identified 28 eligible studies, (8023 employees) comparing digital mHealth interventions to controls.

PPARγ-induced upregulation of subcutaneous fat adiponectin secretion, glyceroneogenesis and BCAA oxidation requires mTORC1 activity.

The nutrient sensors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) closely interact in the regulation of adipocyte lipid storage. The precise mechanisms underlying this interaction and whether this extends to other metabolic processes and the endocrine function of adipocytes are still unknown. We investigated herein the involvement of mTORC1 as a mediator of the actions of the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone in subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass, endocrine function, lipidome, transcriptome and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism.

Visitation policies at NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: Family/caregiver visitation provides critical support for patients confronting cancer and is associated with positive outcomes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic brought historic disruptions including widespread visitation restrictions. Here, we characterize in-depth the visitor policies of NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers (CCCs) and analyze geographic/temporal patterns across CCCs.

Metastases can occur in cirrhotic livers with patent portal veins.

Objectives: Metastases are common in non-cirrhotic livers but are considered unlikely in the setting of cirrhosis. However, the degree of fibrosis in cirrhosis may vary; thus metastases may still access the liver vasculature and present as a mass in cirrhotic livers. This possibility may affect pathologists' diagnostic algorithms when faced with a liver mass biopsy.

Predictors of pharmacologic therapy for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: a retrospective analysis of a statewide database.

Objective: Identify factors associated with the need for pharmacologic therapy (PT) among opioid exposed newborn (OENs).

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of a statewide database of OENs from 2017 through 2019. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression modeled the association of maternal characteristics, infant characteristics, and family engagement practices on the receipt of PT.

The efficacy of an anti-protrusio plate in patients with anterior column posterior hemitransverse and associated both column acetabular fractures.

Introduction: Acetabular fractures in the elderly population are particularly challenging for orthopedic fracture surgeons to treat. Anterior column posterior hemitransverse (ACH) and both column (BC) fractures account for over 70% of these injuries in geriatric patients. Nonoperative management of these injuries has a mortality of about 79% and patients generally have a minimal chance of return to independent living.