A wound-repressible glycine-rich protein transcript is enriched in vascular bundles of tomato fruit and stem.

The deduced protein sequence of a partial tomato cDNA clone is rich in the amino acid glycine and contains repeats of the amino acid sequence, (Gly)5Tyr(Gly)4-5Tyr(Gly)3ArgArgGlu. This protein sequence has significant similarity to a sorghum glycine-rich protein [S1, Cretin and Puigdomenech (1990) Plant Mol. Biol.

Cloning and Mutagenesis of a Cytochrome P-450 Locus from Bradyrhizobium japonicum That Is Expressed Anaerobically and Symbiotically.

Cytochromes P-450, which in many organisms participate in the metabolism of a variety of endobiotic and xenobiotic substances, are synthesized by symbiotic bacteroids of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against two cytochromes P-450 (CYP112 and CYP114) purified from bacteroids. A lambda gt11 expression clone of B.

Dephosphorylation of photosystem II core proteins is light-regulated in vivo.

A number of photosystem II (PSII)-associated proteins, including D1, D2, CP43 and LHCII, are phosphorylated post-translationally by a membrane-bound, redox-regulated kinase activity. In vitro studies have demonstrated that these proteins can be dephosphorylated by membrane-bound phosphatase activity, reportedly insensitive to light or redox control. We demonstrate here that the PSII core proteins, D1, D2 and CP43, undergo light-stimulated, linear electron-transport-independent dephosphorylation in vivo.

The Elicitation of Ethylene Biosynthesis by a Trichoderma Xylanase Is Not Related to the Cell Wall Degradation Activity of the Enzyme.

A [beta]-1,4-endoxylanase (EIX) isolated from Trichoderma viride elicits plant defense responses in certain tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars in addition to its xylan degradation activity. It was not clear whether elicitation occurs by cell wall fragments released by the enzymic activity or by the xylanase protein interacting directly with the plant cells.

Photosystem II reaction center particle from Spirodela stroma lamellae.

A Photosystem II (PSII) reaction center particle from the stroma lamellae of Spirodela oligorrhiza has been isolated. The stroma lamellar PSII reaction center contained the same proteins found in granal PSII reaction centers, namely D1, D2, and cytochrome b559; however, the cytochrome b559 content was half of that in the granal centers. The pigment composition, 77 K fluorescence emission, and excitation spectra of the stroma lamellar reaction centers were determined.

Sensitivity to an Ethylene Biosynthesis-Inducing Endoxylanase in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi Is Controlled by a Single Dominant Gene.

The ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (EIX) is known to be a potent elicitor of ethylene biosynthesis and other responses when applied to leaf tissue of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi. In contrast, leaf tissue of the tobacco cultivar Hicks was insensitive to EIX at concentrations 100-fold higher than was needed to elicit responses from Xanthi.

Plant organelles contain distinct peptidylprolyl cis,trans-isomerases.

Peptidylprolyl cis,trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity was detected in the cytosol, mitochondria, and chloroplast of pea plants. Cyclosporin A inhibited the activity largely localized to the mitochondrial matrix while rapamycin inhibited the PPIase activity associated with the mitochondrial membranes. Differential inhibition by the two immunosuppressive drugs, the specific binding of these drugs to different mitochondrial fractions, and the immunological detection of a putative 25-kDa rapamycin-binding protein (RBP) in mitochondrial extracts attests to the presence in plant mitochondria of both cyclophilin and RBP classes of PPIases.

Alterations in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi Cell Membrane Function following Treatment with an Ethylene Biosynthesis-Inducing Endoxylanase.

An ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (EIX) produced by the fungus Trichoderma viride elicited enhanced ethylene biosynthesis and leakage of potassium and other cellular components when applied to leaf disks of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi). Suspension-cultured cells of Xanthi tobacco responded to EIX by rapid efflux of potassium, uptake of calcium, alkalization of the medium, inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis, and increased leakage of cellular components.

Glycerolipid-fatty-acid desaturase deficiencies in chloroplasts from fruits of Capsicum annuum L.

Chloroplasts from fruits and leaves of Capsicum annuum cv. 'Bell Tower' were purified on sucrose gradients, and the lipids were separated by column and thin-layer chromatography. The glycerolipids mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG, DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) were quantified, and the fatty-acid composition at the 1 and 2 positions of the glycerol moiety (sn-1 and sn-2) was determined after hydrolysis with position-specific lipases.

Identification, characterization, and resolution of the in vivo phosphorylated form of the D1 photosystem II reaction center protein.

The chloroplast-encoded D1 protein of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms is a component of the photosystem II reaction center. Previously, we detected an electrophoretic variant of D1 which was generated in vivo in granal-localized reaction centers in a light dependent manner (Callahan, F.E.

Ethylene Biosynthesis-Inducing Endoxylanase Is Translocated through the Xylem of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi Plants.

Ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (EIX) from the fungus Trichoderma viride elicits enhanced ethylene production and tissue necrosis in whole tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) plants at sites far removed from the point of EIX application when applied through a cut petiole. Symptoms develop in a specific pattern, which appears to be determined by the interconnections of the tobacco xylem. Based on results of tissue printing experiments, EIX enters the xylem of the stem from the point of application and rapidly moves up and down the stem, resulting in localized foliar symptoms on the treated side of the plant above and below the point of EIX application.

Translational modification of an 18 kilodalton polypeptide by spermidine in rice cell suspension cultures.

When rice (Oryza sativa) cell suspension cultures are grown in the presence of [terminal methylenes-(3)H]spermidine, label is incorporated in a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 18 kilodaltons on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Preincubation of cell cultures with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors difluoromethylarginine and difluoromethylornithine, resulted in increased incorporation of the label into the 18 kilodalton polypeptide. In cells in which protein synthesis was arrested by cycloheximide, no label was detected in the 18 kilodalton polypeptide, suggesting a requirement for de novo protein synthesis.

An Ethylene Biosynthesis-Inducing Endoxylanase Elicits Electrolyte Leakage and Necrosis in Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi Leaves.

We have previously demonstrated that a protein purified from xylan-induced culture filtrates of Trichoderma viride contains beta-1,4-endoxylanase activity and induces ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) leaf discs. When the ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (EIX) was applied to cut petioles of detached tobacco leaves, it induced ethylene biosynthesis within 1 hour and extensive electrolyte leakage and necrosis were observed in tobacco leaf tissue within 5 hours. Ethylene-pretreatment (120 microliters per liter ethylene for 14 hours) of tobacco leaves enhanced ethylene biosynthesis in response to EIX by more than threefold and accelerated development of cellular leakage and necrosis.

A novel metabolic form of the 32 kDa-D1 protein in the grana-localized reaction center of photosystem II.

Two forms of the 32 kDa-D1 reaction center protein of photosystem II (PSII), having slightly different mobilities on denaturing polyacrylamide gels, have been resolved in Spirodela oligorrhiza, Glycine max L., Gossypium hirsutum L., Triticum aestivum L.

The Rj4 allele in soybean represses nodulation by chlorosis-inducing bradyrhizobia classified as DNA homology group II by antibiotic resistance profiles.

To determine the relationship between nodulation restriction by the Rj4 allele of soybean, rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis, and taxonomic grouping of bradyrhizobia, 119 bradyrhizobial isolates were tested in Leonard jar culture for nodulation response and chlorosis induction. In addition to strain USDA 61, the strain originally reported as defining the Rj4 response, eight other isolates (i.e.

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic-acid-dependent ethylene production during re-formation of vacuoles in evacuolated protoplasts of Petunia hybrida.

Ethylene formation from 1-aminocycloprane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was studied in whole protoplasts, evaluolated protoplasts and isolated vacuoles from mesophyll cells of Petunia hybrida L. cv. Pink Magic.

Spinach Leaf Chloroplast CO(2) and NO(2) Photoassimilations Do Not Compete for Photogenerated Reductant: Manipulation of Reductant Levels by Quantum Flux Density Titrations.

Potential competition between CO(2) and NO(2) (-) photoassimilation for photogenerated reductant (e.g. reduced ferredoxin and NADPH) was examined employing isolates of mesophyll cells and intact chloroplasts derived from mature ;source' spinach leaves.

Mineralization of diethylthiophosphoric Acid by an enriched consortium from cattle dip.

Enrichment cultures were initiated from cattle dip solution with diethylthiophosphoric acid (DETP) as the carbon and energy source. An enriched consortium consisting of at least six distinct bacterial species was subsequently obtained. The consortium mineralized DETP to sulfate and phosphate while utilizing ethyl moieties as a carbon and energy source.

Isolation and characterization of coumaphos-metabolizing bacteria from cattle dip.

Coumaphos, an organophosphate insecticide, is used for tick control in cattle dipping vats along the U.S.-Mexican border.

Levels of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Lemna gibba G-3 and in a Large Lemna Mutant Regenerated from Tissue Culture.

Large changes in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels occur during growth of Lemna gibba G-3 in sterile culture. The levels of IAA were measured in plants during a 45 day growth cycle using HPLC and isotope dilution analysis followed by selected ion current monitoring GC-MS analysis with (13)C(6)-IAA as the internal standard. Even though the rate of plant growth remained constant over the entire growth period, IAA levels ranged from a high of 222 to a low of 6 nanograms per gram fresh weight.

Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Hydrogen Oxidation by Pigeon Pea Bradyrhizobium spp. in Symbiotic Association with Pigeon Pea, Cowpea, and Soybean.

The pigeon pea strains of Bradyrhizobium CC-1, CC-8, UASGR(S), and F4 were evaluated for nodulation, effectiveness for N(2) fixation, and H(2) oxidation with homologous and nonhomologous host plants. Strain CC-1 nodulated Macroptilium atropurpureum, Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max, and G. soja but did not nodulate Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Trifolium repens.

Comparison of a commercial ELISA assay for indole-3-acetic Acid at several stages of purification and analysis by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometry using a c(6)-labeled internal standard.

Quantitative analysis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) using selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with (13)C(6)[benzene ring]-IAA as the internal standard was used to compare the quantitative accuracy of commercial enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Plant materials differed in the amount of purification required prior to use of ELISA for reliable estimates to be made. Purification similar to that obtained by at least one high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) step was generally necessary prior to ELISA analysis of plant materials.