Apelin-13 inhibits ischemia-reperfusion mediated podocyte apoptosis by reducing m-TOR phosphorylation to enhance autophagy.

Podocytes are essential to maintain the normal filtration function of glomerular basement membrane, which could be injured by ischemia-reperfusion. As complicated function of autophagy in terminal differentiated podocytes, autophagy dysfunction might contribute to I/R induced renal dysfunction following glomerular filtration membrane (GFM) injuries. Meanwhile, apelin-13, an endogenous polypeptide, has been proved to be effective in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in podocytes.

Asymptomatic lung abscess of aspergillus in a female without previous lung diseases or immunocompromise: a case report.

Background: Chronic pulmonary abscess usually results from bacterial or mycobacterium infection, but rarely from aspergillosis. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is usually found in a person with structural lung disease or immunocompromise. Here, we report a case of chronic lung abscess of aspergillosis without immunocompromise, structural lung diseases or even clinical symptoms.

Toward efficient slide-level grading of liver biopsy via explainable deep learning framework.

In the context of chronic liver diseases, where variability in progression necessitates early and precise diagnosis, this study addresses the limitations of traditional histological analysis and the shortcomings of existing deep learning approaches. A novel patch-level classification model employing multi-scale feature extraction and fusion was developed to enhance the grading accuracy and interpretability of liver biopsies, analyzing 1322 cases across various staining methods. The study also introduces a slide-level aggregation framework, comparing different diagnostic models, to efficiently integrate local histological information.

[Interventional studies on acute-on-chronic liver failure: challenges and opportunities].

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a kind of complex syndrome characterized by acute deterioration of liver function on the basis of chronic liver disease, accompanied by organ failure and a high mortality rate. The International Society for Hepatology has proposed different definitions, diagnostic criteria, and treatment guidelines, which have led to differences in the clinical management of ACLF and underestimated the burden of the disease. Currently, there is no specific treatment for ACLF, and the overall prognosis is still not ideal.

The association between rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation and brain structure and function based on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

An increasing number of treatment guidelines recommend rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) after the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, data on the association between rapid ART initiation and alterations in brain structure and function remain limited in people with HIV (PWH). A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) undergoing ART.

HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Cascade Stages Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With Sexually Transmitted Infections in China: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Background: There is limited literature available regarding the knowledge and use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) with sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Objective: This study's objective was to explore the HIV PrEP cascade stages (knowledge, willingness to use, and use) among MSM with STIs in China, in order to promote the implementation of PrEP in this population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a respondent-driven sampling method in 19 cities in China, from January to August 2022.

AMPK-regulated glycerol excretion maintains metabolic crosstalk between reductive and energetic stress.

Glucose metabolism has been studied extensively, but the role of glucose-derived excretory glycerol remains unclear. Here we show that hypoxia induces NADH accumulation to promote glycerol excretion and this pathway consumes NADH continuously, thus attenuating its accumulation and reductive stress. Aldolase B accounts for glycerol biosynthesis by forming a complex with glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenases GPD1 and GPD1L.

Patterns of liver fibrosis evolution in Chinese HIV/HBV co-infected adults following 5-year antiretroviral treatment: a longitudinal study using non-invasive APRI and Fib-4 scores.

The long-term effects of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) on liver fibrosis patterns in adults living with HIV and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the trajectories of liver fibrosis and identify the associations of baseline variables with different patterns of liver fibrosis evolution. A total of 333 individuals with HIV/HBV co-infection and undergoing long-term ART were enrolled in this study.

Is Insulin Resistance a High-Risk Factor for Postmenopausal Endometrial Cancer: Insights from the Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) Index and the Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR).

Purpose: To evaluate the insulin resistance in patients with menopause who were newly diagnosed with endometrial cancer and its association with disease development.

Methods: The study included 356 patients with menopause who underwent hysteroscopy at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between September 2013 and July 2018. Data on age, height, weight, menarche and menopausal age, pregnancies, births, and family history of tumors, hypertension, and diabetes were collected.

Unveiling neuroimmunology profile of immunological non-responders in HIV: a multimodal MRI approach.

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH), especially immunological non-responders (INRs), may experience adverse neurologic events. However, the extent of neurological impairment in INRs remains uncertain. This study evaluates brain structure and function, immune dysregulation, and peripheral immunomarkers in INRs and immunological responders (IRs) among PLWH, classified according to immunological response criteria, within a clinical research setting.

The Prevalence of Low-level Viraemia and Its Association with Virological Failure in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Low-level viraemia (LLV) following antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWH) has not received sufficient attention. To the determine the prevalence of LLV and its association with virological failure (VF), we systematically reviewed evidence-based interventions for PLWH. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to 22 May 2024.

Chinese expert consensus on sequential surgery following conversion therapy based on combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic targeted drugs for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2024 edition).

Up to half of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, for which effective treatment options are lacking, resulting in a poor prognosis. Over the past few years, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic targeted therapy has proven highly efficacious in treating advanced HCC, significantly extending patients' survival and providing a potential for sequential curative surgery. After sequential curative hepatectomy or liver transplantation following conversion therapy, patients can receive long-term survival benefits.

Memory stem CD8T cells in HIV/Mtb mono- and co-infection: characteristics, implications, and clinical significance.

Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and () co-infection presents a significant public health challenge worldwide. Comprehensive assessment of the immune response in HIV/ co-infection is complex and challenging. CD8T cells play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response to both HIV and .

The safety, pharmacokinetics and neutralizing activity of recombinant human anti-rabies monoclonal antibody NM57 injection (rhRIG, Ormutivimab) in combination with rabies vaccination in Chinese healthy adults: A phase Ib randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled clinical study.

Background: The combination of passive immune agents (human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) and equine rabies antiserum (ERA)) with vaccines are effective measures for preventing the onset of rabies post exposure. However, ERA and HRIG have potential risks of serum allergic reactions and blood-transmitted infectious diseases. This study compared the safety, pharmacokinetics and neutralizing activity of recombinant human anti-rabies monoclonal antibody NM57 injection (rhRIG, Ormutivimab) and HRIG in combination with rabies vaccine and vaccine alone.

One-Pot Assay Based on CRISPR/Cas13a Technology for HEV RNA Point-of-Care Testing.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses a serious threat to both public health and animal food safety, thereby highlighting the demands for rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use detection. This study aimed to develop a One-Pot assay using CRISPR/Cas13a for detecting HEV RNA, suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT) in resource-limited settings. CRISPR/Cas13a combined with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) was applied to a One-Pot assay device.

Depressed TFAM promotes acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity regulated by DDX3X-PGC1α-NRF2 signaling pathway.

Background: Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (AILI) is the most prevalent cause of acute liver failure and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of AILI. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is an important marker for maintaining mitochondrial functional homeostasis, but its functions in AILI are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the function of TFAM and its regulatory molecular mechanism in the progression of AILI.

Study on the Technical Parameters for Estimating HIV-1 Incidence by Using a Recombinant Antigen-based Capture Enzyme Immunoassay - China.

Introduction: A novel recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay (RAg-CEIA) was optimized and used to determine technical parameters for estimating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) incidence in China.

Methods: We employed orthogonal experimental design to optimize RAg-CEIA by adjusting raw material dilution ratios. The assay was used to measure normalized optical density (ODn) values in 171 longitudinal plasma specimens from 51 HIV-1 seroconverting individuals, plotted against estimated days post-seroconversion.

Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: A comprehensive analysis from a decade-long study.

Background: Cirrhosis is a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Variability in HCC risk among patients with cirrhosis is notable, particularly when considering the diverse etiologies of cirrhosis.

Aim: To identify specific risk factors contributing to HCC development in patients with cirrhosis.

Noninvasive early identification of durable clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition: a prospective multicenter study (NCT04566432).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment landscape for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In spite of durable responses in some patients, many patients develop early disease progression during the ICI treatment. Thus, early identification of patients with no durable benefit would facilitate the clinical decision for these patients.

Innate Immune Cell Profiling in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Moyamoya Disease.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disease characterized by stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery, thus leading to ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes. Although genetic studies have identified ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) as a susceptibility gene, the low disease penetrance suggests that a secondary trigger, such as infection, may initiate disease onset. This study aimed to characterize the innate immune cell profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MMD patients via mass cytometry (CyTOF).

Chinese guidelines for minimally invasive donor hepatectomy in living donor liver transplantation (2024 edition).

Background: Minimally invasive surgeries are increasingly central to modern medicine, particularly in liver transplantation. These techniques, which offer reduced trauma, precise operations, minimal bleeding, and swift recovery, are, however, unevenly adopted across China. Only a limited number of centers routinely perform minimally invasive donor hepatectomies, indicating a significant imbalance in the development and application of these advanced procedures.

Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by SingleCell RNA Sequencing and its Implications for Prognosis and Therapeutic Response.

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has become a new hotspot in cancer research over the past few years. Tumor immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is especially intriguing as HCC is reported to be highly heterogeneous by previous genomic and cytological studies. It is also closely related to patient prognosis and therapeutic outcome.

p53 induces circFRMD4A to suppress cancer development through glycolytic reprogramming and cuproptosis.

Cuproptosis is a type of copper-induced cell death that mainly impacts cells relying on mitochondrial metabolism. Although p53 regulates glycolytic metabolism, its role in cuproptosis remains unclear. Here, we report that the circular RNA, circFRMD4A, is crucial for p53-mediated metabolic reprogramming and cuproptosis.