Phyto-nanotechnology: A novel beneficial strategy for Alzheimer's disease therapy.

Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative condition, is characterized by the slow and progressive deterioration of the cognitive functions of geriatric patients. It occurs due to exacerbation of neurons in the brain, indicated by loss of memory, mood instability, and even death. The aggregation of amyloid β protein and neurofibrillary tangles-atypical forms of tau protein is the major cause of this disease.

Fabrication and Evaluation of Matrix Type Novel Transdermal Patch Loaded with Tramadol Hydrochloride.

Objectives: Transdermal drug delivery as a novel drug delivery system has become a major research interest to the scientists for its controlled drug release and improved patient compliance. This study was conducted to develop an optimized transdermal patch of tramadol hydrochloride using an appropriate amount of suitable polymers. It was also planned to control the drug permeation rate from the device to achieve a sustained release pattern.

Methylphenidate Fast Dissolving Films: Development, Optimization Using Simplex Centroid Design and Characterization.

Objectives: The focus of this study was to design and optimize methylphenidate hydrochloride mouth dissolving film (MDF) that can be beneficial in an acute condition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.

Materials And Methods: Solvent casting method was used for the preparation of this film. Optimization of the effect of independent variables such as the number of polymers and active pharmaceutical ingredients [hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) E5, HPMC E15, and maltodextrin], % of drug release, disintegration time, and tensile strength of the film done using simplex centroid design.

Pharmacological studies of rhizomes of extract of Cyperus tegetum, emphasized on anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: With over 950 species, Cyperus is one of the most promising health boosting genera in the Cyperaceae family. Traditional uses of Cyperus sp. have been described for gastrointestinal blood abnormalities, menstrual irregularities, and inflammatory diseases, among others.

Comparative evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity between n-butanol fraction, leaf and stem methanolic extract obtained from Olaxpsittacorum.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl. traditionally used by the tribal communities of 'INDIA' to heal conditions such as pain, psoriasis, mouthulcer, anemia, constipation as well as diabetes followed by scientific evidences like antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer property too.

Formulation and Evaluation of Enteric Coated Elementary Osmotic Tablets of Aceclofenac.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a controlled drug delivery device for aceclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Therefore, the agent was projected to develop an osmotic pump with enteric coating. The strength of the semipermeable membrane was improved by optimizing the formulation of the device, which can control the drug release over a prolonged period of time.

Garlic constituents for cancer prevention and therapy: From phytochemistry to novel formulations.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the oldest plants cultivated for its dietary and medicinal values. This incredible plant is endowed with various pharmacological attributes, such as antimicrobial, antiarthritic, antithrombotic, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities.

Cancer Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Banana and Its Bioactive Constituents: A Systematic, Comprehensive, and Mechanistic Review.

Background: The banana ( spp.) plant produces elongated and edible fruit. The two main parthenocarpic species of banana are Colla and Colla.

Nuclear factor-kappa B and its role in inflammatory lung disease.

Nuclear factor-kappa B, involved in inflammation, host immune response, cell adhesion, growth signals, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis defense, is a dimeric transcription factor. Inflammation is a key component of many common respiratory disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Many basic transcription factors are found in NF-κB signaling, which is a member of the Rel protein family.

Role of γ-Secretase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diverse Disease Conditions through Inhibition of Notch Signaling Pathway.

γ-secretase is an intramembrane protease sub-assembly that sunders transmembrane proteins. It is involved in intramembrane proteolysis and also contributes to the regeneration of transmembrane protein. The amyloid precursor proteins (APPs) are typical γ-secretase substrates.

Pathophysiology and inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein for prevention of cardiovascular diseases: An update.

The enzyme cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), involved in cholesterol metabolism and transportation, is one of the main causes of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). When the CETP concentration is decreased by CETP inhibitors (e.g.

Enumerating the role of properdin in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and its possible therapies.

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has become the most prevalent form of glomerulonephritis affecting almost 1.3% of the total population worldwide. It is an autoimmune disorder where the host autoantibody forms an immune complex with the defective galactose-deficient IgA1 and gets deposited at the mesangium and endocapillary region of glomeruli.

Marine Cyanobacteria and Microalgae Metabolites-A Rich Source of Potential Anticancer Drugs.

Cancer is at present one of the utmost deadly diseases worldwide. Past efforts in cancer research have focused on natural medicinal products. Over the past decades, a great deal of initiatives was invested towards isolating and identifying new marine metabolites via pharmaceutical companies, and research institutions in general.

Targeting the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway Using Phytocompounds for Cancer Prevention and Therapy.

Cancer is a prevalent cause of mortality around the world. Aberrated activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway promotes tumorigenesis. Natural agents, including phytochemicals, exhibit potent anticancer activities via various mechanisms.

Star anise (Illicium verum): Chemical compounds, antiviral properties, and clinical relevance.

Medicinal herbs are one of the imperative sources of drugs all over the world. Star anise (Illicium verum), an evergreen, medium-sized tree with star-shaped fruit, is an important herb with wide distribution throughout southwestern parts of the Asian continent. Besides its use as spice in culinary, star anise is one of the vital ingredients of the Chinese medicinal herbs and is widely known for its antiviral effects.

Sustained release gastroretentive tablet of metformin hydrochloride based on poly (acrylic acid)-grafted-gellan.

Development of a gastroretentive sustained release tablet of metformin based on poly (acrylic acid)-grafted-gellan (PAAc-g-GG) is the main purpose of this study. At first, PAAc-g-GG was synthesized by microwave-promoted free radical initiation method using cerric (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) as redox initiator and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, DSC-TGA, C NMR, biodegradation and viscosity study. The synthetic parameters were optimized by 2 full factorial design using Design Expert software.

Development and characterization of alginate coated low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles as new carriers for oral vaccine delivery in mice.

In the present study, nanoparticles of low MW chitosan (CS) were formulated in which measles antigen was entrapped and subsequently coated with sodium alginate. The size and surface properties of the nanoparticle can be tuned with different MW of CS. In vitro release studies showed initial burst release followed by extended release, best fitted in the Makoid-Banakar model (R(2)>0.

Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, ameliorates arsenic-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice.

In the present study, we evaluated the ameliorative potential of a citrus flavonoid, naringenin (NRG), against experimentally induced arsenic toxicity in Swiss albino mice. NRG (5 and 10 mg kg-l) was administered orally to mice 30 minutes before oral administration of arsenic trioxide (3 mg kg-l) for 14 consecutive days. On day 15, the following parameters were evaluated: body weight; organ weight; hematological profile; serum biochemical profile; hepatic and renal tissue antioxidative parameters including lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase levels; and DNA fragmentation.

Antitumor activity and antioxidant role of Streblus asper bark against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice.

The present study assessed the methanol extract of Streblus asper stem bark (MESA) for antitumor effect and antioxidant influence against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Twenty four hours after intraperitonial inoculation of tumor (EAC) cells in mice, MESA was administered at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 9 consecutive days. On the 10 th day, half of the mice were sacrificed for estimation of tumor parameters, haematological, liver and kidney antioxidant parameters; and the rest were kept alive for assessment of survival.

Rationalized design, synthesis and pharmacological screening of amino acid linked spiro pyrrolidino oxyindole analogs through environment friendly reaction.

Introduction: The development of newer synthetic approaches toward the synthesis of polynuclear heteroaromatics and their application in the synthesis of some biologically active compounds has been discussed in this study.

Materials And Methods: The synthesis of novel spiro pyrrolidino oxindoles was performed for the construction of amino acid linked polynuclear heteroaromatics by cycloaddition reaction. This reaction method is one of the most important methods for the construction of spiro pyrrolidino oxindole from the commercially available starting material isatin.

Trichosanthes dioica root alleviates arsenic induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

The present study evaluated the ameliorative potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Trichosanthes dioica root (TDA) against arsenic-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. TDA (5 and 10 mg kg-1) was administered orally to rats for 20 consecutive days before oral administration of sodium arsenite (10 mg kg-1) for 8 days. Then the body weights, heart weights, hematological profile, serum biochemical profile; and the following myocardial tissue antioxidative parameters were evaluated: lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and DNA fragmentation.

Trichosanthes dioica fruit extract ameliorates arsenic-induced brain toxicity in male albino rats.

This study evaluated the ameliorative potential of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruit (AQTD) against arsenic-induced toxicity in rat brain. AQTD (50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally to male Wistar albino rats for 20 consecutive days before oral administration of sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg) for 8 days. We then evaluated the brain biochemical parameters viz.

The triterpenoid fraction from Trichosanthes dioica root suppresses experimentally induced inflammatory ascites in rats.

Context: Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae), called pointed gourd in English, is a dioecious climber found wild throughout the plains of the Indian subcontinent and traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes.

Objective: The present study evaluated the protective effect of the triterpenoid enriched fraction from T.