Effect of High-Intensity vs Low-Intensity Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Need for Endotracheal Intubation in Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The HAPPEN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The effect of high-intensity noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) on the need for endotracheal intubation in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown.

Objective: To determine whether the use of high-intensity NPPV vs low-intensity NPPV reduces the need for endotracheal intubation in patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD and hypercapnia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized clinical trial conducted at 30 general respiratory non-intensive care unit wards of Chinese hospitals from January 3, 2019, to January 31, 2022; the last 90-day follow-up was on April 22, 2022.

Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin Use After Thermal Ablation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To determine the effect of aspirin on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence and survival after thermal ablation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aspirin in combination with thermal ablation. The clinical data were collected for the enrolled patients.

A Study on AIDS Self-Management Status and Its Influencing Factors.

Purpose: To investigate and analyse the status quo of the self-management of patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and its influencing factors and to provide the basis for formulating intervention strategies.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 PLWHA who visited the Infection Center of Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University between September 2021 and December 2021 were enrolled using the convenience sampling method. Demographic characteristics and disease-related data were collected for each participant.

Non-invasive assessment of esophageal and fundic varices in patients with primary biliary cholangitis.

Objectives: The Baveno VII consensus recommends endoscopic screening for varicose veins in cases of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 20 kPa or platelet count ≤ 150 × 10/L. Whether this approach was appropriate for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) remains uncertain. This study expanded the observed risk factors by adding analysis of ultrasound images as a non-invasive tool to predict the risk of esophageal or fundic varices.

Comparative efficacy and safety of tenofovir amibufenamide vs tenofovir alafenamide in the initial 48-week treatment of high viral load chronic hepatitis B: A single-centre retrospective study.

Background/aim: Tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) employs innovative ProTide technology and a methylation strategy to enhance the lipid solubility and plasma stability of the amide bond, providing advantages over tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). Despite promising Phase III clinical trial results demonstrating its antiviral efficacy, real-world data on TMF remains scarce. This study evaluates the antiviral efficacy and safety of TMF compared to TAF as the initial treatment in patients with high viral loads of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Population pharmacokinetics study of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients: a comparison between patients with or without liver cancer before surgery.

Background And Objective: The main challenge for immunosuppressive therapy using tacrolimus in liver transplantation is the considerable variability in its oral bioavailability and the narrow treatment range. Many population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models have been established to precisely estimate the PK variability of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients. However, it remains unclear whether there is a significant difference in the PK behavior of tacrolimus between patients with or without liver cancer before surgery.

Effects of Mao tea from Nankun Mountain on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses a significant health threat due to its potential progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. Without proper management, NAFLD can lead to severe complications and significantly impact overall health and longevity. This study explores the potential anti-steatosis effects of Nankun Mountain Mao tea (MT) on hepatic lipid accumulation using both and models.

Clinical performance evaluation of an HIV Duo assay: From HIV screening to acute and non-acute HIV infection detection.

Background: Evaluating the clinical performance of Elecsys HIV Duo assay for primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening and acute HIV infection detection.

Methods: This study was conducted from April 2022 to April 2023 and involved two distinct populations. For the HIV screening population, three HIV Duo results [HIV Duo, HIV antigen (Ag), and HIV antibody (Ab)] in primary screening were obtained (January 2021 to June 2021).

The signatures and crosstalk of gut microbiome, mycobiome, and metabolites in decompensated cirrhotic patients.

Background: Numerous studies have confirmed that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the progression of cirrhosis. However, the contribution of gut fungi in cirrhosis is often overlooked due to the relatively low abundance.

Methods: We employed 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, internal transcribed spacer sequencing, and untargeted metabolomics techniques to investigate the composition and interaction of gut bacteria, fungi, and metabolites in cirrhotic patients.

The effects of Qingchang Ligan formula on hepatic encephalopathy in mouse model: results from gut microbiome-metabolomics analysis.

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neurological disorder resulting from advanced liver injury. HE has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of HE is still unclear, which has led to the lack of a satisfactory specific treatment method.

Clinical features and prognostic factors of cryptococcal infections in HIV-infected patients: a 10-year study from an infectious disease specialist hospital.

Background: Cryptococcosis is an invasive infection that commonly affects immunosuppressed individuals, especially patients with HIV infection. Cryptococcal infection in HIV-infected patients should be considered a major health concern because it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of cryptococcal infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients to facilitate effective clinical management and improve patient outcomes.

Pharmacological Interventions for Cirrhotic Ascites: From Challenges to Emerging Therapeutic Horizons.

Ascites is the most common complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. This condition results in a severely impaired quality of life, excessive healthcare use, recurrent hospitalizations and significant morbidity and mortality. While loop diuretics and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are commonly employed for symptom relief, our understanding of their impact on survival remains limited.

Virus-driven dysregulation of the BCR pathway: a potential mechanism for the high prevalence of HIV related B-cell lymphoma.

In people living with HIV (PLWH), the susceptibility to malignancies is notably augmented, with lymphoma emerging as a predominant malignancy. Even in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, aggressive B-cell lymphoma stands out as a paramount concern. Yet, the pathogenesis of HIV related lymphoma (HRL) largely remains an enigma.

Hepatitis B virus reactivation risk associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumor treatment: a retrospective study.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a recognized complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, the risk of HBV reactivation with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains uncertain due to their exclusion from clinical trials. This study aimed to assess the incidence of HBV reactivation in patients with cancer undergoing ICI therapy, exploring associated risk factors.

The potential of lenvatinib in breast cancer therapy.

Breast cancer, as a highly prevalent cancer among women, is one of the main causes of female mortality due to cancer. There is a need for more treatment options to improve the survival time of breast cancer patients. Metastasis to distant organs is a standard indicator of advanced breast cancer and a primary cause of breast cancer mortality, making the control of breast cancer metastasis crucial.

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase is a potential tumor suppressor and predictive marker for hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and metastasis is the main cause of early recurrence and poor prognosis. However, the mechanism of metastasis remains poorly understood.

Aim: To determine the possible mechanism affecting HCC metastasis and provide a possible theoretical basis for HCC treatment.

Jinhong decoction ameliorates injury in septic mice without disrupting the equilibrium of gut microbiota.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition and usually be treated with antibiotics, which however often has severe side effects. This work proposed a novel Chinese traditional medicine JINHONG (JH) decoction for therapy of sepsis. We first identified the chemical constituents of JH decoction by using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).