Association of dynamic changes in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide with neurological outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is closely regulated by carbon dioxide (CO). In patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), abnormal arterial partial pressure of CO (PaCO) might deteriorate brain injuries. Nevertheless, the impact of dynamic PaCO fluctuations on neurological outcomes in aSAH patients has not been extensively studied.

Abnormal eye movements: relationship with clinical symptoms and predictive value for Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Abnormal eye movements occur at the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the characteristics of abnormal eye movements of patients with AD and their relationship with clinical symptoms remain inconsistent, and their predictive value for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of AD remains unclear.

Methods: A total of 42 normal controls, 63 patients with mild cognitive impairment due to AD (AD-MCI), and 49 patients with dementia due to AD (AD-D) were recruited.

Combining treatments for migraine prophylaxis: the state-of-the-art.

Combination treatments for migraine prophylaxis present a promising approach to addressing the diverse and complex mechanisms underlying migraine. This review explores the potential of combining oral conventional prophylactics, onabotulinumtoxin A, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway, and small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants). Among the most promising strategies, dual CGRP inhibition through mAbs and gepants may enhance efficacy by targeting both the CGRP peptide and its receptor, while the combination of onabotulinumtoxin A with CGRP treatments offers synergistic pain relief.

Disease-specific suppressive granulocytes participate in glioma progression.

Glioblastoma represents one of the most aggressive cancers, characterized by severely limited therapeutic options. Despite extensive investigations into this brain malignancy, cellular and molecular components governing its immunosuppressive microenvironment remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a distinct neutrophil subpopulation, termed disease-specific suppressive granulocytes (DSSGs), present in human glioblastoma and lower-grade gliomas.

The mediating role of life course cognitive reserve-enhancing factors in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and dementia among older adults: evidence from a prospective cohort study in the United States.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and incident dementia, and examine the mediating effect of cognitive reserve-enhancing factors from life course perspective. Further, we verified the heterogeneities of associations of ACEs, enhancing factors, and dementia by dementia genetic risk.

Methods: Data was from the US Health and Retirement Study, involving 51,327 observations (50+) with a 10-year follow-up.

Inflammatory and Nutritional Markers as Indicators for Diagnosing and Assessing Disease Activity in MS and NMOSD.

Background: Inflammation and nutritional markers have recently gained recognition for their roles in the fabrication of cognitive control centers demyelinating illnesses. Inflammatory indices such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), along with nutritional markers like albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (HB), and body mass index (BMI), may predict disease occurrence. However, their potential in evaluating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains unexplored.

Corticostriatal glutamate-mediated dynamic therapeutic efficacy of electroacupuncture in a parkinsonian rat model.

Background: Motor impairments are the defining cardinal features of Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting from malfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit. Clinical data have demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation may benefit motor symptoms in PD without adverse effects. However, the specific effects of EA on PD and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear.

Laser interstitial thermal therapy in the management of bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia-related epilepsy.

Objective: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) versus open surgery (OS) for the treatment of patients with bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia (BOSD)-related epilepsy.

Methods: Twenty-two patients underwent MRgLITT, while 39 underwent OS. Postoperative seizure-free rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves.

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting cerebrospinal fluid leak after endoscopic craniopharyngioma resection.

Objective: To identify risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after extended endoscopic endonasal surgery for craniopharyngiomas and develop a predictive model for predicting postoperative CSF leak.

Methods: Six hundred and sixty cases of craniopharyngioma (training cohort: n = 462; validation cohort: n = 198) were retrospectively reviewed between October 2018 and May 2024, and relevant risk factors were identified. A nomogram was built using a stepwise logistic regression method based on the Akaike information criterion.

Short-term changes in brain networks and cognition in children with frontal lobe lesions treated solely with neurosurgical procedures.

Intracranial lesions in children often have good prognoses, allowing long-term survival. Cognitive functions, crucial for life quality, need more attention. Previous research has focused on adults, with pediatric studies limited by varied lesions and complex treatments.

Segmentation of glioblastomas via 3D FusionNet.

Introduction: This study presented an end-to-end 3D deep learning model for the automatic segmentation of brain tumors.

Methods: The MRI data used in this study were obtained from a cohort of 630 GBM patients from the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPENN-GBM). Data augmentation techniques such as flip and rotations were employed to further increase the sample size of the training set.

Intracranial aneurysm instability prediction model based on 4D-Flow MRI and HR-MRI.

This study aims to develop a reliable predictive model for assessing intracranial aneurysm (IA) instability by utilizing four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D-Flow MRI) and high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI). Initially, we curated a prospective dataset, dubbed the primary cohort, by aggregating patient data that was consecutively enrolled across two centers from November 2018 to November 2021. Unstable aneurysms were defined as those with symptoms, morphological change or ruptured during follow-up periods.

Global trends and regional differences in mortality of cardiovascular disease and its impact on longevity, 1980-2021: Age-period-cohort analyses and life expectancy decomposition based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.

Objective: To investigate the temporal trend in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and its impact on life expectancy (LE) gains across different Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions.

Methods: Cause-specific mortality estimates during 1980-2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. An age-period-cohort (APC) analysis was adopted to estimate the net/local drifts and the age/period/cohort effects of CVD mortality.

Safety and efficacy of intravenous recombinant human prourokinase for acute ischaemic stroke within 4·5 h after stroke onset (PROST-2): a phase 3, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Intra-arterial prourokinase has been shown to be a promising thrombolytic agent in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Given the global shortage of thrombolytics, we aimed to assess the non-inferiority of intravenous recombinant human prourokinase compared with alteplase in patients with acute ischaemic stroke who were ineligible for or who refused endovascular thrombectomy.

Methods: PROST-2 was a phase 3, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial conducted at 61 hospitals in China.

Management of large or giant Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms: a single-center experience.

Background: Extracranial carotid artery aneurysm (ECCA) is an infrequent disease with an incidence of less than 1%. However, our understanding is still incomplete, and the preferred method to treat ECAA remains unknown.

Methods: To share our initial experience with treatment options for large ECCAs.

Effects of volatile anaesthetics on incidence of postoperative depression and anxiety symptoms in elderly patients: A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Studies have suggested volatile anaesthetics may alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms in patients. However, there is a paucity of research in this area. We wanted to determine the association between volatile anaesthetics and depression/anxiety symptoms in elderly patients within 7 days after surgery.

Updated classification with spinal dysraphism and treatment outcomes of arteriovenous shunts below conus: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Arteriovenous shunts below conus medullaris (AVS-BC) are understudied, particularly those associated with spinal dysraphism. This study aimed to refine the classification and management of AVS-BC.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with AVS-BC from two centers over two decades was performed, focusing on clinical presentations, angioarchitecture, and treatment outcomes.

Effect of scalp nerve block on postcraniotomy analgesia in children: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: Effective postoperative pain management is critical for pediatric craniotomies. Scalp nerve block (SNB) interventions present a potential solution, yet their comparative benefits in preoperative and postoperative settings remain unclear. This study investigated the analgesic effects of SNB in pediatric craniotomy patients by comparing preoperative versus postoperative administration.