Resensitizing β-Lactams by Reprogramming Purine Metabolism in Small Colony Variant for Osteomyelitis Treatment.

Small colony variant (SCV) is strongly linked to antibiotic resistance and the persistence of osteomyelitis. However, the intrinsic phenotypic instability of SCV has hindered a thorough investigation of its pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, phenotypically stable SCV strains are successfully recovered from clinical specimens, characterized by elevated drug resistance and reduced immunogenicity.

Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Metabolic Mediators in the Community.

Background And Aims: Individuals with steatotic liver disease (SLD) are at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but approaches to characterise and mitigate this risk are limited. By investigating relations, and shared metabolic pathways, of hepatic steatosis/fibrosis and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), we sought to identify new avenues for CVD risk reduction in SLD.

Methods: In Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants (N = 2722, age 54 ± 9 years, 53% women), vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) was performed between 2016-2019 to assess hepatic steatosis (continuous attenuation parameter [CAP]) and fibrosis (liver fibrosis measure [LSM]).

Relationship Between Hospital Mortality and Readmission Rates After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: There is substantial hospital-level variation in 30-day risk-standardized mortality rate (RSMR) and risk-standardized readmission rate (RSRR) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the relationship between hospital RSMRs and RSRRs has not been well characterized.

Methods: We analyzed data on 141,905 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who underwent TAVR across 512 hospitals between October 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020.

Effects of optimism and stage of change on alcohol use and problems among sexual minority men with HIV participating in a brief motivational interviewing intervention.

Introduction: Disseminating effective alcohol interventions for sexual minority men (SMM) with HIV remains a crucial public health endeavor. Motivational interviewing (MI) interventions are an established approach to reducing alcohol use, yet more research is needed to determine predictors of MI treatment outcomes and underlying mechanisms related to sustained behavior change among SMM with HIV. This pre-registered secondary analysis tested whether action-related stage of change mediated effects of a MI intervention on future alcohol use and problems among SMM with HIV, and whether individual differences in trait optimism moderated these associations.

Lipoprotein (a) in the Full Spectrum of MASLD; Evidence from Histologically and Genetically Characterized Cohorts.

Background And Aims: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an emerging biomarker for cardiometabolic factors. We studied the role of Lp(a) in the full spectrum of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods: Three independent analyses were implemented using a multi-center, cross-sectional, liver biopsy-based study (n=332) (Study 1) and the UK Biobank prospective study (n=270,004) (Study 2, median follow-up=12.

World Stroke Organization and World Hypertension League Position Statement on Hypertension Control Strategies in Prevention and Management of Stroke.

Background And Purpose:-: The goal of this consensus is to provide a comprehensive set of recommendations regarding hypertension control strategies for the prevention and management of stroke. This document is intended for prehospital care providers, physicians, allied health professionals, and hospital administrators and health care policy makers.

Methods:-: Members of the writing group were representatives of the World Stroke Organization and World Hypertension League.

Baroreflex Sensitivity and Long-Term Dementia Risk in Older Adults.

Background: Increased blood pressure (BP) variability is linked to dementia risk, but the relationship between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), a fundamental mechanism for maintaining stable BP, and dementia risk is undetermined.

Methods: We tested the hypothesis that impaired BRS is associated with increased dementia risk in 1819 older adults (63% women; age, 71.0±6.

2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation.

In the last three decades, ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become an evidence-based safe and efficacious treatment for managing the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In 2007, the first joint expert consensus document was issued, guiding healthcare professionals involved in catheter or surgical AF ablation. Mounting research evidence and technological advances have resulted in a rapidly changing landscape in the field of catheter and surgical AF ablation, thus stressing the need for regularly updated versions of this partnership which were issued in 2012 and 2017.

Bayesian hierarchical network autocorrelation models for estimating direct and indirect effects of peer hospitals on outcomes of hospitalized patients.

Unlabelled: When an hypothesized peer effect (also termed social influence or contagion) is believed to act between units (e.g., hospitals) above the level at which data is observed (e.

Epilepsy is associated with the accelerated aging of brain activity in sleep.

Objective: Although seizures are the cardinal feature, epilepsy is associated with other forms of brain dysfunction including impaired cognition, abnormal sleep, and increased risk of developing dementia. We hypothesized that, given the widespread neurologic dysfunction caused by epilepsy, accelerated brain aging would be seen. We measured the sleep-based brain age index (BAI) in a diverse group of patients with epilepsy.

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and neutralisation activities of the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody PGT121.414.LS administered alone and in combination with VRC07-523LS in adults without HIV in the USA (HVTN 136/HPTN 092): a first-in-human, open-label, randomised controlled phase 1 trial.

Background: Multiple broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are in development for HIV-1 prevention. The aim of this trial was to test the PGT121.414.

Area Poverty and Adverse Birth Outcomes: An Opportunity for Quality Improvement.

Objective: To evaluate the association between area poverty and adverse birth outcomes in the diverse birthing population of a large health system.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record and hospital administrative data for pregnant people at nine hospitals within a large health system in the Chicago metropolitan area from 2018 to 2023. Patient addresses were geocoded and categorized by Census tract area percent poor households.

Estimation of prevalence of autoimmune diseases in the United States using electronic health record data.

Background: Previous epidemiologic studies of autoimmune diseases in the United States (US) have included a limited number of diseases or used meta-analyses that rely on different data collection methods and analyses for each disease.

Methods: To estimate the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in the US, we used electronic health record data from six large medical systems in the US. We developed a software program using common methodology to compute the estimated prevalence of autoimmune diseases alone and in aggregate that can be readily used by other investigators to replicate or modify the analysis over time.

Looking Under the Hood at the Cytoskeletal Engine of Platelet Production.

Blood platelets are anucleate cells essential for normal blood hemostasis. To maintain a normal platelet count of 150 000 to 400 000 per μL of blood, 10 platelets must be released each day from precursor cells called megakaryocytes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of platelet production and evaluate the proposed mechanisms of platelet generation.

Hirudotherapy Efficacy and Complications in the Management of Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Background: We aimed to assess the effect of hirudotherapy on flap congestion and thrombosis in adult female patients who underwent microvascular breast reconstruction.

Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane was completed. A qualitative synthesis of all included studies was then performed.

Interest paradigm for early identification of autism spectrum disorder: an analysis from electroencephalography combined with eye tracking.

Introduction: Early identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is critical for effective intervention. Restricted interests (RIs), a subset of repetitive behaviors, are a prominent but underutilized domain for early ASD diagnosis. This study aimed to identify objective biomarkers for ASD by integrating electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking (ET) to analyze toddlers' visual attention and cortical responses to RI versus neutral interest (NI) objects.

Generalizability of consensus regarding standardized letters of evaluation competitiveness: A validity study in a national sample of emergency medicine faculty.

Background: Standardized letters of evaluation (SLOEs) are an important part of residency recruitment, particularly given the limited availability of other discerning factors in residency applications. While consensus regarding SLOE competitiveness has been studied within a small group of academic faculty, it remains unexplored how a more diverse group of letter readers interpret SLOEs in terms of competitiveness.

Methods: A sample of 50 real SLOEs in the new SLOE format (2022 eSLOE 2.