A Bis-Glycosylamine Strategy for the Synthesis of Dimeric Iminosugars Based on a DAB-1 Scaffold.

A straightforward synthetic route towards DAB-1 scaffolded dimeric iminosugars is described here, starting from readily available bis-glycosylamines. The method allows the integration of a variety of linkages (aryl, alkyl, polyethyleneglycol chains) between both iminosugars through the choice of the bis-amine used in the first step. Moreover, an additional substituent (allyl, ethynyl) may be inserted into the structure via nucleophilic addition of an organometallic reagent to the starting bis-glycosylamine.

Correlation Between Spinopelvic Parameters, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain.

Study Design: This is an observational study.

Objectives: In general practice, it is noted that some people can deal more easily with a prominent belly than others. Recent use of spinopelvic parameters in the analysis of the spine might explain this observation.

Review of the Microstructural Impact on Creep Mechanisms and Performance for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Inconel 718.

Inconel 718 (IN718) is a polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy and one of the most widely used materials in the aerospace industry owing to its excellent mechanical performances at high temperatures, including creep resistance. Interest in additively manufactured components in aerospace is greatly increasing due to their ability to reduce material consumption, to manufacture complex parts, and to produce out-of-equilibrium microstructures, which can be beneficial for mechanical behavior. IN718's properties are, however, very sensitive to microstructural features, which strongly depend on the manufacturing process and subsequent heat treatments.

Computational Fluid Dynamics as a Digital Tool for Enhancing Safety Uptake in Advanced Manufacturing Environments Within a Safe-by-Design Strategy.

In modern manufacturing environments, pollution management is critical as exposure to harmful substances can cause serious health issues. This study presents a two-stage computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model to estimate the distribution of pollutants in indoor production spaces. In the first stage, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method was used to simulate airflow and temperature.

Alkali-Activated Mineral Residues in Construction: Case Studies on Bauxite Residue and Steel Slag Pavement Tiles.

This research aimed to investigate the potential of using alkali activation technology to valorize steel slag and bauxite residue for the production of high-performance pavement blocks. By utilizing these industrial by-products, the study seeks to reduce their environmental impact and support the development of sustainable construction materials. Lab-scale testing showed that bauxite pavers showed a decrease in mechanical strength with increasing replacement of ordinary Portland cement.

Macronutrient-Based Predictive Modelling of Bioconversion Efficiency in Black Soldier Fly Larvae () Through Artificial Substrates.

This study explores the optimisation of rearing substrates for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). First, the ideal dry matter content of substrates was determined, comparing the standard 30% dry matter (DM) with substrates hydrated to their maximum water holding capacity (WHC). Substrates at maximal WHC yielded significantly higher larval survival rates ( = 0.

Thermal Development, Mortality, and Fertility of an Apulian Strain of at Different Temperatures.

This study explored the thermal response of , an injurious insect pest present in many countries worldwide, at different controlled conditions. This species is responsible for several economic losses in soft fruit cultivations, develops on ripening fruits, and has the capability to quickly adapt to new territories and climates, closing multiple generations per year. Given its high invasive potential and the increasing need for low-impact control strategies, an in-depth exploration of the biology of this species and of the stage thermal response is fundamental.

Evaluation of a Simple Antibiotic-Free Cryopreservation Protocol for Drone Semen.

The increasing reliance of modern agriculture on honey bee () pollination has driven efforts to preserve and enhance bee populations. The cryopreservation of drone semen presents a promising solution for preserving genetic diversity and supporting breeding programs without live animal transport risks. This study aimed to evaluate a one-step dilution antibiotic-free drone semen slow-freezing protocol under field conditions with in vitro and in vivo parameters.

Antiplasmodial Activity of a New Chemotype of Hochst. Ex C. Krauss Essential Oil.

, a tropical African plant, is traditionally used to treat several diseases, including fever, inflammation, and malaria. Essential oils (EOs) from the plant's leaves, roots, and trunk bark were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents identified were virdiflorene (18.

Transcriptome and Neuroendocrinome Responses to Environmental Stress in the Model and Pest Insect .

The fall armyworm, , is one of the most notorious pest insects, causing damage to more than 350 plant species, and is feared worldwide as an invasive pest species since it exhibits high adaptivity against environmental stress. Here, we therefore investigated its transcriptome responses to four different types of stresses, namely cold, heat, no water and no food. We used brain samples as our interest was in the neuroendocrine responses, while previous studies used whole bodies of larvae or moths.

Optimization of SARS-CoV-2 M Inhibitors by a Structure-Based Multilevel Virtual Screening Method.

With the aim of developing novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs to address the ongoing evolution and emergence of drug-resistant strains, the reported SARS-CoV-2 M inhibitor was selected as a lead to find novel, highly potent, and broad-spectrum inhibitors. Using a fragment-based multilevel virtual screening strategy, 15 hit compounds were identified and subsequently synthesized. Among them, (IC = 1.

Synthetic GPR84 Agonists in Colorectal Cancer: Effective in THP-1 Cells but Ineffective in BMDMs and MC38 Mouse Tumor Models.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment promote tumor progression but can be reprogrammed into a pro-inflammatory state with anti-cancer properties. Activation of the G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) is associated with pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization, making it a potential target for CRC therapy. This study evaluates the effects of the GPR84 agonists 6-OAU and ZQ-16 on macrophage activation and anti-cancer efficacy.

Changes to the Autophagy-Related Muscle Proteome Following Short-Term Treatment with Ectoine in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Mouse Model mdx.

The most severe form of muscular dystrophy (MD), known as Duchenne MD (DMD), remains an incurable disease, hence the ongoing efforts to develop supportive therapies. The dysregulation of autophagy, a degradative yet protective mechanism activated when tissues are under severe and prolonged stress, is critically involved in DMD. Treatments that harness autophagic capacities therefore represent a promising therapeutic approach.

Risk Factors and Circulating Subtypes of spp. and in Hospitalized Children in Mozambique.

spp. and are important diarrheal agents in children in developing countries. Little is known about their molecular epidemiology; as such, the objective of this study was to determine the risk factors and genetic diversity of both parasites in diarrheal samples in Mozambique.

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Italy: The Basis for a National Screening Assessment Model?

Free-of-charge hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV Ab) screening in some key populations and in 1969-1989 birth cohorts have been funded in Italy as the first step in confirming diagnosis in individuals who may be unaware of their infection. The purpose of this study is to leverage existing in-hospital routine screening data to better understand the distribution of HCV. A retrospective study of hospitalized patients (PTs) tested for HCV Ab for 5 years (from January 2017 to December 2022) in San Raffaele hospital was conducted according to age categories: birth year group before 1947 (patients older than 76 years old), birth year group 1947-1968, birth year group 1969-1989, and two other groups with birth year groups 1990-2000 and 2001-2022 (with patients younger than 33 years old) using the TriNetX platform.

Bayesian Estimation of the True Bovine Brucellosis Prevalence in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Ecuadorian Cattle Populations, and the Sensitivity and Specificity of a Competitive and Indirect ELISA Using a New Synthetic Antigen.

Bovine brucellosis (bB) is a zoonosis mainly caused by the species in cattle. Bovine brucellosis can present with either a range of clinical symptoms, including spontaneous abortions in the last trimester of pregnancy, retained fetal membranes, and decreased milk production, or it can be asymptomatic. In Ecuador, vaccination against bB with S19 and/or RB51 is not mandatory and is the responsibility of the farmer.

Soil Microbial Responses to Varying Environmental Conditions in a Copper Belt Region of Africa: Phytoremediation Perspectives.

The mining industry in the copper belt region of Africa was initiated in the early 1900s, with copper being the main ore extracted to date. The main objectives of the present study are (1) to characterize the microbial structure, abundance, and diversity in different ecological conditions in the cupriferous city of Lubumbashi and (2) to assess the metal phytoextraction potential of , a main plant species used in tailing. Four ecologically different sites were selected.

Determination of the De Novo Minimum Selection Concentration of Trimethoprim In Vivo for Using A Pilot Study.

We investigated whether the maximum residual levels of trimethoprim permitted in food (Acceptable Daily Intake-ADI) could select for de novo trimethoprim resistance in in vivo. We designed chronic infection models of in and exposed them to sub-ADI doses of trimethoprim through a single-dosing regimen. The emergence of trimethoprim resistance was determined by isolating the target bacteria on selective agar plates, followed by species confirmation using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

A Refined Nomenclature System to Better Discriminate Endo- and Exo-Type Fructanases and Glucanases.

Distinguishing between endo- and exo-type enzymes within the glycoside hydrolase (GH) classification presents significant challenges. Traditional methods, often based on endpoint activity measurements, do not capture the full range of products generated, leading to inconsistencies in classification. Not all exo-acting fructanases and glucanases produce monosaccharides (like fructose or glucose), while endo-acting enzymes do not solely produce higher-degree polymerization oligosaccharides.

A VersaTile Approach to Reprogram the Specificity of the R2-Type Tailocin Towards Different Serotypes of and .

Phage tail-like bacteriocins, or tailocins, provide a competitive advantage to producer cells by killing closely related bacteria. Morphologically similar to headless phages, their narrow target specificity is determined by receptor-binding proteins (RBPs). While RBP engineering has been used to alter the target range of a selected R2 tailocin from , the process is labor-intensive, limiting broader application.

Oral Antibacterial Drug Prescribing in Primary Care Out-of-Hours Services: A Scoping Review.

Background/objectives: The rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a critical threat to global health. Primary care plays a significant role in this crisis, with oral antibacterial drugs among the most prescribed medications. Antibacterial prescribing rates are often high and complicated in out-of-hours (OOH) services, including weekdays outside regular hours, weekends, and holidays, potentially exacerbating AMR.

Evaluation of the Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Cecropin A Natural Peptide on Gram-Negative Bacteria.

In an era dominated by the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, it is increasingly important to look for alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. In light of these considerations, the synergistic use of essential oils and Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) seems a viable strategy. In this study, we assessed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) of three Essential Oils (EOs): winter savory (), bergamot () and cinnamon () and of the insect antimicrobial peptide Cecropin A (CecA), alone and in combination with EOs, against two Gram-negative ATCC bacterial strains: and serovar Typhimurium.

The Role of Nutrition Across Production Stages to Improve Sow Longevity.

Modern hyperprolific sows are increasingly susceptible to health challenges. Their rapid growth rates predispose them to locomotor disorders, while high metabolic demands, reduced backfat thickness, and increased protein accretion heighten their vulnerability to heat stress and dystocia. Additionally, prolonged farrowing negatively affects the oxidative and inflammatory status of these females.

Precision in Motion Management: Long-Term Local Control and Prognostic Insights in SBRT for Oligometastatic Lung and Liver Metastases.

: Inadequate dosing and respiratory motion contribute to local recurrence for oligometastatic disease (OMD). While short-term LC rates are well-documented, data on long-term LC remain limited. This study investigated long-term LC after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), using respiratory motion management techniques.

Emerging Trends in Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: The New Kids on the Block.

In the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations for 2030, mental health has been identified as a global priority, emphasizing the need to reduce the prevalence, morbidity, and premature mortality associated with mental disorders [...