Antimicrobial Peptides: A Promising Solution to the Rising Threat of Antibiotic Resistance.

The demand for developing novel antimicrobial drugs has increased due to the rapid appearance and global spread of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer distinct advantages over traditional antibiotics, such as broad-range efficacy, a delayed evolution of resistance, and the capacity to enhance human immunity. AMPs are being developed as potential medicines, and current computational and experimental tools aim to facilitate their preclinical and clinical development.

Hydroxylated-Benz[a]anthracenes Induce Two Apoptosis-Related Gene Expressions in the Liver of the Nibbler Fish .

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to have toxic effects on fish. In this study, we examined the effects of benz[a]anthracene (BaA), a type of PAH, on fish liver metabolism. Nibbler fish () were intraperitoneally injected with BaA (10 ng/g body weight) four times over a 10-day period.

Investigating the Potential of Ufasomes Laden with Nintedanib as an Optimized Targeted Lung Nanoparadigm for Accentuated Tackling of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a prevalent interstitial lung disease that typically progresses gradually, leading to respiratory failure and ultimately death. IPF can be treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, nintedanib (NTD), owing to its anti-fibrotic properties, which ameliorate the impairment of lung function. This study aimed to formulate, optimize, and assess NTD-loaded ufasomes (NTD-UFSs) as a nanosystem for its pulmonary targeting to snowball the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the drug.

Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by and Organisms in a Pediatric Center: A Randomized Controlled Study.

A dangerous infection contracted in hospitals, ventilator-associated pneumonia is frequently caused by bacteria that are resistant to several drugs. It is one of the main reasons why patients in intensive care units become ill or die. This research aimed to determine the most effective empirical therapy of antibiotics for better ventilator-associated pneumonia control and to improve patient outcomes by using the minimal inhibitory concentration method and the Ameri-Ziaei double antibiotic synergism test and by observing the clinical responses to both single and combination therapies.

Using Virtual Reality Pablo Gaming in the Post-Operative Rehabilitation of Breast Cancer Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Surgical treatment of breast cancer may lead to physical and psychological side effects. Exercises, especially those aided by virtual reality (VR), can improve both physical and psychological dysfunctions. To explore the effects of exercises using VR through Pablo games Technology on the function, grip strength, wrist ROM, fatigue, pain, activities of daily living (ADLs), and anxiety among post-operative breast cancer females.

Gum Resin Mitigates Renal Toxicity: Role of TNF-α, Interleukins, TGF-β, and Lipid Peroxidation.

Being a central organ in homeostasis and maintaining the health of the biological system, kidneys are exposed to variable toxicants. Long-term exposure to nephrotoxic molecules causes chronic renal damage that causes fibrosis and loss of function. Such damage can be initiated by oxidative stress which provokes inflammation.

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are chronic conditions with complex etiologies that may involve dietary factors. This study investigates the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of UC and CD, focusing on gender-specific differences.

Methods: A hospital-based case-control study, comprising 158 UC patients (93 men and 65 women), 245 CD patients (167 men and 78 women), and 395 controls without IBD (256 men and 139 women), was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Monitoring of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Within Al-Karak Governmental Hospital, Jordan, in 2022.

: Antimicrobial resistance is considered one of the foremost global public health challenges, and its prevalence is increasing. In Jordan, particularly in Al-Karak Governorate, there is a lack of sufficient data on antimicrobial resistance to make accurate assessments. The main aim of the current study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance trends in clinical specimens from 2022 and assess antibiotic resistance patterns.

The sesquiterpene alcohol farnesol mitigates cadmium hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and NF-kappaB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis and upregulating PPARgamma in rats.

Farnesol (FAR) is a sesquiterpene alcohol that exists in many fruits and vegetables and possesses promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant known for its serious health effects. Liver injury associated with oxidative stress is a hazardous consequence of exposure to Cd.

Chitosan nano-formulation enhances stability and bactericidal activity of the lytic phage HK6.

Background: Successful treatment of pathogenic bacteria like Enterobacter Cloacae with bacteriophage (phage) counteract some hindrance such as phage stability and immunological clearance. Our research is focused on the encapsulation of phage HK6 within chitosan nanoparticles.

Result: Encapsulation significantly improves stability, efficacy, and delivery of phages.

Vitiligo detection capabilities of 1D photonic crystal biosensing design.

This theoretical work focuses on the application of Tamm resonance-based biosensing using a one-dimensional photonic crystal for detecting skin vitiligo, a condition caused by the loss of pigment in the body. This biosensor utilizes the interaction of light with the photonic structure to identify the specific biomarkers associated with vitiligo. The proposed structure is composed of prism/Ag/skin-sample/(GaP/PS)/glass.

Inoculation with sp. enhances carbohydrate and amino acid production, strengthening antioxidant metabolism to mitigate heat stress in wheat cultivars.

Introduction: Heat stress caused by global warming adversely affects wheat yield through declining most nutritional quality attributes in grains, excluding grain protein content.

Methods: This research investigated the biochemical, physiological, and antioxidant responses of wheat plants under heat stress, focusing on the role of plant growth-promoting bacteria ( sp.).

Unveiling the influences of prenatal and maternal factors on the journey of an autistic child.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder with a high and increasing global prevalence. Although the precise causes are unknown, both genetic and environmental factors, including maternal ones during pregnancy, significantly influence its development. Therefore, this study endeavors to explore the potential causes of autism, including maternal and paternal prenatal risk factors, as well as antenatal and natal maternal risk factors, and their associations with the severity of ASD in mothers of children with ASD, from February to May 2024.

Allogenic Cultured Limbal Epithelial Transplantation and Cultivated Oral Mucosal Epithelial Transplantation in Limbal Stem Cells Deficiency: A Comparative Study.

Introduction: This study compared the clinical outcomes of allogenic cultured limbal epithelial transplantation (ACLET) and cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) in the management of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

Methods: Forty-one COMET procedures in 40 eyes and 69 ACLET procedures in 54 eyes were performed in the Corneoplastic Unit of Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead. Data were examined for demographics, indications, ocular surface stability, absence of epithelial defect, ocular surface inflammation, visual outcomes, and intra- and postoperative complications.

Histological and radiographic assessment of the regenerative potential of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as a novel direct pulp capping material in an animal model.

Background: This study aimed to assess the histological and radiographic effects of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as a direct pulp capping (DPC) agent in immature permanent dog premolars.

Methods: A split-mouth design was employed with three healthy 4-month-old Mongrel dogs, each having 36 premolars. The premolars were randomly assigned to either SHMP or MTA.

Ramadan fasting in adolescents with epilepsy: Seizure control and behavioral outcome.

Data about the effect of Ramadan fasting on seizure control among adolescents with epilepsy (AWE) is scarce. Several psycho-behavioral problems have also been encountered in this teenage group. This study aimed to assess seizure frequency and behavioral outcomes after Ramadan fasting in a sample of AWE METHODS: In this prospective study, AWE who completed fasting during Ramadan 2024 were evaluated regarding the seizure frequency of each type during Shaban (the month immediately preceding Ramadan) and Ramadan.

Discriminative features of immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and associated autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) in a nationwide observational cohort: study from the Egyptian College of Rheumatology.

Objective: The objective of this study is to present the clinical characteristics of immunoglobulin G4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) patients and describe associated overlap with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs).

Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 81 patients with IgG4-RD who were recruited from 13 specialized rheumatology departments and centers across the country in collaboration with the Egyptian College of Rheumatology (ECR). Patients underwent a thorough history-taking and clinical examination.

A novel deep synthesis-based insider intrusion detection (DS-IID) model for malicious insiders and AI-generated threats.

Insider threats pose a significant challenge to IT security, particularly with the rise of generative AI technologies, which can create convincing fake user profiles and mimic legitimate behaviors. Traditional intrusion detection systems struggle to differentiate between real and AI-generated activities, creating vulnerabilities in detecting malicious insiders. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a novel Deep Synthesis Insider Intrusion Detection (DS-IID) model.

Nanoparticle-based flavonoid therapeutics: Pioneering biomedical applications in antioxidants, cancer treatment, cardiovascular health, neuroprotection, and cosmeceuticals.

Flavonoids, a type of natural polyphenolic molecule, have garnered significant research interest due to their ubiquitous nature and diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects, making them appealing to various scientific disciplines. In this regard, the use of a flavonoid nanoparticle delivery system is to overcome low bioavailability, bioactivity, poor aqueous solubility, systemic absorption, and intensive metabolism. Therefore, this review summarizes the classification of nanoparticles (liposomes, polymeric, and solid lipid nanoparticles) and the advantages of using nanoparticle-flavonoid formulations to boost flavonoid bioavailability.

Green synthesis and characterization of CuO/PANI nanocomposite for efficient Pb (II) adsorption from contaminated water.

This study presents the synthesis of a green polymer-based nanocomposite by incorporating green CuO nanoparticles into polyaniline (PANI) for the adsorption of Pb (II) ions from contaminated water. The nanocomposite was extensively characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM-EDX, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy, both before and after Pb(II) adsorption. Optimization studies were performed to assess the effects of key parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial ion concentration on the adsorption process.

Serum Vitamin D in Children with Hemophilia A and Its Association with Joint Health and Quality of Life.

: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive illness produced by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII. This study aimed to evaluate serum vitamin D in hemophilic pediatric patients and its correlation with joint health and quality of life. : This case-control study was performed on ninety children under the age of 18 years old and separated into two groups: study group of 45 children with hemophilia A and control group of 45 healthy children at an outpatient pediatric hematology clinic at the Beni-Suef University hospitals.

Nanoscale Systems for Local Activation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha: A New Approach in Diabetic Wound Management.

Chronic wounds in diabetic patients experience significant clinical challenges due to compromised healing processes. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a critical regulator in the cellular response to hypoxia, enhancing angiogenesis and tissue restoration. Nevertheless, the cellular response to the developed chronic hypoxia within diabetes is impaired, likely due to the destabilization of HIF-1α via degradation by prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes.

Drug toxicity prediction model based on enhanced graph neural network.

Prediction of drug toxicity remains a significant challenge and an essential process in drug discovery. Traditional machine learning algorithms struggle to capture the full scope of molecular structure features, limiting their effectiveness in toxicity prediction. Graph Neural Network offers a promising solution by effectively extracting drug features from their molecular graphs.

Laboratory safety and immunogenicity evaluation of live attenuated avian infectious bronchitis GI-23 virus vaccine.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is responsible for a highly contagious disease that poses a significant threat to the poultry industry due to its high rates of evolution. The occurrence of vaccination failure can frequently be attributed to the emergence of novel strains that exhibit antigenic divergence from conventional vaccine strains. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Eg/1212B-based live attenuated virus vaccine indicated for immunization of chickens against nephropathogenic GI-23 variant strains reported globally.