43 results match your criteria: "Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC)[Affiliation]"

Adapting lipidomic sample processing methods for boars housed in commercial settings.

Transl Anim Sci

September 2024

Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling is a sensitive method of lipid screening that has the capability to distinguish between different fertility phenotypes in gilts. However, MRM profiling has not yet been utilized to evaluate fertility phenotypes in boars. Markers indicative of fertility status in boars would be valuable as inclusion of subfertile boars in breeding programs results in a loss of efficiency and negative economic consequences.

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Temporal Changes in Jejunal and Ileal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens with Clinical Coccidiosis ().

Animals (Basel)

October 2024

Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.

Coccidiosis in broiler chickens continues to be a major disease of the gastrointestinal tract, causing economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The goal of this study was to generate a symptomatic (1000 oocysts) infection to determine its effect on the luminal and mucosal microbiota populations (L and M) in the jejunum and ileum (J and IL). Samples were taken from day 0 to 14 post-infection, and sequencing of 16S rRNA was performed using Illumina technology.

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Long-distance transport or systemic silencing effects of exogenous biologically active RNA molecules in higher plants have not been reported. Here, we report that cationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA) avidly binds double-stranded beta-glucuronidase RNA (dsGUS RNA) to form nucleic acid-protein nanocomplexes. In our experiments with tobacco and poplar plants, we have successfully demonstrated systemic gene silencing effects of cBSA/dsGUS RNA nanocomplexes when we locally applied the nanocomplexes from the basal ends of leaf petioles or shoots.

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Mammalian spermatozoa rely on glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for energy leading up to fertilization. Sperm capacitation involves a series of well-regulated biochemical steps that are necessary to give spermatozoa the ability to fertilize the oocyte. Additionally, zinc ion (Zn) fluxes have recently been shown to occur during mammalian sperm capacitation.

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Zinc () supplementation has proved to mitigate the effects of heat stress with varying effects evident with Zn source during acute heat events. However, the effects of Zn supplementation during long-term summer weather patterns have yet to be explored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the effects of supplementation source and level of Zn to mitigate the negative effects of long-term, cyclic heat stress in finishing swine.

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Low colostrum intake relates to poorer health and infertility in swine. We previously connected vaginal lipid profiles at weaning to fertility of sows. We hypothesized vaginal lipidome varied with colostrum intake.

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Phytophthora infestans, the etiologic agent of late blight, is a threat to potato production in areas with high humidity during the growing season. The oomycete pathogen is hemi-biotrophic, it establishes infection on living plant cells and then spreads, kills, and feeds off the necrotized plant tissue material. The interaction between host and pathogen is complex with dynamic pathogen RXLR effectors and potato NB-LRR resistance proteins actively competing for dominance and survival.

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Engineered Cleistogamy in for bioconfinement.

Hortic Res

February 2023

Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Camelina is a versatile oilseed crop that has been genetically engineered to enhance its yield, fatty acid composition, protein profiles, and resistance to drought.
  • Concerns arise regarding the risk of transgenic traits transferring to non-transgenic camelina and wild relatives, prompting the need for effective bioconfinement strategies to prevent pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF).
  • The study successfully implemented a gene from peach to promote cleistogamy (closed flowers) in transgenic camelina, which significantly reduced PMGF in field trials, making it a promising bioconfinement approach for this and potentially other crop species.
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Genotype-independent plant transformation.

Hortic Res

March 2022

Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.

Plant transformation and regeneration remain highly species- and genotype-dependent. Conventional hormone-based plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis is tedious, time-consuming, and requires specialized skills and experience. Over the last 40 years, significant advances have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying embryogenesis and organogenesis.

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Development and Characterization of New Monoclonal Antibodies Against Porcine Interleukin-17A and Interferon-Gamma.

Front Immunol

March 2022

Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD, United States.

Current research efforts require a broad range of immune reagents, but those available for pigs are limited. The goal of this study was to generate priority immune reagents for pigs and pipeline them for marketing. Our efforts were aimed at the expression of soluble swine cytokines and the production of panels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to these proteins.

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Natural killer (NK) cells have been studied extensively in humans and mice for their vital role in the vertebrate innate immune system. They are known to rapidly eliminate tumors or virus infected cells in an immune response utilizing their lytic properties. The natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) NKp30 (NCR3), NKp44 (NCR2), and NKp46 (NCR1) are important mediators of NK-cell cytotoxicity.

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Article Synopsis
  • Microbiome studies in animal science are getting more popular because the technology is getting cheaper and easier to use.
  • This review aims to help animal scientists who don't know much about a specific technique called 16S rRNA gene sequencing by explaining its basics and important issues to think about.
  • It covers different parts of the study process, like planning, collecting samples, lab work, and analyzing data, and also points out special things to consider for different animals and samples.
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Increased knowledge of reproduction and health of domesticated animals is integral to sustain and improve global competitiveness of U.S. animal agriculture, understand and resolve complex animal and human diseases, and advance fundamental research in sciences that are critical to understanding mechanisms of action and identifying future targets for interventions.

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Identification of Multiple Subtypes in Domestic Animals From Colombia Using Amplicon-Based Next Generation Sequencing.

Front Vet Sci

August 2021

Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.

is frequently reported in fecal samples from animals and humans worldwide, and a variety of subtypes (STs) have been observed in wild and domestic animals. In Colombia, few studies have focused on the transmission dynamics and epidemiological importance of in animals. In this study, we characterized the frequency and subtypes of in fecal samples of domestic animals including pigs, minipigs, cows, dogs, horses, goats, sheep, and llama from three departments of Colombia.

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Host-specific legume-rhizobium symbiosis is strictly controlled by rhizobial type III effectors (T3Es) in some cases. Here, we demonstrated that the symbiosis of Vigna radiata (mung bean) with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 is determined by NopE, and this symbiosis is highly dependent on host genotype. NopE specifically triggered incompatibility with V.

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Low and high egg producing hens exhibit gene expression differences related to ovarian steroidogenesis. High egg producing hens display increased expression of genes involved in progesterone and estradiol production, in the granulosa layer of the largest follicle (F1G) and small white follicles (SWF), respectively, whereas low egg producing hens display increased expression of genes related to progesterone and androgen production in the granulosa (F5G) and theca interna layer (F5I) of the fifth largest follicle, respectively. Transcriptome analysis was performed on F1G, F5G, F5I, and SWF samples from low and high egg producing hens to identify novel regulators of ovarian steroidogenesis.

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hybrids are forage grasses used worldwide in temperate climates. They are associated with the fungal endophyte , which aids in nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, and production of metabolites that protect against parasites and herbivores. produces loline alkaloids, which can deter insect pests.

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Fluxes of agricultural nitrogen and metolachlor metabolites are highly correlated in a first order stream in Maryland, USA.

Sci Total Environ

May 2020

US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.

Nitrogen pollution in watersheds containing significant cropland area is generally problematic. Conservation practices intended to reduce nitrate-N (NO-N) export from watersheds are being implemented by many regions without necessary tools to assess effectiveness of abatement. A commonly used herbicide metolachlor degrades in the vadose zone of croplands to form two metabolites (metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (MESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (MOXA)) which are both highly soluble in soils.

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Method to Evaluate the Age of Groundwater Inputs to Surface Waters by Determining the Chirality Change of Metolachlor Ethanesulfonic Acid (MESA) Captured on a Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS).

J Agric Food Chem

February 2020

Pasture Systems & Watershed Management Research , US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) , Curtin Road, Building 3702 , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 , United States.

Article Synopsis
  • Researchers developed a new method to estimate groundwater mean residence time using changes in the enantiomeric ratio of metolachlor’s metabolite, MESA, which previously required impractical amounts of grab sampling.
  • They tested polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) over 28 days at various U.S. sites to see if they could effectively capture MESA levels compared to traditional sampling.
  • The study's findings, including calculated sampling rates and molecular modeling predictions, aim to improve understanding of groundwater dynamics and assess nitrate-N delivery to surface waters under different agricultural practices.
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Characterization of Virulent Strains from Necrotic Enteritis-Affected Broiler Chicken Farms.

Avian Dis

September 2019

Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705,

(CP) type A and newly created type G strains are the key etiological factors in the induction of necrotic enteritis (NE), an important enteric disease that is responsible for the annual loss of $6 billion in the worldwide poultry industry. Several CP toxin genes were found to be critical in NE pathogenesis in chickens, but limited information is available on the CP lethal toxin gene. In this study, 19 CP strains isolated from NE-affected chicken farms were characterized microbiologically and molecularly and evaluated for their pathogenicity in commercial broiler chickens.

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Toxoplasma gondii tissue cyst formation and density of tissue cysts in shoulders of pigs 7 and 14 days after feeding infected mice tissues.

Vet Parasitol

May 2019

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Electronic address:

Among the meat sources of Toxoplasma gondii, pork is considered important in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in the USA. How soon after infection T. gondii forms tissue cysts in pork is unknown.

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First report of antibodies to Neospora spp. in horses from Portugal.

Rev Bras Parasitol Vet

July 2019

Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.

Neospora spp. are intracellular protozoa with worldwide distribution and closely related to Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect a variety of mammals including horses. From September 2013 to June 2014, 185 horses from northern, central and southern parts of mainland Portugal were randomly sampled and tested for detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to Neospora spp.

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Juvenile, female and male nematodes were discovered in wood chips of white pine from Ashley Falls, MA. Initial observations suggested these nematodes might be PWN, but closer morphological and molecular characterization proved otherwise. Comparison of measured features with those in the literature indicated this nematode population had some unique characteristics.

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Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates Clinto 1R, Wayne 1R, and Wood 1R, which produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), can suppress soilborne diseases and promote plant growth. Consequently, these beneficial bacterial isolates were tested on watermelon plants for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode: RKN) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

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