Polygenic score distribution differences across European ancestry populations: implications for breast cancer risk prediction.

Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed.

Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer diagnosis, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 223,316 females without breast cancer diagnosis from the UK Biobank.

[Breathing disorders during sleep in patients with dystrophic myotonia].

Objective: To analyze the results of nocturnal breathing parameters during sleep based on nocturnal pulse oximetry and to study of characteristics of external respiration in genetically confirmed patients with dystrophic myotonia (DM).

Material And Methods: The subjects of the study were patients with genetically confirmed DM types 1 and 2 who were hospitalized in the neurological departments of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery. The clinical picture of the disease, comorbidities, sleep questionnaires, laboratory tests, overnight pulse oximetry and spirometry were performed and analyzed.

Programmable Wrinkled MXene-Based Soft Actuators with Moisture- and Light-Responsive Deformation and Water-Surface Locomotion Capabilities.

Soft actuators are limited by single-mode driving technology, which poses challenges in dealing with complex and multidimensional movements. In this study, a multiresponsive soft actuator was fabricated by integrating a microwrinkling structure into an MXene-based film, enabling programmable motions. To achieve this, we introduced -hexane into the film preparation process and utilized its rapid volatilization to accelerate the shrinkage difference between the film and the substrate.

Earthworm occurrence dataset extracted from Russian-language literature.

Background: Earthworms are one of the most important components of temperate ecosystems and groups of soil animals globally, but data on their distribution around the world are still incomplete and uneven. Northern Eurasia is a region for which available data on earthworm distribution is extremely poor. At the same time, generations of Soviet and Russian researchers have performed extensive research and accumulated a large amount of data on the distribution of earthworms in this vast region.

Respiratory Viruses in Patients With Hematological Malignancy in Boreal Autumn/Winter 2023-2024: EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA Report.

Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (CARV) significantly impact patients with hematological malignancies (HM), leading to high morbidity and mortality. However, large-scale, real-world data on CARV in these patients is limited. This study analyzed data from the EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA registry, focusing on patients with HM diagnosed with CARV during the 2023-2024 autumn-winter season.

The gelatin sponge loaded with curcumin coating exhibits a synergistic effect of hemostasis, anti-inflammatory, and anti-scarring.

Postoperative wound healing has been extensively studied and well-documented. Gelatin sponges are commonly used in surgeries for blood absorption. If these sponges can also release drugs with anti-scarring and anti-inflammatory effects, they would significantly enhance wound healing.

Synthesis and physiological effects of new 4-aminophenol derivatives as paracetamol analogues.

Paracetamol has antipyretic and analgesic properties and it is widely used for fever and pain. However, paracetamol is partially metabolized to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, which in overdose leads to liver necrosis, urging for safer paracetamol analogues. As the latter, new para-aminophenol derivatives containing fragments of acetic acid, saturated fatty acids and monoethanolamine were synthesized.

Migraine and cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review.

The association between migraine and cognitive function has been studied during the last decade, however, this relationship is not well established. As migraine prevalence is highest between the ages of 30-40, aligning with some of our most productive years, we must understand cognitive changes within this disorder. Cognitive impairment potentially limits social and professional interactions, thus negatively impacting quality of life.

Elucidation of cytotoxicity of α-Synuclein fibrils on immune cells.

Progressive aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn), a small cytosolic protein involved in cell vesicle trafficking, in the midbrain, hypothalamus, and thalamus is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Amyloid oligomers and fibrils formed as a result of such aggregation are highly toxic to neurons. However, it remains unclear whether amyloid-induced toxicity of neurons is the primary mechanism of the progressive neurodegeneration observed upon PD.

Non-Viral Systems Based on PAMAM-Calix-Dendrimers for Regulatory siRNA Delivery into Cancer Cells.

Cancer is one of the most common diseases in developed countries. Recently, gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach to cancer treatment and has already entered clinical practice worldwide. RNA interference-based therapy is a promising method for cancer treatment.

Bimetallic CuNi Nanoparticle Formation: Solution Combustion Synthesis and Molecular Dynamic Approaches.

Nanomaterials are vital in catalysis, sensing, energy storage, and biomedicine and now incorporate multiprincipal element materials to meet evolving technological demands. However, achieving a uniform distribution of multiple elements in these nanomaterials poses significant challenges. In this study, various Cu-Ni compositions were used as a model system to investigate the formation of bimetallic nanoparticles by employing computer simulation molecular dynamics methods and comparing the results with observations from solution-combustion-synthesized materials of the same compositions.

HDACi combination therapy with IDO1i remodels the tumor microenvironment and boosts antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer with microsatellite stability.

Background: Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite stability (MSS) and mismatch repair proficiency (pMMR) has shown limited success in clinical trials. The combination of immunomodulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a potential strategy for treating CRC.

Methods: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed via database analysis, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting.

Colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger versus older adults: an analysis of population-based cancer registry data.

Background: Previous studies have shown that colorectal cancer incidence is increasing among younger adults (aged <50 years) in multiple high-income western countries in contrast with stabilising or decreasing trends in incidence in older adults (aged ≥50 years). This study aimed to investigate contemporary colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger adults versus older adults.

Methods: Colorectal cancer incidence data, including year of diagnosis, sex, and 5-year age group for 50 countries and territories, were extracted from the WHO-International Agency for Research on Cancer Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database.

Analysis of bioactive compounds of hen egg components at the first half of incubation.

A comparative analysis of mass-volume characteristics of structural and morphological components of hen eggs before incubation and on the fifth (HH25-HH27) and 10th (HH36) days of incubation was carried out. During incubation, egg weight decreased by 9.25% (10 days), mainly due to a decrease in albumen weight (35.

Recent advances in asymmetric synthesis cyclopropanol intermediates.

Cyclopropanols have attracted significant attention in organic synthesis as versatile three-carbon synthons, as this readily available class of donor-activated cyclopropanes undergoes miscellaneous transformations, either ring-opening or with retention of the cyclopropane ring. This review summarizes stereoselective and stereoretentive transformations suitable for asymmetric synthesis. The utility of cyclopropanols is discussed for two main strategies: (i) substrate-controlled transformations using enantiomerically enriched cyclopropanol intermediates through a traditional approach, and (ii) the use of nonchiral or racemic cyclopropanols, where asymmetric induction is achieved through a chiral catalyst, representing a direction that has recently emerged.

The Frequency and Incidence of QT Prolongation with Extended Use of Bedaquiline or Delamanid in a Large, Multi-Country MDR/RR-TB Cohort.

Background: The 2022 WHO guidelines on multi-drug/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) recommend six months of bedaquiline (Bdq) in the all-oral 9-month shorter regimen and six months or longer for Bdq and delamanid (Dlm) in the 18-20-month longer regimen. However, lack of evidence on extended treatment using Bdq or Dlm has limited their use to six months. We examine the frequency and incidence of QT prolongation based on duration of Bdq and/or Dlm use in longer regimens.

Digital Electrocardiographic Complex for Risk Stratification of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.

Unlabelled: was to develop and clinically test a hardware and software system capable of identifying the predictors of the hidden forms of atrial fibrillation (AF) using 12-lead ECG data in sinus rhythm.

Materials And Methods: There was developed the hardware and software system "Intecard 8.1" to assess a set of markers for atrial electrical instability by 3-5-minute ECG recordings in sinus rhythm.

Border militarization affects people's interactions with nature in Białowieża Forest.

Border militarization can impede people's interactions with nature in borderlands. We surveyed one border community to understand how local use of Białowieża Forest, one of Europe's last primary forest complexes, is affected by militarization. Out of 100 returned surveys, most respondents had a negative view of enforced border security measures (closure of the border zone, construction of a border barrier, military activities).

Global burden of non-rheumatic valvular heart disease in older adults (60-89 years old), 1990-2019: Systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: Understanding the global burden and risk factors of non-rheumatic valvular heart disease (NRVHD) in older adults is important for effective disease control. We wanted to analyze the prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate, mortality rate, and risk factors of NRVHD in older adults aged 60-89 years.

Methods: Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 was used as the data source.

Mental healthcare for older adults among countries in World Psychiatric Association Zone 10.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare mental healthcare services for older adults aged ≥65 years among countries in World Psychiatric Association (WPA) Zone 10.

Methods: A culturally sensitive questionnaire was developed and sent to the presidents of national psychiatric associations of the eight countries in WPA Zone 10 (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Uzbekistan).

Results: Psychiatric associations of six countries responded to the questionnaire (Armenia and Moldova did not respond).