Assessing Total Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes and Generating an Orthopedic Research Outcome Database via a Natural Language Processing Pipeline: Development and Validation Study.

Background: Processing data from electronic health records (EHRs) to build research-grade databases is a lengthy and expensive process. Modern arthroplasty practice commonly uses multiple sites of care, including clinics and ambulatory care centers. However, most private data systems prevent obtaining usable insights for clinical practice.

In vitro performance of a charcoal capturing device with desflurane.

Background: The use of capturing devices may become required for the continued use desflurane. We tested the percentage of desflurane captured by a charcoal filter (CONTRAfluran)-workstation (Aisys) combination in vitro.

Methods: Desflurane in O2/air was administered via an Aisys workstation into a 2 L test lung that was insufflated with CO2 (160 mL/min).

Spatial Distribution of Brain PET Tracers by MALDI Imaging.

Evaluating tissue distribution of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers during their development conventionally involves autoradiography techniques, where radioactive compounds are used for visualization and quantification in tissues during preclinical development stages. Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) offers a potential alternative, providing spatial information without the need for radioactivity with a similar spatial resolution. This study aimed to optimize a MSI sample preparation protocol for assessing PET tracer candidates with a focus on two compounds: UCB-J and UCB2400.

Thermosensory predictive coding underpins an illusion of pain.

The human brain has a remarkable ability to learn and update its beliefs about the world. Here, we investigate how thermosensory learning shapes our subjective experience of temperature and the misperception of pain in response to harmless thermal stimuli. Through computational modeling, we demonstrate that the brain uses a probabilistic predictive coding scheme to update beliefs about temperature changes based on their uncertainty.

Targeting the NPY/NPY1R signaling axis in mutant p53-dependent pancreatic cancer impairs metastasis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly metastatic malignancy. More than 80% of patients with PC present with advanced-stage disease, preventing potentially curative surgery. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system, best known for its role in controlling energy homeostasis, has also been shown to promote tumorigenesis in a range of cancer types, but its role in PC has yet to be explored.

MLX phosphorylation stabilizes the ChREBP-MLX heterotetramer on tandem E-boxes to control carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and Max-like protein X (MLX) form a heterodimeric transcription factor complex that couples intracellular sugar levels to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. To promote the expression of target genes, two ChREBP-MLX heterodimers form a heterotetramer to bind a tandem element with two adjacent E-boxes, called carbohydrate-responsive element (ChoRE). How the ChREBP-MLX hetero-tetramerization is achieved and regulated remains poorly understood.

What is the value of testing for tick-borne diseases in cattle in endemic areas? A case study of bovine anaplasmosis.

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease (TBDs) caused by Anaplasma spp. In areas where TBDs are endemic, it is crucial to consider the animals' immunological status in relation to these diseases. The true prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis, the percentage of animals with protective antibodies against this TBD, and the diagnostic characteristics of three tests (multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), and blood smear (BS)) were estimated using a Bayesian approach.

Are resting-state network alterations in late-life depression related to synaptic density? Findings of a combined 11C-UCB-J PET and fMRI study.

This study investigates the relationship between resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) topological properties and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) positron emission tomography (PET) synaptic density (SD) in late-life depression (LLD). 18 LLD patients and 33 healthy controls underwent rs-fMRI, 3D T1-weighted MRI, and 11C-UCB-J PET scans to assess SD. The rs-fMRI data were utilized to construct weighted networks for calculating four global topological metrics, including clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, global efficiency, and small-worldness, and six nodal metrics, including nodal clustering coefficient, nodal characteristic path length, nodal degree, nodal strength, local efficiency, and betweenness centrality.

Neglected Microbes in Floral Nectar: Influence of Filamentous Fungi on Nectar Scent and Parasitoid Olfactory Responses.

Floral nectar is a sugar-rich resource which is ubiquitously inhabited by a wide array of microorganisms. Fermentation by nectar-inhabiting microbes can alter several nectar traits, including nectar scent, via changes in the blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although there is growing evidence on how yeasts and bacteria influence the foraging behavior of flower-visiting insects, the potential role of other microbial taxa that can colonize nectar has been largely neglected.

Market and Non-Market Productivity Losses Associated with Invasive Meningococcal Disease in the USA.

Background And Objective: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an uncommon but serious disease associated with a risk of death and severe long-term sequelae, impacting both patients and their caregivers. Productivity losses due to IMD have not previously been comprehensively evaluated in the USA. This study evaluated both market and non-market productivity losses to better estimate the economic burden of IMD in the USA.

A global cross-sectional survey on neonatal analgosedation: unveiling global trends and challenges through latent class analysis.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze global prescribing patterns for analgosedation in neonates during four critical care scenarios. The research explores existing patterns, their association with geographic and sociodemographic index (SDI), and adherence to evidence-based practices.

Methods: Data from a 2024 global survey of 924 responses to 28 questions were analyzed, focusing on four items for their high variability: premedication in intubation (Q17), sedation in preterm (Q19) and full-term newborns (Q23), and perinatal asphyxia (Q26).

Long-term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine in children and adults with Dravet syndrome.

Objective: We analyzed the long-term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine (FFA) in patients with Dravet syndrome (DS) in an open-label extension (OLE) study after participating in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or commencing FFA de novo as adults.

Methods: Patients with DS who participated in one of three RCTs or were 19 to 35 years of age and started FFA de novo were included. Key endpoints were: incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in the safety population, and median percentage change in monthly convulsive seizure frequency (MCSF) from the RCT baseline to end of study (EOS) in the modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population.

FFR-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention vs Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients With Diabetes.

Importance: Outcomes in patients with diabetes after fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using current-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are unknown.

Objectives: To investigate the relative treatment effect of PCI vs CABG according to diabetes status with respect to major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 3 years and to evaluate the impact of the SYNTAX score.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This is a prespecified subgroup analysis of the FAME (Fractional Flow Reserve vs Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) 3 trial, an investigator-initiated, randomized clinical trial conducted at 48 centers worldwide.

Evaluation of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 Palliative Care and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative in assessing the quality of life in patients with advanced cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Two widely validated health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) tools, specifically designed for patients with advanced cancer, are the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 Palliative Care (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative (FACIT-Pal-14). This systematic review aims to evaluate the use of EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL and FACIT-Pal-14 in prospective studies in patients with advanced cancer, focusing on study types, clinical settings, additional HR-QoL tools used, and completion rates.

Recent Findings: Sixty studies were included in the analysis.

Ultrahypofractionation and Simultaneous Integrated Boost in Breast Cancer: Early Side Effects Analysis.

Purpose: The FAST-Forward study paved the way for ultrahypofractionation (UHF) in breast cancer. We prospectively registered and analyzed our case series receiving UHF + simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) to further reduce the treatment to a total of 5 days. The study aimed to present the 6-month early side effects results of the first patients treated with this scheme in 16 radiation oncology centers in Spain.

Harnessing Visible/UV Light for the Activation and/or Functionalization of C-H Bonds: Metal- and Photocatalyst-Free Approach.

Photosynthesis in plants has inspired photochemical reactions in organic chemistry. Synthetic organic chemists always seek cost-effective, operationally simple, averting the use of toxic and difficult-to-remove metallic catalysts, atom economical, and high product purity in organic reactions. In the last few decades, the use of light as a catalyst in organic reactions has increased exponentially as literature has exploded with examples, particularly by using toxic and expensive metal complexes, photosensitizers like organic dyes, hypervalent iodine, or by using inorganic semiconductors.

Preserving the Biologically Coherent Generic Concept of , 'Plant Destroyer'.

is a long-established, well known and globally important genus of plant pathogens. Phylogenetic evidence has shown that the biologically distinct, obligate biotrophic downy mildews evolved from at least twice. Since, cladistically, this renders 'paraphyletic', it has been proposed that evolutionary clades be split into multiple genera (Runge et al.

Evaluating Toxic Interactions of Polystyrene Microplastics with Hazardous and Noxious Substances Using the Early Life Stages of the Marine Bivalve .

Plastics pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems, owing to their slow biodegradability. Microplastics (MPs), in particular, affect marine life and maricultural organisms and can enter the food chain via ingestion by marine organisms, leading to bioaccumulation in predators, including humans. This study assessed the toxic interactions between polystyrene microplastic particles (PSMPs) and cadmium (Cd) and phenanthrene (Phe) using marine bivalves.

Decreased Expression of Aquaporins as a Feature of Tubular Damage in Lupus Nephritis.

Tubulointerstitial hypoxia is a key factor for lupus nephritis progression to end-stage renal disease. Numerous aquaporins (AQPs) are expressed by renal tubules and are essential for their proper functioning. The aim of this study is to characterize the tubular expression of AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3, which could provide a better understanding of tubulointerstitial stress during lupus nephritis.

Pneumococcal genotype 23B1 as a driver of increased 23B serotype carriage, penicillin non-susceptibility, and invasive disease in Belgium: a retrospective analysis.

serotype 23B, a non-vaccine serotype, has shown an increasing prevalence and penicillin non-susceptibility among carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates. Recently, a novel penicillin non-susceptible genotype has emerged, named 23B1. In the framework of the Belgian pneumococcal carriage study, we studied the prevalence of 23B/23B1 among 586 23B strains (2016-2022) in 172 day care centers from 6- to 30-month-old children and among 130 pediatric 23B IPD isolates (2007-2021).

Automated Insulin Delivery in Pregnancies Complicated by Type 1 Diabetes.

Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems adapt insulin delivery via a predictive algorithm integrated with continuous glucose monitoring and an insulin pump. Automated insulin delivery has become standard of care for glycemic management of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) outside pregnancy, leading to improvements in time in range, with lower risk for hypoglycemia and improved treatment satisfaction. The use of AID facilitates optimal preconception care, thus more women of reproductive age are becoming pregnant while using AID.

Extent of surgical repair and outcomes after surgery for type A aortic dissection.

Background: Acute Stanford type A aortic dissection is a severe emergency condition that, if left untreated, is associated with a high mortality rate. The extent of surgical repair may impact the outcomes of these patients.

Method: Patients operated for acute type A aortic dissection from a multicentre European registry were included.