Management of massive haemorrhage in transfusion medicine services in the Middle East and North Africa.

Background And Objectives: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) are critical in managing haemorrhage, yet their utilization varies. There is lack of data on the utilization of MTPs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study aims to assess the degree of utilization of MTPs in the region.

Bone marrow aspirate concentrate - A novel approach to alter the course of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (a clinical study).

Introduction: TMJ OA is characterized by severe osteocartilaginous degradation of the joint structure resulting in severe deterioration of both joint function as well as joint structure. bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) gained wide acceptance as an auspicious addition for regenerative medicine as it is confirmed to be a rich source of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells and growth factors that produce promising relief of clinical symptoms with significant repair of the joint structure. Thus, the study aims at assessing the efficacy of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) as a treatment modality for TMJ osteoarthritis and compare its efficacy with that of hyaluronic acid (HA).

Could initial CT chest manifestation in patients hospitalized with COVID 19 pneumonia predict outcome on short term basis.

Chest computed tomography (CT) can be used to monitor the course of the disease or response to therapy. Therefore, our study was designed to identify chest CT manifestations that can predict the outcome of patients on short term follow-up. This was a retrospective study wherein we reviewed chest CT scans of 112 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positive patients admitted to our hospital.

Outcomes of family-centred auditory and tactile stimulation implementation on traumatic brain injured patients.

Aim: To determine the outcomes of Family-centred Auditory and Tactile Stimulation Implementation on Traumatic Brain Injured Patients in Egypt.

Background: Family engagement in the care of their relatives in the Intensive care units is limited due to patients' life-threatening conditions, in addition to the use of high technology in these settings. Auditory and tactile sensory stimulations are among the diverse sensory stimulations that have received more attention in brain injured patients than other senses as being considered safe, and effective measures.

Dual versus triple therapy in treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Background: The goal of HCV treatment is eradication of the virus to prevent complications associated with the disease and decrease all-cause mortality. This work compared sustained viral response (SVR) 12 weeks after end of treatment of chronic HCV patients with different treatment regimens, namely 4 regimens. Two hundred treatment naive chronic HCV patients were selected and divided into 4 equal groups as follows: group A received pegylated interferon (peg IFN) and ribavirin (RBV); group B received peg IFN, RBV, and sofosbuvir (SOF); group C received RBV and SOF; group D received SOF, daclatasvir (DCV), and RBV.

Wet feed and chilled water as stratigies to ameliorate heat stress impacts in growing turkeys during summer conditions.

The researchers investigated wet feed and chilled water effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and physiologic responses of native turkeys during the summer season. We hypothesized that the present treatments during the hot season would show different performances. A total of 180 four-week-old unsexed pullets were divided into six groups in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement.

Association between night-time surgery and occurrence of intraoperative adverse events and postoperative pulmonary complications.

Background: The aim of this post hoc analysis of a large cohort study was to evaluate the association between night-time surgery and the occurrence of intraoperative adverse events (AEs) and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).

Methods: LAS VEGAS (Local Assessment of Ventilatory Management During General Anesthesia for Surgery) was a prospective international 1-week study that enrolled adult patients undergoing surgical procedures with general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation in 146 hospitals across 29 countries. Surgeries were defined as occurring during 'daytime' when induction of anaesthesia was between 8:00 AM and 7:59 PM, and as 'night-time' when induction was between 8:00 PM and 7:59 AM.

Role of adipose tissue derived stem cells differentiated into insulin producing cells in the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus.

Generation of new β cells is an important approach in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM). Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) might be one of the best sources for cell replacement therapy for diabetes. Therefore, this work aimed to test the possible role of transplanted insulin-producing cells (IPCs) differentiated from ADSCs in treatment of streptozotocin (STZ) induced type I DM in rats.

Commiphora molmol resin attenuates diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis and Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling.

The objective of the current study was to investigate the possible chemopreventive activity of Commiphora molmol resin (myrrh) extract using a rat model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/phenobarbital (PB)-induced early stage hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we pointed to the modulatory effect of myrrh on oxidative stress, angiogenesis, inflammation and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced in Wistar rats using DEN for initiation and PB as a promoting agent.

Assessing the validity of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS v2) scoring system in diagnosis of peripheral zone prostate cancer.

The Purpose: Assessing the accuracy of multi parametric magnetic resonance (mp-MRI) after application of PI-RADS V2 for diagnosis of prostate cancer as comparison to pathological results of trans rectal ultra-sound (TRUS) guided biopsy.

Patients And Methods: 138 prostatic lesions in 23 patients were retrospectively assessed and analyzed with Trans rectal ultra-sound (TRUS) guided biopsy results. Those patients underwent multi parametric magnetic resonance (mp-MRI) with application of PI-RADS V2 reporting system.

Effect of amlodipine, lisinopril and allopurinol on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Background: Exposure to chemotherapeutic agents such as acetaminophen may lead to serious liver injury. Calcium deregulation, angiotensin II production and xanthine oxidase activity are suggested to play mechanistic roles in such injury.

Objective: This study evaluates the possible protective effects of the calcium channel blocker amlodipine, the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril, and the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol against experimental acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, aiming to understand its underlying hepatotoxic mechanisms.

Development of Salbutamol Sulphate Sublingual Films in Pullulan Matrix for Enhanced Bioavailability & Clinical Efficacy.

Background: Salbutamol sulphate (SS) is a model short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm having poor bioavailability (50%) due to its extensive first-pass effect.

Objective: Formulation of SS as fast dissolving sublingual films (FDSFs) using a biocompatible and biodegradable Pullulan polymer to bypass its metabolism in liver and offers a fast relieve of asthma.

Method: Films were prepared by solvent casting technique adopting 32 factorial design to study the effect of two independent variables namely; polymer type (HPMC E5, Pullulan, and L-HPC) and polymer to Maltodextrin ratio (3:0, 3:1 or 5:1).

Protective effects of fish oil, allopurinol, and verapamil on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Background: The major aim of this work was to study the protective effects of fish oil (FO), allopurinol, and verapamil on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced injury in experimental rats.

Materials And Methods: Sixty male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 served as a negative control.

Treatment results of pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma, NCI, Cairo University experience.

Background: Investigate treatment outcome, prognostic factors and survival among selected group of Egyptian pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

Patients And Methods: Thirty patients treated from non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma between 1997 and 2012 were retrospectively evaluated including: TNM staging, chemo-radiotherapy regimens. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

Relation of ALT and AST levels to the histopathological changes in liver biopsies of patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4.

Background And Study Aims: Worldwide, Egypt has a high prevalence of adult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity is most commonly measured to assess hepatic disease. The revision of the definition of the normal limits for the ALT level is advisable.

Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid, resveratrol, and N-acetylcysteine on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.

Context: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Resveratrol (RSV) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are safe representatives of natural and synthetic antioxidants, respectively.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate protective effects of RSV and NAC, compared with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), on experimental NAFLD.

Stromal modulation and its role in the diagnosis of papillary patterned thyroid lesions.

The papillary patterned lesion of thyroid may be challenging with many diagnostic pitfalls. Tumor stroma plays an important part in the determination of the tumor phenotype. CD34 is thought to be involved in the modulation of cell adhesion and signal transduction as CD34(+) fibrocytes are potent antigen-presenting cells.

Subepidermal calcified nodule in upper eyelid: A case report and review of the literature.

Calcinosis cutis involves the inappropriate deposition of calcium within the dermis layer of the skin and is often associated with autoimmune diseases. A 3-year-old healthy Omani child presented for evaluation of asymptomatic hard nodule on the left upper eyelid. Pathological examination identified the mass as subepidermal calcified nodule.

Contribution of the highly conserved EaeH surface protein to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli pathogenesis.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are among the most common causes of diarrheal illness worldwide. These pathogens disproportionately afflict children in developing countries, where they cause substantial morbidity and are responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. Although these organisms are important targets for enteric vaccines, most development efforts to date have centered on a subset of plasmid-encoded fimbrial adhesins known as colonization factors and heat-labile toxin (LT).

Survey on medicinal plants and spices used in Beni-Sueif, Upper Egypt.

Background: This study was conducted to identify medicinal plants and spices used for medicine by the community of Beni-Sueif, Upper Egypt.

Methods: Ethnobotanical data from local people was collected using direct interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results: Forty-eight plant species belonging to twenty-seven families and forty-seven genera were encountered during the study.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Tamarix nilotica flowers.

Context:  Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge (Tamaricaceae) is used in the Egyptian traditional medicine as an antiseptic agent. This plant has been known since pharaonic times and has been mentioned in medical papyri to expel fever, relieve headache, to draw out inflammation, and as an aphrodisiac.

Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for determination of Racecadotril.

Two accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for determination of Racecadotril. In the first method reduction of Fe3+ into Fe2+ in presence of o-phenanthroline by Racecadotril to form a stable orange-red ferroin chelate [Fe-(Phen)3]2+ was the basis for its determination. The absorbance at 510 nm was measured and linear correlation was obtained in the concentration range of 2.

Chemical and biological investigation of some Clerodendrum species cultivated in Egypt.

Context: Phytochemical investigation of Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabberley (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Egypt and evaluation for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of the methanol and chloroform extracts of Clerodendrum chinense, Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, Clerodendrum glabrum E. Meyer.

A new prenylated flavanoid with antibacterial activity from propolis collected in Egypt.

A novel prenylated flavanoid, isonymphaeol-D (1), together with two known compounds, isonymphaeol-B (2) and nymphaeol-B (3), were isolated from Egyptian propolis. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by various spectroscopic methods. 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative strains (Serratia sp.