Long non-coding RNA Malat1 modulates CXCR4 expression to regulate the interaction between induced neural stem cells and microglia following closed head injury.

Background: Closed head injury (CHI) provokes a prominent neuroinflammation that may lead to long-term health consequences. Microglia plays pivotal and complex roles in neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal insult and repair following CHI. We previously reported that induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) can block the effects of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling on NF-κB activation in activated microglia by CXCR4 overexpression.

Emerging strategies for nitric oxide production and their topical application as nanodressings to promote diabetic wound healing.

The challenges associated with prolonged healing or non-healing of chronic diabetic wounds contribute significantly to the increased incidence of lower limb amputation. A pivotal factor in the impediment of healing is the reduced production of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) due to the hyperglycemic microenvironment typical of chronic diabetes. While both endogenous and exogenous NO have been shown to promote the healing process of diabetic wounds, the direct application of NO in wound management is limited due to its gaseous nature and the risk of explosive release.

Tegaserod maleate exerts anti-tumor effects on prostate cancer via repressing sonic hedgehog signaling pathway.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly common type of malignancy and affects millions of men in the world since it is easy to recur or emerge therapy resistance. Therefore, it is urgent to find novel treatments for PCa patients. In the current study, we found that tegaserod maleate (TM), an FDA-approved agent, inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration as well as invasion, caused the arrest of the cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis of PCa cells in vitro.

Critical factors influencing live birth rates in fresh embryo transfer for IVF: insights from cluster ensemble algorithms.

Infertility has emerged as a significant global health concern. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) assists numerous infertile couples in conceiving, yet some experience repeated, unsuccessful cycles. This study aims to identify the pivotal clinical factors influencing the success of fresh embryo transfer of in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Peer Victimization and School Engagement among Chinese Adolescents: Does Classroom-Level Victimization Matter?

Peer victimization has been demonstrated to have a long-lasting negative impact on adolescents' psychological well-being, yet its impact on school engagement is inconclusive, particularly during high school. In addition, research about the role of classroom-level victimization in the association between individual-level peer victimization and adolescents' school engagement remains underexplored. Previous research has relied solely on self-report measures to assess peer victimization, potentially limiting the scope of understanding.

Integrating single-cell RNA and T cell/B cell receptor sequencing with mass cytometry reveals dynamic trajectories of human peripheral immune cells from birth to old age.

A comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the immune landscape in humans across the entire lifespan at single-cell transcriptional and protein levels, during development, maturation and senescence is currently lacking. We recruited a total of 220 healthy volunteers from the Shanghai Pudong Cohort (NCT05206643), spanning 13 age groups from 0 to over 90 years, and profiled their peripheral immune cells through single-cell RNA-sequencing coupled with single T cell and B cell receptor sequencing, high-throughput mass cytometry, bulk RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry validation experiments. We revealed that T cells were the most strongly affected by age and experienced the most intensive rewiring in cell-cell interactions during specific age.

Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity loss.

Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge. To meet recent international commitments to maintain genetic diversity within species, we need to understand relationships between threats, conservation management and genetic diversity change. Here we conduct a global analysis of genetic diversity change via meta-analysis of all available temporal measures of genetic diversity from more than three decades of research.

Chemoprevention Strategies for Precancerous Gastric Lesions Beyond Helicobacter pylori Eradication.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a significant global health challenge, particularly in high-incidence regions like East Asia. Despite improvements in screening and treatment, the progressive nature of precancerous lesions-such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia-necessitates effective prevention strategies. This review evaluates the role of chemoprevention in GC, focusing on agents designed to target these precancerous lesions.

A novel amino-pyrimidine inhibitor suppresses tumor growth via microtubule destabilization and Bmi-1 down-regulation.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the diseases posing a threat to global health, according to the latest data, is the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The development and refinement of novel structures of small molecular compounds play a crucial role in tumor treatment and overcoming drug resistance. In this study, our objective was to screen and characterize novel compounds for overcoming drug resistance via the B Lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (Bmi-1) reporter screen assay.

Screening and Preparation of Nanobodies for SIGLEC-15 Detection.

As an important member of the Siglec family, SIGLEC-15 plays an important role in osteoclast differentiation, bone remodeling, and tumor immune evasion. In the tumor microenvironment, SIGLEC-15 functions independently of the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway. In this study, the SIGLEC-15 fusion protein (SIGLEC-15-Fc) was successfully expressed and purified using a eukaryotic expression system.

Development and testing the psychometric properties of 20 bolt-on items for the EQ-5D-5L across 31 rare diseases.

Objective: Our objective was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of relevant bolt-on items for the EQ-5D-5L in patients with rare diseases (RDs).

Methods: Nineteen new EQ-5D-5L bolt-ons were developed based on literature review, expert input and qualitative interviews and focus groups with patients, caregivers and representatives of patient associations. A nationwide, cross-sectional, web-based survey in China included patients or caregivers of patients with 31 RDs in China (n=9,190).

Adult bi-paternal offspring generated through direct modification of imprinted genes in mammals.

Imprinting abnormalities pose a significant challenge in applications involving embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and animal cloning, with no universal correction method owing to their complexity and stochastic nature. In this study, we targeted these defects at their source-embryos from same-sex parents-aiming to establish a stable, maintainable imprinting pattern de novo in mammalian cells. Using bi-paternal mouse embryos, which exhibit severe imprinting defects and are typically non-viable, we introduced frameshift mutations, gene deletions, and regulatory edits at 20 key imprinted loci, ultimately achieving the development of fully adult animals, albeit with a relatively low survival rate.

Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on 64 notifiable infectious diseases in Australia: A Bayesian Structural Time Series model.

Background: Several studies have examined the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in Australia and globally. However, to our knowledge none have sufficiently explored their impact on other infectious diseases with robust time series model. In this study, we aimed to use Bayesian Structural Time Series model (BSTS) to systematically assess the impact of NPIs on 64 National Notifiable Infectious Diseases (NNIDs) by conducting a comprehensive and comparative analysis across eight disease categories within each Australian state and territory, as well as nationally.

Rationally manipulating molecular planarity to improve molar absorptivity, NIR-II brightness, and photothermal effect for tumor phototheranostics.

The secondary near-infrared region (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) offers a noninvasive and light-controllable treatment option for deep-seated cancers. However, the development of NIR-II photothermal agents (NIR-II PTAs) that possess the desired properties of high molar absorption coefficient (ε), fluorescence quantum yield (QY), and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) remain a challenge due to the contradiction between radiative and nonradiative processes. Herein, we propose a novel side-chain heteroatom substitution engineering strategy to simultaneously enhance ε, QY, and PCE by modifying the molecular planarity.

Online extraction-LC-MS/MS is an alternative imaging tool for spatial-resolved metabolomics: Mint leaf as a pilot study.

An attempt was made here to a complemental analytical tool for classical MSI approach. OLE-LC-MS/MS imaging was proposed to plot the spatial-resolved metabolome through deploying mint leaf as a proof-of-concept. A dried leaf underwent chemical composition characterization using OLE-LC-Qtof-MS.

Targeting membrane integrity and imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase: Sanguinarine multifaceted approach against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen capable of readily forming biofilms, which can result in life-threatening infections involving different organs. Sanguinarine are benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids extracted from the Sanguinaria canadensis L. (Papaveraceae), which have a wide range of biological activities.

Effectiveness of Different Intervention Modes in Lifestyle Intervention for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and the Reversion to Normoglycemia in Adults With Prediabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Lifestyle interventions have been acknowledged as effective strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the accessibility of conventional face-to-face interventions is often limited. Digital health intervention has been suggested as a potential solution to overcome the limitation.

First-Line Mobocertinib Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase III EXCLAIM-2 Trial.

Purpose: Mobocertinib is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This open-label, phase III trial (EXCLAIM-2: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04129502) compared mobocertinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment of ex20ins+ advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

Tranexamic dosing for major joint arthroplasty in adult patients with chronic kidney disease: A pharmacokinetic study and new dosing regimen.

Background: Tranexamic acid is an anti-fibrinolytic agent routinely used during hip and knee joint replacement surgery to minimize bleeding. Chronic kidney disease is a common chronic health problem seen among adults requiring major arthroplasty surgery. Tranexamic acid is renally cleared and may accumulate in chronic kidney disease.

The mCHEST Score for Incident Atrial Fibrillation: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).

Background: Assessing individuals' risk of developing incident atrial fibrillation (AF) is important for making preventive and screening strategies.

Objectives: The performance of the mCHEST score for predicting incident AF has scarcely been evaluated, especially in a multi-ethnic population.

Methods: Participants from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were enrolled in the present study, which involved population of different ethnicities (Caucasian, African-American, Chinese-American, and Hispanic) aged between 45 and 84 from 6 communities in the United States.

Effects of acupuncture at the Taichong (LIV3) and Hegu (LI4) points on functional connectivity with the retrosplenial cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Acupuncture has been demonstrated to have a promising effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is one of the earliest brain regions affected in AD, and changes in its functional connectivity (FC) are reported to underlie disease-associated memory impairment. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acupuncture on FC with the RSC in patients with AD.

Effects of different pre-conditioning exercise on leptin synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway in T2DM rats.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-conditioning exercise on body lipid metabolism, leptin secretion, and the downstream pathways at the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: The T2DM model was established using an 8-week high-sugar, high-fat diet combined. The T2DM model was established using an 8-week high-sugar, high-fat diet combined with streptozocin (STZ) injection.

The graded heat-health risk forecast and early warning with full-season coverage across China: a predicting model development and evaluation study.

Background: Due to global climate change, high temperature and heatwaves have become critical issues that pose a threat to human health. An effective early warning system is essential to mitigate the health risks associated with high temperature and heatwaves. However, most of the current heatwave early warning systems are not adequately developed based on the heat-health risk model, and the health impact of hot weather has not been well managed in most countries.

Sodium valproate enhances efficacy of NKG2D CAR-T cells against glioblastoma.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies have shown promise in glioblastoma clinical studies, but responses remain inconsistent due to heterogeneous tumor antigen expression and immune evasion post-treatment. NKG2D CAR-T cells have demonstrated a favorable safety profile in patients with hematologic tumors, and showed robust antitumor efficacy in various xenograft models, including glioblastoma. However, malignant glioma cells evade immunological surveillance by reducing NKG2D ligands expression or cleavage.

Network pharmacology and multi-omics validation of the Jianpi-Yishen formula in the treatment of chronic kidney disease.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health problem. In clinical practice, the Chinese patent herbal medicine Jianpi-Yishen (JPYS) formula is commonly used to treat CKD. However, the molecular mechanisms by which JPYS targets and modulates the host immune response remain unclear.