Infants' Social Evaluation of Helpers and Hinderers: A Large-Scale, Multi-Lab, Coordinated Replication Study.

Evaluating whether someone's behavior is praiseworthy or blameworthy is a fundamental human trait. A seminal study by Hamlin and colleagues in 2007 suggested that the ability to form social evaluations based on third-party interactions emerges within the first year of life: infants preferred a character who helped, over hindered, another who tried but failed to climb a hill. This sparked a new line of inquiry into the origins of social evaluations; however, replication attempts have yielded mixed results.

[PREVENTING SECONDARY TRAUMATIZATION IN MAGEN DAVID ADOM FIRST RESPONDERS DURING THE IRON SWORDS WAR: AN INTERIM REPORT].

Following the onset of the "Iron Swords" war, Israel's National Emergency Medical Organization Magen David Adom (MDA) implemented a program designed to prevent post-traumatic sequelae among its teams. 'Team debriefing' is at the core of the program, which also includes primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention carried out regularly to preclude psychological harm to employees and volunteers. Apart from the initial team debriefings, MDA's enhanced prevention program includes several other components and stages.

Empathy among autistic and non-autistic adolescents: The importance of informant effects.

Empathy is the ability to recognize the emotions of others (cognitive empathy) and to share in those emotions while maintaining a self-other distinction (emotional empathy). Previous research often, but not always, showed that autistic adults and children have lower levels of overall and cognitive empathy than non-autistic individuals. Yet how empathy manifests during adolescence, a developmental period marked by physiological, social, and cognitive change, is largely unclear.

Clinical insights: Brucellosis-induced febrile orchitis - A case report and treatment strategy.

Brucellosis, a systemic infection, can affect various organs, including the genitourinary system, causing epididymo-orchitis in 2%-20 % of cases. This report details a 34-year-old Thai male migrant worker with febrile orchitis. Initial gentamicin treatment failed, but serological tests confirmed brucellosis, likely from raw dairy consumption.

Persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients-Israeli society of infectious diseases consensus statement on diagnosis and management.

Background: Immunocompromised patients with impaired humoral immunity are at risk for persistent COVID-19 (pCOVID), a protracted symptomatic disease with active viral replication.

Objectives: To establish a national consensus statement on the diagnosis, treatment, management, isolation, and prevention of pCOVID in adults.

Sources: We base our suggestions on the available literature, our own experience, and clinical reasoning.

Combination treatment of persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients with remdesivir, nirmaltrevir/ritonavir and tixegavimab/cilgavimab.

We present a retrospective study on the treatment outcomes of severely immunocompromised patients with persistent COVID-19. The study analyzed data from 14 patients who received a combination of tixegavimab/cilgavimab and antiviral medications. Response was evaluated based on symptom improvement, PCR cycle-threshold values, and C-reactive protein levels.

Nirmatrelvir Resistance-de Novo E166V/L50V Mutations in an Immunocompromised Patient Treated With Prolonged Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Monotherapy Leading to Clinical and Virological Treatment Failure-a Case Report.

Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 to antivirals was shown to develop in immunocompromised individuals receiving remdesivir. We describe an immunocompromised patient who was treated with repeated and prolonged courses of nirmatrelvir and developed de-novo E166V/L50F mutations in the Mpro region. These mutations were associated with clinical and virological treatment failure.

Clinical impact of the accelerate PhenoTest® BC system on patients with gram-negative bacteremia and high risk of antimicrobial resistance: a prospective before-after implementation study.

Background: The Accelerate PhenoTest® BC system (AXDX) is a novel assay for rapid bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility (AST). We report an evaluation of its impact on treatment of patients with Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) with a high risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Methods: A prospective single-center evaluation before and after implementation of AXDX in addition to standard-of-care (SOC) microbiology and antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP).

Testis sparing management of tuberculous epididymitis - Case report.

Tuberculous epididymitis is uncommonly encountered and is a very rare complication of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical therapy for the treatment of bladder urothelial cancer. With the increased use of BCG, it is conceivable that practicing urologists will see more patients presenting with this infection. Herein, we describe an unusual presentation of tuberculous epididymitis treated successfully in a conservative fashion with anti-tuberculotic medications and describe current diagnostic, as well as medical and surgical management strategies.

Empathy and parenthood: The moderating role of maternal trait empathy on parental burnout.

The ability to empathize with others enables us to effectively interact with each other and may have specifically evolved to support parental roles and caregiving. The relationship between parenting and trait empathy is little understood as previous research focused on empathy exclusively in the context of parenting, for example parental sensitivity. Here we aimed to understand how trait empathy may moderate the association between child's negative emotionality and parental burnout.

Recurrent congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a sequential pregnancy with severe sequelae, and a possible association with prophylactic valacyclovir treatment: a case report.

Recurrent congenital cytomegalovirus infections in consecutive pregnancies are rarely reported. Due to the risk of fetal infection from preconception maternal infection, a 6-month interval after primary maternal infection is generally advised before a new conception. Recently, high-dose valacyclovir treatment was shown to prevent fetal infection in first trimester primary infections.

Invasive Fungal Diseases in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Israel: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Highly variable estimates of COVID-19-associated fungal diseases (IFDs) have been reported. We aimed to determine the incidence of clinically important fungal diseases in hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the first year of the pandemic. We performed a multicenter survey of IFDs among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in 13 hospitals in Israel between February 2020 and May 2021.

Overcoming the effect of pandemic fatigue on vaccine hesitancy-Will belief in science triumph?

Purpose: The study aims to examine the factors that impact vaccination uptake and additional protective behavior during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Israel, whereas the "pandemic fatigue" phenomenon has been identified as a hurdle to adherence to protective health behaviors against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Design: A cross-sectional, structured questionnaire was utilized for this investigation in September 2021, during the fourth wave of the pandemic.

Methods: A sample of the adult (18+) Israeli population was employed for the study.

The Diagnosis and Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cardiovascular Toxicity: Myocarditis and Beyond.

Recent years have brought major advancements in the use of immune therapy and specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients, with expanding indications for various malignancies resulting in the treatment of a large and increasing number of patients. While this therapy significantly improves outcomes in a variety of hematologic and solid tumors, the use of ICIs is associated with a substantial risk of immune-related adverse events. Cardiovascular toxicity, while not the most common side effect of ICIs, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

How compassionate use enabled Israel to deliver the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination to vulnerable children aged 12-15 years before regulatory approval.

Aim: This paper describes the emergency, compassionate use of the COVID-19 vaccination for high-risk adolescents aged 12-15 years prior to approval by the American Food and Drugs Administration in May 2021. The target audience had underlying health conditions associated with severe disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or severely immunosuppressed household members.

Methods: An orderly approval system was established in Israel for adolescents aged 12-15 years, based on a professional position paper and compassionate treatment regulations.

Delayed respiratory syncytial virus epidemic in children after relaxation of COVID-19 physical distancing measures, Ashdod, Israel, 2021.

Following low incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, we noted a resurgence in hospitalised children in spring/summer 2021 following relaxation of public health measures. We compared this outbreak to previous autumn/winter seasons. We found higher weekly case numbers and incidence rates, more cases from urban neighbourhoods with lower socioeconomic status, and similar clinical presentation and severity.

Right prefrontal activation predicts ADHD and its severity: A TMS-EEG study in young adults.

Objective: Here we bring a neurophysiological diagnostic tool, based on pathophysiologically-relevant brain region, that is critical for reducing the variability between clinicians, and necessary for quantitative measures of ADHD severity.

Methods: 54 healthy and 57 ADHD adults participated in the study. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded when combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the right prefrontal cortex and also recorded during the Stop Signal task.

Illness perceptions of Israeli hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Illness perceptions (IPs) can affect cardiac health behaviours and outcomes.

Aims And Objectives: To investigate IPs among patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Design: Longitudinal survey.