Control of HIV across the WHO European region: progress and remaining challenges.

Despite the ambitious global goal to control HIV transmissions by 2030, more than 30% of people with HIV from the WHO European Region show persistent transmissible levels of the virus. Successful introduction of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has led to significant decreases in new HIV transmissions in some areas of Europe, particularly among men who have sex with men. However, the limited PrEP access or lack of state funding in many European countries underlines the need to increase efforts to make PrEP consistently and equitably available for all individuals in need.

JNJ-78306358, a first-in-class bispecific T cell engaging antibody targeting CD3 and HLA-G.

T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) to treat advanced stage solid tumors are gaining interest after recent clinical successes. The immune checkpoint human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is expressed in several tumor types while in normal tissues expression is limited. Here, we describe JNJ-78306358, a T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody (bsAb) to treat advanced stage solid tumors.

Polytect: an automatic clustering and labeling method for multicolor digital PCR data.

Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) is a state-of-the-art targeted quantification method of nucleic acids. The technology is based on massive partitioning of a reaction mixture into individual PCR reactions. The resulting partition-level end-point fluorescence intensities are used to classify partitions as positive or negative, i.

Atomic scale determination of magnetism and stoichiometry at the LaSrMnO/SrTiO interface: investigation of inverse hysteresis.

Controlling the correlations and electronic reconstruction at the interface of transition metal oxide heterostructures provides a new pathway for tuning their unique physical properties. Here, we investigate the effects of interfacial nonstoichiometry and vertical phase separation on the magnetic properties and proximity-induced magnetism of epitaxial LaSrMnO (LSMO)/SrTiO(001) oxide heterostructures. We also reinvestigate the recently observed inverse hysteresis behavior reported for this system, which we find emanates from the remanent field of the superconducting solenoid and not from antiferromagnetic intra-layer exchange coupling in low coercivity LSMO thin films.

Action Interpretation Determines the Effects of Go/No-Go and Approach/Avoidance Actions on Food Choice.

Executing go/no-go and approach/avoidance responses toward objects can increase people's choices of go over no-go items, and of approach over avoidance items. Some theoretical accounts explain these effects as the results of merely executing these responses (i.e.

Laparoscopic versus open parenchymal preserving liver resections in the posterosuperior segments (ORANGE Segments): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Background: An increasing number of liver resections are performed laparoscopically, while laparoscopic resection of lesions in the posterosuperior segments is technically challenging. We aimed to assess the outcomes of laparoscopic and open parenchymal preserving resection of lesions in the posterosuperior segments in a randomised controlled trial.

Methods: In this multicentre, patient-blinded, superiority randomised controlled trial, patients requiring parenchymal preserving liver resection for tumours in segment 4a, 7, or 8 were enrolled at 17 centres and randomised 1:1 to laparoscopic or open surgery using a minimisation scheme stratifying for centre and lesion size.

A 6.49-Mb inversion associated with the purple embryo spot trait in potato.

Unlabelled: The embryo spot trait leads to a deep purple or reddish coloration at the base of the cotyledons of the embryo, visible on both sides of flat potato () seeds. This trait has long been used by potato researchers and breeders as a morphological marker during dihaploid induction. The formation of embryo spots reflects the accumulation of anthocyanins, but the genetic basis of this trait remains unclear.

Promoting active participation in robot-aided rehabilitation via machine learning and impedance control.

Introduction: Active patient participation is crucial for effective robot-assisted rehabilitation. Quantifying the user's Active Level of Participation (ALP) during therapy and developing human-robot interaction strategies that promote engagement can improve rehabilitation outcomes. However, existing methods for estimating participation are often unimodal and do not provide continuous participation assessment.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Symptom Profiles of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction in Obesity Before and After Treatment.

Background & Aims: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) in obesity could impair health outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to study the prevalence and burden of symptoms compatible with a DGBI in obesity and assess the effect of obesity treatment on comorbid DGBI.

Methods: We used baseline and two-year follow-up data from a prospective non-randomized cohort study including patients with obesity referred for obesity treatment.

Hydrogen Sulfide and Protein Persulfidation in Plant Stress Signaling.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is increasingly recognized as a crucial signaling molecule in plants, playing key roles in regulating physiological processes and enhancing stress tolerance. This review provides an updated summary of H2S signaling in plant stress responses, discussing its uptake from external environmental sources, its endogenous biosynthesis, and its broader functions in stress adaptation. We summarize the impact of H2S on plants under various stress conditions and review the mechanisms through which it mediates signaling functions, with a particular focus on H2S-mediated protein persulfidation.

Using prior information to individualize start item selection when assessing physical functioning with the EORTC CAT Core.

Background: Computerized adaptive test (CAT) provides individualized measurement, using the patient's previous responses to select the next most informative item. However, the first item, the start item, is usually not individualized as no score estimate is available a priori. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) CAT Core covers 15 health-related quality of life domains.

Quality of prescribing and health-related quality of life in older adults: a narrative review with a special focus on patients with atrial fibrillation and multimorbidity.

Purpose: To summarise the association between potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults, with a special focus on those with atrial fibrillation (AF) and multimorbidity, while exploring potential interventions to improve prescribing quality and their impact on HRQOL.

Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was conducted in MEDLINE using the PubMed interface on August 16th, 2024, focusing on key terms related to "potentially inappropriate prescribing" and "quality of life". Additionally, the reference lists of included studies were screened.

Combined Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation After Rescue Allocation: The Eurotransplant Experience: A Retrospective Multicenter Outcome Analysis.

Background: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) is the therapy of choice for selected patients with complicated type 1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease. Pancreas rescue allocation was implemented in Eurotransplant allocation algorithms to increase organ utilization, concurrently facilitating transplantation of supposedly inferior quality organs. The aim of this study was to examine whether outcomes of SPKT after rescue allocation, which can either be recipient-oriented extended allocation or competitive rescue allocation, were as good as after standard allocation.

Effectiveness of the XBB.1.5 COVID-19 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalisation Among Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years During the BA.2.86/JN.1 Predominant Period, VEBIS Hospital Study, Europe, November 2023 to May 2024.

We estimated the effectiveness of the adapted monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalisation during the BA.

Predicting puff pastry margarine performances based on LAOS output.

Laminated pastries rely heavily on the unique viscoelastic and plastic properties of margarine. Traditional methods for predicting such properties, such as solid fat content (SFC), hardness, small amplitude oscillatory rheology, and subjective sensory tests (thumb test), often lack the sensitivity to detect subtle variations in margarine possessing similar characteristics. SFC primarily focuses on solid fat content, hardness measurement with cone provides a single-point assessment and identifying linear viscoelastic region cannot adequately describe the non-linear behavior which is crucial for lamination processes involving significant deformations.

Custom Fabricated Subperiosteal Implants for Sectional Rehabilitation of Severely Atrophic Maxillae: A Technical Note.

Severe atrophy in isolated posterior maxillary sectors poses challenges for dental rehabilitation, especially in partially dentate patients where traditional graftless techniques are unsuitable. This study retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of sectional rehabilitation in 16 consecutive patients with Cawood and Howell class V to VI atrophy treated with 21 custom fabricated subperiosteal implants. Patients were followed for a median of 36 months (interquartile range: 24 to 48).

Mass Spectrometry With Data-Independent Acquisition for the Identification of Target Antigens in Membranous Nephropathy.

Rationale & Objective: In recent years, the strategy of using laser microdissection and mass spectrometry (LCM/MS) has expanded the landscape of antigens associated with membranous nephropathy (MN). Specific associations with phenotypes, diseases and sometimes reversible triggers led to an antigen-based classification of MN, informing precision medicine and highlighting for the potential value of routine use of proteomics in classifying MN. This study aimed at reproducing and further improving the original LCM/MS for antigen detection in MN.

BIOCHEMICAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS OF VITAMIN B RESEARCH.

Vitamin B is an indispensable food factor for the human and animal body. In animals, vitamin B is found in the form of thiamine and its phosphate esters - thiamine mono-, di- and triphosphate, as well as an adenylated derivative - adenosine thiamine triphosphate. At present, the only vitamin B form with biochemical functions being elucidated is thiamine diphosphate, which serves as a coenzyme for several important enzymes involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, fatty acid and energy metabolism.

Global epidemiology of acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients with decompensated cirrhosis: the International Club of Ascites GLOBAL AKI prospective, multicentre, cohort study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of cirrhosis. A systematic, global characterisation of AKI occurring in patients with cirrhosis is lacking. We therefore aimed to assess global differences in the characteristics, management, and outcomes of AKI in hospitalised patients with cirrhosis.

Awareness of genomic testing among patients with breast cancer in Europe.

Purpose: Genomic testing, involving expression profiling of tumour tissue, is a powerful tool for determining appropriate treatments for certain cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate awareness of genomic testing in breast cancer patients in five European countries.

Methods: The survey was initiated by Cancer Patients Europe and developed with patient associations, oncologists, and a psycho-oncologist.

A synthesis of meta-analyses of immersive virtual reality interventions in pain.

The severity and impact of pain can vary greatly, even in individuals with the same physical injury. This variation underscores the need for a variety of treatment strategies in effective pain management. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that has been used as a treatment in diverse pain populations and for diverse indications.

Preserving potential: Surgeons as key partners in establishing a living sarcoma biobank for translational research purposes.

Background: Sarcoma is a rare type of cancer, of which over 70 distinct molecular subtypes are known. Because these tumours are so rare and complex, treatment outcomes have remained similar over the past decades and research is progressing slowly. For these rare cancers, personalised medicine and patient-derived models might pose solutions for therapeutic problems, but researchers depend on clinicians to access fresh, viable tumour tissue.

High-uniformity, low-cost, ultra-dense arrays of Au-capped plastic nanopillars fabricated via nanoimprint lithography as reliable SERS substrates.

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is gradually becoming a powerful tool for the fabrication of periodic nanostructures. This method can offer a more cost-effective solution for large-scale manufacturing compared to methods that only rely on deep ultraviolet (DUV) immersion, since the product of DUV immersion can be utilized as a Si mold to fabricate a reusable plastic stamp mold. In this work, arrays of plastic nanopillars coated with nanostructured gold film exhibiting ultra density prepared through NIL and Au sputtering are successfully developed.