Risk factors for mortality and complications in peripheral venous catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a large multicentre cohort study.

Background: Peripheral venous catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (PVC-SAB) is a potentially life-threatening nosocomial infection.

Aim: This cohort study aims to identify the risk factors associated with its mortality and complications.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study conducted at two tertiary-care hospitals in Spain.

Association of Connective Tissue Grafts in Immediate Implants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The increase in soft tissue (ST) around implants can benefit peri-implant health and aesthetic results. The objective was to compare the gingival and esthetic health benefits of immediate implant placement (IIP) with simultaneous or delayed connective tissue graft (CTG) compared to IIP without CTG.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out by two reviewers in Medline-Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane.

Peripheral intravenous catheter failure, nurse staffing levels and care complexity individual factors: A retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Introduction: Short peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) failure is a common complication that is generally underdiagnosed. Some studies have evaluated the factors associated with these complications, but the impact of care complexity individual factors and nurse staffing levels on PIVC failure is still to be assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of PIVC failure in the public hospital system of the Southern Barcelona Metropolitan Area.

Alzheimer's disease is an inherent, natural part of human brain aging: an integrated perspective.

Alzheimer disease is one of the most challenging demons in our society due to its very high prevalence and its clinical manifestations which cause deterioration of cognition, intelligence, and emotions - the very capacities that distinguish from other animal species. Besides the personal, social, and economical costs, late stages of AD are vivid experiences for the family, relatives, friends, and general observers of the progressive ruin of an individual who turns into a being with lower mental and physical capacities than less evolved species. A human brain with healthy cognition, conscience, and emotions can succeed in dealing with most difficulties that life may pose.

The unique neuropathological vulnerability of the human brain to aging.

Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), limbic predominant TDP-43 proteinopathy (LATE), and amygdala-predominant Lewy body disease (LBD) are proteinopathies that, together with hippocampal sclerosis, progressively appear in the elderly affecting from 50% to 99% of individuals aged 80 years, depending on the disease. These disorders usually converge on the same subject and associate with additive cognitive impairment. Abnormal Tau, TDP-43, and α-synuclein pathologies progress following a pattern consistent with an active cell-to-cell transmission and abnormal protein processing in the host cell.

Time to sputum conversion in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: A score to estimate the infectious period.

Introduction: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) disease and positive sputum cultures are the main source of infection. Culture conversion time is inconsistent and defining the length of respiratory isolation is challenging. The objective of this study is to develop a score to predict the length of isolation period.

Pathological Features in Paediatric Patients with TK2 Deficiency.

Thymidine kinase (TK2) deficiency causes mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. We aimed to report the clinical, biochemical, genetic, histopathological, and ultrastructural features of a cohort of paediatric patients with TK2 deficiency. Mitochondrial DNA was isolated from muscle biopsies to assess depletions and deletions.

Cultural adaptation to Spanish of the “Patient Satisfaction Survey” to assess satisfaction with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

The degree of satisfaction of patients and their relatives with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered an important treatment goal; however there is no scale in Spanish to quantify it. The aim of the study was to translate and adapt into Spanish the “Patient Satisfaction Survey” (PSS) for its use in patients and their relatives.

Differential astrocyte and oligodendrocyte vulnerability in murine Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Glial vulnerability to prions is assessed in murine Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) using the tg340 mouse line expressing four-fold human PrP M129 levels on a mouse PrP null background at different days following intracerebral inoculation of sCJD MM1 brain tissues homogenates. The mRNA expression of several astrocyte markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (), aquaporin-4 (), solute carrier family 16, member 4 (), mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 () and solute carrier family 1, member 2 (glial high-affinity glutamate transporter, ) increases at 120 and 180 dpi. In contrast, the mRNA expression of oligodendrocyte and myelin markers oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (, neural/glial antigen 2 (), solute carrier family 16, member 1 (), myelin basic protein (), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein () and proteolipid protein 1 () is preserved.

An analysis of the prevalence of peripheral giant cell granuloma and pyogenic granuloma in relation to a dental implant.

Background: The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the literature recurrence of peripheral giant cell granuloma and pyogenic granuloma associated with dental implants. It's important to know the characteristics present in these lesions and possible effects on the prognosis of dental implants.

Methods: An electronic search without time restrictions was done in the databases: PubMed/Medline.

Postsurgical Prosthetic Rehabilitation after Mandibular Ameloblastoma Resection: A 7-Year Follow-Up Case Report.

Ameloblastomas are benign but locally invasive odontogenic tumors most frequently located in the mandible. The gold standard of treatment is the surgical resection of the tumor with safety margins. Postsurgical defects generate a significant morbidity that needs reconstruction and oral rehabilitation to restore the oral functions.

Human DNA decays faster with time than viral dsDNA: an analysis on HPV16 using pathology archive samples spanning 85 years.

Background: Quality of the nucleic acids extracted from Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) samples largely depends on pre-analytic, fixation and storage conditions. We assessed the differential sensitivity of viral and human double stranded DNA (dsDNA) to degradation with storage time.

Methods: We randomly selected forty-four HPV16-positive invasive cervical cancer (ICC) FFPE samples collected between 1930 and 1935 and between 2000 and 2004.

Tuberculosis prevention in patients undergoing kidney transplantation: A nurse-led program for screening and treatment.

Background: Systematic screening for, and treatment of, latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is recommended prior to kidney transplant. However, little is known about patient compliance with, or the safety profile of, preventive therapies used in clinical practice.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of patients who were eligible for kidney transplant and were evaluated for TB infection between January 2013 and June 2019 at the TB clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Frequency and type of digital procedures used for the intraoral prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review.

Statement Of Problem: In spite of a digital workflow playing an important role in the intraoral prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with head and neck cancer, information about how it has been implemented and its clinical implications is sparse.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the use of a digital workflow in the intraoral prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with head and neck cancer by analyzing the frequency and type of the digital procedures used.

Material And Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.

Rifabutin for treating tuberculosis in solid organ transplant recipients: A retrospective observational study and literature review.

Background: The treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is challenging owing to interactions between rifampin and immunosuppressive drugs. Rifabutin, a rifamycin with excellent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and that induces cytochrome p450 less, may facilitate treatment. We report our experience with rifabutin for treating TB in SOT recipients and review the available literature.

Care complexity individual factors associated with adverse events and in-hospital mortality.

Introduction: Measuring the impact of care complexity on health outcomes, based on psychosocial, biological and environmental circumstances, is important in order to detect predictors of early deterioration of inpatients. We aimed to identify care complexity individual factors associated with selected adverse events and in-hospital mortality.

Methods: A multicenter, case-control study was carried out at eight public hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017.

Gut microbiome diversity detected by high-coverage 16S and shotgun sequencing of paired stool and colon sample.

The gut microbiome has a fundamental role in human health and disease. However, studying the complex structure and function of the gut microbiome using next generation sequencing is challenging and prone to reproducibility problems. Here, we obtained cross-sectional colon biopsies and faecal samples from nine participants in our COLSCREEN study and sequenced them in high coverage using Illumina pair-end shotgun (for faecal samples) and IonTorrent 16S (for paired feces and colon biopsies) technologies.

Looking for a Better Characterization of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Means of Circulating Tumor Cells.

Traditionally, studies to address the characterization of mechanisms promoting tumor aggressiveness and progression have been focused only on primary tumor analyses, which could provide relevant information but have limitations to really characterize the more aggressive tumor population. To overcome these limitations, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a noninvasive and valuable tool for real-time profiling of disseminated tumor cells. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the value of CTC enumeration and characterization to identify markers associated with the outcome and the aggressiveness of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

A genome-wide association study implicates in lymphangioleiomyomatosis pathogenesis.

Introduction: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) occurs either associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or as sporadic disease (S-LAM). Risk factors for development of S-LAM are unknown. We hypothesised that DNA sequence variants outside of / might be associated with susceptibility for S-LAM and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Evolutionary Changes after Translational Challenges Imposed by Horizontal Gene Transfer.

Genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) may provide the recipient organism with potentially new functions, but proper expression level and integration of the transferred genes in the novel environment are not granted. Notably, transferred genes can differ from the receiving genome in codon usage preferences, leading to impaired translation and reduced functionality. Here, we characterize the genomic and proteomic changes undergone during experimental evolution of Escherichia coli after HGT of three synonymous versions, presenting very different codon usage preference, of an antibiotic resistance gene.

Human papillomavirus 16 sub-lineage dispersal and cervical cancer risk worldwide: Whole viral genome sequences from 7116 HPV16-positive women.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)16 can be separated into genetic sub-lineages (A1-4, B1-4, C1-4, D1-4) which may have differential cervical cancer risk.

Methods: A next-generation sequencing assay was used to whole-genome sequence 7116 HPV16-positive cervical samples from well-characterised international epidemiological studies, including 2076 controls, 1878 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 186 adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ADC), and to assign HPV16 sub-lineage. Logistic regression was used to estimate region-stratified country-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95%CI.

The combined use of EFS, GPX2, and SPRR1A expression could distinguish favorable from poor clinical outcome among epithelial-like head and neck carcinoma subtypes.

Background: We aimed at identifying molecular markers predictive of clinical outcome in patients with head and neck cancer based on the expression profile of cells showing epithelial-like (EL) or mesenchymal-like (ML) phenotypes.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the association between EL and ML cells and migration, drug resistance, or tumor growth. The differential gene expression profile between cell types was used to build a model to stratify patients according to survival.

Distinct geographic clustering of oncogenic human papillomaviruses multiple infections in cervical cancers: Results from a worldwide cross-sectional study.

Coinfections by multiple Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are observed in approximately 6-8% of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) cases worldwide. But neither the presence of persistent HPVs coinfections nor their etiological role in the development of ICC is well understood. Cervical HPVs coinfections have been observed randomly, mostly in women with preneoplastic lesions, and only few studies have globally analyzed ICC cases.

Protective effects of metformin, statins and anti-inflammatory drugs on head and neck cancer: A systematic review.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin, statins and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on head and neck cancer (HNC). Specifically, the potential beneficial effects on risk, survival and recurrence based on epidemiological studies. PRISMA guidelines were followed.