Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: As neurodegenerative diseases advance, postmitotic neurons are affected by disturbed proteostasis and the accumulation of misfolded proteins. This renders neurons sensitive to cell death, ultimately leading to progressive neuron loss. Multiple studies show the involvement of distinct pathways of regulated cell death (RCD) in neurodegenerative diseases, such as necroptosis.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia, characterized by early amyloid beta accumulation, subsequent tau pathology, and eventually synaptic and neuronal loss. Sleep disturbances, a clinical phenotype in AD, are linked to amyloid beta and impaired protein clearance. However, the influence of tau pathology on sleep is less explored.

Rotavirus vaccine coverage, completion, and compliance: A systematic literature review.

Rotavirus, a leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in children, is largely preventable through immunization with two internationally licensed oral rotavirus vaccines (RVVs) included in national programs across over 100 countries. These RVVs are administered in either two (Rotarix™; 2D-RV) or three (RotaTeq®; 3D-RV) doses. We aimed to assess the global coverage, completion, and compliance of 2D-RV and 3D-RV in various settings, and to identify factors influencing vaccine coverage.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains commonly exhibit various co-morbid pathologies, with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) being the most prevalent, affecting 70-90% of patients. CAA can be restricted to medium and large vessels or extend to capillaries. Additionally, AD patients often show pathologies involving phosphorylated-TDP-43 (pTDP-43) and alpha-synuclein (αSyn), typically demonstrating an amygdala-predominant subtype.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: ABCA7, an important risk gene for AD, encodes a transporter implicated in lipid transport and phagocytosis, and its disruptions have been linked to AD pathogenesis. However, the impact of these mutations on AD risk is complex due to their interaction with a multifaceted transcriptional architecture and cell type-specificexpression patterns. This study aims to analyze the intricate patterns of ABCA7 expression across diverse cell types, considering various ABCA7 genotypes in relation to AD patients and non-carrier controls, while also exploring the effects of ABCA7 mutations on transcriptome-wide gene expression.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Classical genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which successfully identified over 75 risk loci to date, are limited to the content of the imputation panels that typically do not cover all types of genetic variation, e.g., tandem repeats encompassing >55% of human genome.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogenous disease with a strong heritability. Genetic studies are of irreplaceable value in elucidating the mechanisms that underly this disease. The classical genome-wide association studies (GWAS) rely on ever-increasing sample sizes and utilize clinical AD diagnosis to investigate genetic risk.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Structural and functional changes of the choroid plexus (ChP) have been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nonetheless, the role of the ChP in the pathogenesis of AD remains largely unknown. We aim to unravel the relationship between ChP functioning and core AD pathogenesis using a unique proteomic approach in mice and humans.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The ability to discriminate very similar objects by implementing the binding between their multiple features is assumed to be supported by the medial temporal lobe (MTL). MTL is the first brain region that shows abnormal tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether binding ability is impaired since the preclinical stage of AD and relates to MTL tau burden is not well-established.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: While Alzheimer Disease (AD) patients' difficulty to recognize face identity (Werheid & Clare, 2007) has been mainly attributed to episodic and semantic memory impairments, these patients can also show abnormal difficulties at matching of unfamiliar faces for their identity, suggesting impaired perceptual function (Lavallée et al., 2016). However, since this latter evidence is based on explicit behavioural measures, the difficulties of AD patients can be due to many factors (e.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Cognitive Reserve(CR) a concept based on the brain plasticity, is a mechanism that delays or minimizes clinical manifestations of brain changes due to aging. Prospective epidemiologic studies non-demented individuals have shown that education, occupational duration and complexity, and greater lifetime engagement in cognitively stimulating activities are associated with a reduced risk of dementia. We study the cognitive reserve and its neuroimaging correlate.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the first cortical region affected by tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is implicated in spatial orientation. In early AD stages, navigation deficits, including path integration deficits, could be present, even before memory deficits. We investigated whether these deficits were related to AD pathology (amyloidosis and/or tauopathy) using a path integration task, the "Apple Game".

Assessment of Craniofacial Growth Pattern Relative to Respiratory Mandibular Movement and Sleep Characteristics: A Pilot Study.

Objectives:  The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of sagittal skeletal pattern on mandibular movement (MM) during sleep in growing orthodontic populations. The secondary objective was to compare MM according to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) status.

Materials And Methods:  This cross-sectional study included subjects between 6 and 17 years old, presenting with class I, II, and III skeletal patterns and no previous history of orthodontic treatment.

Stacking-Engineered Ferroelectricity and Multiferroic Order in van der Waals Magnets.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials that exhibit spontaneous magnetization, polarization, or strain (referred to as ferroics) have the potential to revolutionize nanotechnology by enhancing the multifunctionality of nanoscale devices. However, multiferroic order is difficult to achieve, requiring complicated coupling between electron and spin degrees of freedom. We propose a universal method to engineer multiferroics from van der Waals magnets by taking advantage of the fact that changing the stacking between 2D layers can break inversion symmetry, resulting in ferroelectricity as well as magnetoelectric coupling.

Optical Excitation of Coherent THz Dynamics of the Rare-Earth Lattice through Resonant Pumping of f-f Electronic Transition in a Complex Perovskite DyFeO_{3}.

Resonant pumping of the electronic f-f transitions in the orbital multiplet of dysprosium ions (Dy^{3+}) in a complex perovskite DyFeO_{3} is shown to impulsively launch THz lattice dynamics corresponding to the B_{2g} phonon mode, which is dominanted by the motion of Dy^{3+} ions. The findings, supported by symmetry analysis and density-functional theory calculations, not only provide a novel route for highly selective excitation of the rare-earth crystal lattices but also establish important relationships between the symmetry of the electronic and lattice excitations in complex oxides.

Missing data and long-term outcomes from nutrition research in the critically ill.

Purpose Of Review: The use of functional outcomes in critical care nutrition research is increasingly advocated; however, this inevitably gives rise to missing data. Consequently there is a need to adopt modern approaches to the foreseeable problem of missing functional and survival outcomes in research trials.

Recent Findings: Analyses that ignore unobserved or missing data will often return biased effect estimates.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Connected speech has been explored as a possible marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) by employing language models based on machine learning. However, most previous approaches are based on scene description tasks, and it is unclear how different types of connected speech and differences across subjects' speech relate to changes in their brains.

Method: We analyzed transcripts of Flemish Dutch connected speech from interviews from 74 cognitively healthy elderly adults (mean MMSE = 28.

Prevalence and risk factors of antibiotic resistance for urinary tract infections in patients presenting to a Belgian tertiary care emergency department: testing the national guidelines against the local setting.

Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are an important cause of empiric antibiotic (over)treatment at the emergency department (ED). To enhance empiric antibiotic choices, mapping the national and local microbiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns is crucial. This study aims to examine resistance patterns at a Brussels ED and to identify risk factors for AMR to evaluate current treatment guidelines and help combat AMR.

Clinical characterisation and outcomes of human clade IIb mpox virus disease - a European multicentre observational cohort study (MOSAIC).

Background: The global mpox outbreak which started in May 2022 was caused by a novel clade IIb variant of the mpox virus (MPXV). It differed from the traditional Western and Central Africa disease in transmission patterns and clinical presentation.

Methods: To address the need for detailed clinical and virologic data, we conducted an observational cohort study (MOSAIC) during May 2022-July 2023 in individuals with confirmed MPXV infection enrolled in six European Countries.

Cervicothoracic Emphysema After Nasotracheal Intubation Attempt: A Life-Threatening Complication-A Case Report.

Nasotracheal intubation is a commonly used technique in elective oral and pharyngeal surgeries. This case report details an incident involving a young adult patient in which an attempt at nasotracheal intubation resulted in a life-threatening cervicofacial and thoracic emphysema. Although complications associated with nasotracheal intubation are rare, their potential severity necessitates a comprehensive preprocedural discussion and risk assessment with the surgical team to confirm its appropriate indication for each individual patient.

3D Breast Scanning in Plastic Surgery Utilizing Free iPhone LiDAR Application: Evaluation, Potential, and Limitations.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) imaging enhances surgical planning and documentation in plastic surgery, but high costs limit accessibility. Mobile Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology offers a potential cost-effective alternative.

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy and clinical utility of iPhone-based LiDAR scanning for breast measurements compared to traditional methods, and to establish standardized protocols for clinical implementation.

Telemedicine in cancer care: lessons from COVID-19 and solutions for Europe.

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged healthcare delivery, especially cancer care. Telemedicine emerged as an important tool to reduce disease transmission risks, maintain continuity of care, and improve accessibility. This study explores temporary measures during the pandemic as well as challenges and facilitators for integrating telemedicine into the European healthcare landscape in five case countries, focusing on cancer care.

Human ovarian tissue xenotransplantation: advancements, challenges, and future perspectives.

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation has emerged as a promising fertility preservation technique for individuals facing premature ovarian insufficiency due to various medical conditions or treatments. Xenotransplantation, involving the transplantation of ovarian tissue into animal hosts, has played a pivotal role in refining ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation techniques and addressing key challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of ovarian tissue xenotransplantation research, focusing on its applications in investigating ovarian biology, optimizing ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation protocols, and assessing safety concerns.

Analysis of Changes in Home- and Community-Based Service Utilisation Among Chinese Older Adults: A National Cohort Study.

Aim: To explore changes in home- and community-based service utilisation and its associated factors among Chinese older adults between 2016 and 2018.

Design: A national cohort study.

Methods: This study included 6924 older adults from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey 2016 and 2018 waves, examining the changes in service utilisation among four groups: continuous users, former users, new users and nonusers.

Fight or Flight: Emergency Health Care Workers' Willingness to Work during Crises and Disasters. A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study in the Netherlands.

Objective: Expanding staff levels is a strategy for hospitals to increase their surge capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether emergency health care workers (HCWs) are willing to work during crises or disasters, and which working conditions influence their decisions.

Methods: HCWs in the emergency departments (EDs) and intensive care units (ICUs) of 5 Dutch hospitals were surveyed about various disaster scenarios.